Provisional breeding zone determination modeled as a maximal covering location problem

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1173-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A Crowe ◽  
William H Parker
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Location Problem ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Zone Method ◽  
Maximal Covering ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Seed Zone ◽  
Point Seed

This study was a first attempt to model the problem of delineating breeding zones as a maximal covering location problem. The method involves two steps. First, a comprehensive set of candidate breeding zones is generated for a region using the focal point seed zone method. This method allows for control over the adaptive difference of genetic material within each zone. A grid of points is used to create the set of candidate breeding zones: one zone per point. Next, candidate zones are entered into a maximal covering location model formulated to suit this problem. The objective of this model is to select a subset of candidate zones that maximally covers the area of the region, given a limit on the number of zones to be selected and on the adaptive dissimilarity allowed within zones. Through use of this method, decision-makers can gain insight into how many breeding zones are needed to cover the region. Using different inputs from the focal point seed zone method, it is also possible to explore the trade-offs between the quantity and the quality of breeding zones. The method was tested on data from a series of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) common garden trials of 102 seed sources from northwestern Ontario.

Focal point seed zones: site-specific seed zone delineation using geographic information systems

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Seed Zones ◽  
Individual Site ◽  
Seed Zone ◽  
Point Seed

A new site-specific approach to defining seed zones in North American conifers is described. Using focal point seed zones, an individual site to be reforested becomes the focal point, and a unique seed zone is established for that site as needed. This approach depends upon (i) obtaining good comparative data in adaptive characteristics from throughout the range to beregenerated based upon a series of short-term growth tests in a common garden and (or) greenhouse and (ii) graphic analysis of multivariate summary scores by geographic information systems software to delimit boundaries of unique seed zones for any location to be reforested. A sample focal point seed zone is delineated for jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) reforestation of a site in northern Ontario. This approach has considerable potential to help prevent decreased growth and yield due to the planting of maladapted seed.

Comparison of canonical correlation and regression based focal point seed zones of white spruce

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1572-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R Lesser ◽  
William H Parker
Keyword(s):  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Statistical Efficiency ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Seed Zone ◽  
Point Seed

The focal point seed zone methodology determines spatially explicit areas of adaptive similarity for any selected geographic point and is used to match seed sources and planting sites. A total of 127 seed sources (provenances) of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) from Ontario and western Quebec were established at a greenhouse and in six field trials throughout Ontario. Growth and phenological variables were measured over three growing seasons. Two focal point seed zone methodologies were employed: (i) using models derived from principal components analysis (PCA) of biological response variables followed by multiple linear regression against climate variables and (ii) using models derived from canonical correlation analysis (CANCOR). While both approaches use climate data to model adaptive variation, CANCOR reduces the number of steps in the analysis by simultaneously finding the relationships of biological and climatic variables that maximize the covariance between the two data sets. Although more of the variation in adaptive biological traits was actually described by climate variables using the PCA–regression approach, this method produced intuitively less realistic patterns. Both methods showed similar overall geographic trends, but the CANCOR method had a finer resolution, especially in southern Ontario, presumably due to statistical efficiency; growth was modeled by all climate variables.

Sex ratio and life history traits at reaching sexual maturity in the dioecious shrub Fuchsia parviflora: field and common garden experiments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jessica S. Ambriz ◽  
Clementina González ◽  
Eduardo Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Reproductive Biomass ◽  
Common Garden Experiments ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Abstract Fuchsia parviflora is a dioecious shrub that depends on biotic pollination for reproduction. Previous studies suggest that the male plants produce more flowers, and male-biased sex ratios have been found in some natural populations. To assess whether the biased sex ratios found between genders in natural populations are present at the point at which plants reach sexual maturity, and to identify possible trade-offs between growth and reproduction, we performed a common garden experiment. Finally, to complement the information of the common garden experiment, we estimated the reproductive biomass allocation between genders in one natural population. Sex ratios at reaching sexual maturity in F. parviflora did not differ from 0.5, except in one population, which was the smallest seedling population. We found no differences between genders in terms of the probability of germination or flowering. When flowering began, female plants were taller than males and the tallest plants of both genders required more time to reach sexual maturity. Males produced significantly more flowers than females, and the number of flowers increased with plant height in both genders. Finally, in the natural population studied, the investment in reproductive biomass was seven-fold greater in female plants than in male plants. Our results showed no evidence of possible trade-offs between growth and reproduction. Despite the fact that female plants invest more in reproductive biomass, they were taller than the males after flowering, possibly at the expense of herbivory defence.

