Invertebrate colonization of a newly constructed diversion channel in the Canadian Shield

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1477-1486
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Chapelsky ◽  
Matthew M. Guzzo ◽  
Lee E. Hrenchuk ◽  
Paul J. Blanchfield
Keyword(s):  
Fish Habitat ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Bedrock Channel ◽  
Lake Outlet ◽  
Diversion Channel ◽  
Reference Stream ◽  
Natural Resource Development ◽  
Time Required

Construction of artificial channels to divert water is common in a variety of natural resource development projects; however, the length of time required for these stream channels to become productive fish habitat remains an understudied aspect. The creation of a bedrock channel (∼150 m) to drain a third-order boreal lake and its watershed (∼300 ha) offered the unique opportunity to study colonization by comparing habitat and invertebrate metrics with a reference stream. The amount of riparian vegetation on the banks of the diversion channel steadily increased, but remained much lower than the reference stream after 5 years. The channel was quickly colonized by benthic macroinvertebrates, which were of comparable abundance to the reference stream starting in the first year, and thereafter were greater in abundance. Taxa diversity and richness responded more slowly, becoming similar to the reference stream after 3 years. Results from this study suggest that newly created, lake-outlet channels can become productive small stream habitats in a relatively short time period (<5 years) in southern boreal regions.

scholarly journals Development of Professional Attributes through Integration of Science and Practice at First-Year Pharmacy Level

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Theo J. Ryan ◽  
Sheila A. Ryder ◽  
Deirdre M. D’Arcy ◽  
John M. Quigley ◽  
Nyin N. Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Work ◽  
Core Competency ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Year ◽  
Integrated Learning ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Curricular Integration ◽  
Who Analgesic Ladder ◽  
Personal Skills ◽  
Time Required

The design, implementation and evaluation of a year 1 pharmacy-integrated learning component, using the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) analgesic ladder as a scaffold for case-based learning, is described. A novel aspect of the integrated component is the mapping of the cases to the national Core Competency Framework (CCF) for Pharmacists in Ireland and to the school’s own cross-cutting curricular integration themes. The integrated cases were student led and delivered through peer-to-peer teaching for 68 first-year pharmacy students. The integrated cases mapped strongly to three of the CCF’s domains, namely, personal skills, organisation and management skills and supply of medicines. With regard to the school’s curricular integrative themes, the cases mapped strongly to the curricular integration themes of professionalism and communications; medicines sourcing, production and use; and safe and rational use of medicines. Highlights from an anonymous online student survey were the recognition by students of the importance of core science knowledge for practice, the enabling of integrated learning and the suitability of the integrated component for entry-level. While a majority of students were found to favour individual work over group work, future iterations will need to consider a greater degree of group work with a view to reducing the volume of content and time required to complete the cases.

scholarly journals Bridging the Gap: Understanding the Differing Research Expectations of First-Year Students and Professor

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Raven
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Research Students ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Instruction Strategies ◽  
Research Instruction ◽  
The University

Objective: This study sought to better understand the research expectations of first-year students upon beginning university study, and how these expectations differed from those of their professors. Most academic librarians observe that the research expectations of these two groups differ considerably and being able to articulate where these differences are greatest may help us provided more focused instruction, and allow us to work more effectively with professors and student support services. Methods: 317 first-year undergraduate students and 75 professors at Mount Saint Vincent University in Halifax, NS were surveyed to determine what they each expected of first-year student research. Students were surveyed on the first day of term so as to best understand their research expectations as they transitioned from high school to university. Results: The gulf between student and professor research expectations was found to be considerable, especially in areas such as time required for reading and research, and the resources necessary to do research. While students rated their preparedness for university as high, they also had high expectations related to their ability to use non-academic sources. Not unexpectedly, the majority of professors believed that students are not prepared to do university-level research, they do not take enough responsibility for their own learning, they should use more academic research sources, and read twice as much as students believe they should. Conclusions: By better understanding differing research expectations, students can be guided very early in their studies about appropriate academic research practices, and librarians and professors can provide students with improved research instruction. Strategies for working with students, professors and the university community are discussed.