scholarly journals Trade-Offs among Release Treatments in Jack Pine Plantations: Twenty-Five Year Responses

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Holly D. Deighton ◽  
Frederick Wayne Bell ◽  
Nelson Thiffault ◽  
Eric B. Searle ◽  
Mathew Leitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Forest Diversity ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Jack Pine Forests ◽  
Stand Yield ◽  
Forest Managers

We assessed 27 indicators of plant diversity, stand yield and individual crop tree responses 25 years post-treatment to determine long-term trade-offs among conifer release treatments in boreal and sub-boreal forests. This research addresses the lack of longer-term data needed by forest managers to implement more integrated vegetation management programs, supporting more informed decisions about release treatment choice. Four treatments (untreated control, motor-manual brushsaw, single aerial spray, and complete competition removal) were established at two jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) sites in Ontario, Canada. Our results suggest that plant diversity and productivity in boreal jack pine forests are significantly influenced by vegetation management treatments. Overall, release treatments did not cause a loss of diversity but benefitted stand-scale yield and individual crop tree growth, with maximum benefits occurring in more intensive release treatments. However, none of the treatments maximized all 27 indicators studied; thus, forest managers are faced with trade-offs when choosing treatments. Research on longer term effects, ideally through at least one rotation, is essential to fully understand outcomes of different vegetation management on forest diversity, stand yield, and individual crop tree responses.

scholarly journals Genetically based resistance to the white pine weevil in jack pine and eastern white pine

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Verrez ◽  
Dan Quiring ◽  
Thibaut Leinekugel Le Cocq ◽  
Greg Adams ◽  
Yill Sung Park
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Tree Resistance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
White Pine Weevil

White pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck) damage was evaluated in one white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and four jack pine(Pinus banksiana Lamb) half-sib family test sites to determine the role of tree genotype in resistance to the weevil. Halfsibfamily explained a significant proportion of the variation in weevil attack at all sites. Estimates of family (0.16-0.54)and individual (0.09-0.24) heritabilities of jack pine resistance to white pine weevil were moderate. Estimates of family(0.37) and individual (0.22) heritability of resistance of white pine to the weevil were also moderate when the percentageof test trees damaged by the weevil was relatively low, but were insignificant four years later when more than three-quartersof trees were damaged. Significant positive correlations between mean tree height and mean incidence of trees damagedby the weevil were observed for four of seven site-years but relationships were weak, suggesting that any cost, withrespect to height growth, to breeding weevil resistant trees may be small.Key words: Pinus, Pissodes strobi, trade-offs, tree improvement, tree resistance, white pine weevil.

scholarly journals Straightening the crooked: intraspecific divergence of stem posture control and associated trade-offs in a model conifer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Sierra-de-Grado ◽  
V Pando ◽  
J Voltas ◽  
R Zas ◽  
J Majada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Manipulative Experiment ◽  
Intraspecific Divergence ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Adaptive Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Light Capture

Abstract Although the straightening capacity of the stem is key for light capture and mechanical stability in forest trees, little is known about its adaptive implications. Assuming that stem straightening is costly, trade-offs are expected with competing processes such as growth, maintenance and defences. We established a manipulative experiment in a common garden of Pinus pinaster including provenances typically showing either straight-stemmed or crooked-stemmed phenotypes. We imposed a bending up to 35º on plants aged nine years of both provenance groups and followed the straightening kinetics and shoot elongation after releasing. Eight months later, we destructively assessed biomass partitioning, reaction wood, wood microdensity, xylem reserve carbohydrates and phloem secondary metabolites. The experimental bending and release caused significant, complex changes with a marked difference between straight- and crooked-type plants. The straight-type recovered verticality faster and to a higher degree and developed more compression wood, while displaying a transitory delay in shoot elongation, reducing resource allocation to defences and maintaining the levels of non-structural carbohydrates compared to the crooked type. This combination of responses indicates the existence of intraspecific divergence in the reaction to mechanical stresses which may be related to different adaptive phenotypic plasticity.

scholarly journals The large scale maximal covering location problem

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1564-1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Fazel Zarandi ◽  
S. Davari ◽  
S.A. Haddad Sisakht
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Location Problem ◽  
Maximal Covering
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