Does the Timing of Auditor Changes Affect Audit Quality? Evidence From the Initial Year of the Audit Engagement

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory A. Cassell ◽  
James C. Hansen ◽  
Linda A. Myers ◽  
Timothy A. Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Audit Quality ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Third ◽  
Client Relationship ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Quality Evidence

We focus on the first year of the auditor–client relationship and investigate whether audit quality varies with the timing of the new auditor’s appointment. We find that audit quality is not lower for companies that engage new auditors before the end of the third fiscal quarter than for companies that do not change auditors. However, companies that engage new auditors during or after the fourth fiscal quarter are more likely to misstate their audited financial statements than companies that engage new auditors earlier in the year and companies that do not change auditors. In additional tests, we find that the decrease in audit quality associated with late auditor changes is more pronounced for companies with complex operations (i.e., more operating segments). These results suggest that the extent to which audit quality suffers in the first year of audit engagements is affected by both the amount of time required to understand the client’s business, assess risks, and perform the audit (all of which are driven by client complexity), as well as the amount of time available for auditors to perform these tasks.

scholarly journals Modeling suspended sediment sources and transport in the Ishikari River Basin, Japan using SPARROW

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 11037-11069
Author(s):  
W. Duan ◽  
B. He ◽  
K. Takara ◽  
P. Luo ◽  
D. Nover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Watershed Model ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Natural Logarithm

Abstract. It is important to understand the mechanisms that control suspended sediment (SS) fate and transport in rivers as high suspended sediment loads have significant impacts on riverine hydroecology. In this study, the watershed model SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed Attributes) was applied to estimate the sources and transport of SS in surface waters of the Ishikari River Basin (14 330 km2), the largest watershed on Hokkaido Island, Japan. The final developed SPARROW model has four source variables (developing lands, forest lands, agricultural lands, and stream channels), three landscape delivery variables (slope, soil permeability, and precipitation), two in-stream loss coefficients including small stream (streams with drainage area < 200 km2), large stream, and reservoir attenuation. The model was calibrated using measurements of SS from 31 monitoring sites of mixed spatial data on topography, soils and stream hydrography. Calibration results explain approximately 95.96% (R2) of the spatial variability in the natural logarithm mean annual SS flux (kg km−2 yr−1) and display relatively small prediction errors at the 31 monitoring stations. Results show that developing-land is associated with the largest sediment yield at around 1006.27 kg km−2 yr−1, followed by agricultural-land (234.21 kg km−2 yr−1). Estimation of incremental yields shows that 35.11% comes from agricultural lands, 23.42% from forested lands, 22.91% from developing lands, and 18.56% from stream channels. The results of this study improve our understanding of sediments production and transportation in the Ishikari River Basin in general, which will benefit both the scientific and the management community in safeguarding water resources.

scholarly journals Permafrost Dynamics and Degradation in Polar Arctic From Satellite Radar Observations, Yamal Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanayim Teshebaeva ◽  
Ko J. van Huissteden ◽  
Helmut Echtler ◽  
Alexander V. Puzanov ◽  
Dmitry N. Balykin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Surface Dynamics ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Sar Imagery

We investigate permafrost surface features revealed from satellite radar data in the Siberian arctic at the Yamal peninsula. Surface dynamics analysis based on SRTM and TanDEM-X DEMs shows up to 2 m net loss of surface relief between 2000 and 2014 indicating a highly dynamic landscape. Surface features for the past 14 years reflect an increase in small stream channels and a number of new lakes that developed, likely caused by permafrost thaw. We used Sentinel-1 SAR imagery to measure permafrost surface changes. Owing to limited observation data we analyzed only 2 years. The InSAR time-series has detected surface displacements in three distinct spatial locations during 2017 and 2018. At these three locations, 60–120 mm/yr rates of seasonal surface permafrost changes are observed. Spatial location of seasonal ground displacements aligns well with lithology. One of them is located on marine sediments and is linked to anthropogenic impact on permafrost stability. Two other areas are located within alluvial sediments and are at the top of topographic elevated zones. We discuss the influence of the geologic environment and the potential effect of local upwelling of gas. These combined analyses of InSAR time-series with analysis of geomorphic features from DEMs present an important tool for continuous process monitoring of surface dynamics as part of a global warming risk assessment.

scholarly journals Tracheal intubation skill retention using a McGRATH® MAC video laryngoscope with real-time feedback by faculty in novice first-year residents: A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Yamamoto ◽  
Shohei Kimura ◽  
Hideki Kuniyoshi ◽  
Takanori Hiroe ◽  
Takako Terui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Macintosh Laryngoscope ◽  
Video Laryngoscope ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Video Monitor ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Mcgrath Mac ◽  
Time Required

Abstract BackgroundDuring endotracheal intubation training, only providing verbal guidance to students may result in inadequate recognition of the inner larynx and cause delays in mastering endotracheal intubation. Therefore, we introduced a deliberate practice approach to the education of residents in endotracheal intubation. For this purpose, a video laryngoscope was used to give the residents detailed feedback of the anesthesiology faculty. We hypothesized that if the anesthesiology faculty could provide sufficient and precise feedback of the larynx through the video monitor, the residents’ intubation skills would be retained for a more extended period.MethodsThis cluster randomized controlled study enrolled first-year residents who completed a two-month rotation at our department. Each rotation group (2–4 residents) was assigned to the Macintosh laryngoscope (ML) group or the McGRATH MAC video laryngoscope (MML) group. Endotracheal intubation skills were evaluated on a simulated mannequin immediately after the rotation, three months later, and six months later. The primary endpoint was the time required for intubation. The secondary endpoint was the percentage of glottic opening (POGO) score.ResultsForty-six residents participated in this study and were assigned to the ML group (n = 23) or the MML group (n = 23). The time required for intubation was significantly shorter in the MML group than in the ML group. The POGO score did not show any significant differences between the two groups; however, the POGO score of the MML group had a relatively narrower confidence interval than the ML group.ConclusionsWhen comparing endotracheal intubation training using the Macintosh laryngoscope and video laryngoscope, the McGRATH MAC video laryngoscope shortened the intubation procedure and facilitated long-term skill retention.Trial registrationClinical registry and trial number, URL: https://www.umin.ac.jp, UMIN000036643 date of registration: 2019/05/03, This study was retrospectively registered.

Foster Care and Adoption: Carer/Parent Hours Over and Above ‘Ordinary Parenting’

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Forbes ◽  
Cas O'Neill ◽  
Cathy Humphreys ◽  
Susan Tregeagle ◽  
Elizabeth Cox
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
First Year ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Home Based Care

Caring for children in home-based care is seen as requiring considerably more time and energy from caregivers than is the case for most other children who are not in care. This article reports on a study that quantified the amount of time, over and above ‘ordinary parenting’, spent by 26 foster carers and prospective adoptive parents of children during a 9-month period in a program offering long-term care. The findings provide information that is potentially useful, not only in the debate about the decline in carer numbers, but also for agencies when they are recruiting, training and assessing prospective carers. Carers in the study spent an average of 55 minutes per day (or approximately 6 hours 22 minutes per 7-day week) on activities over and above the ordinary care of children. Carer time was highest for cases in the first year of placement when the average time was close to 2 hours per day. The tasks that took the greatest carer time, on average, were access visits, meeting with caseworkers, school- and tutoring-related matters, counselling and medical appointments, and organising respite care. Not surprisingly, more time was spent on children with challenging health and behavioural issues. Despite these differences in the average level of time required for each individual situation, the study also demonstrates that most carers experience days that are substantially taken up with their care responsibilities.

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