The Sustainable Forestry Initiative’s impact on stumpage markets in the US South

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 2056-2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Brown ◽  
Daowei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Sustainable Forestry ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Us South ◽  
Equilibrium Displacement Model ◽  
Equilibrium Displacement ◽  
The Us ◽  
Producer Surplus ◽  
Nonindustrial Private Forest ◽  
Displacement Model

Using survey data and an equilibrium displacement model, we estimate the market and economic impacts of the American Forest and Paper Association's Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) on stumpage markets in the US South. We examine four timber product markets: softwood pulpwood, softwood sawtimber, hardwood pulpwood, and hardwood sawtimber. In each market we calculate changes in producer and consumer welfare using the equilibrium displacement model that accounts for reductions in timber inventories caused by SFI compliance. We find that SFI compliance costs the US South's economy about $36 million annually. SFI-compliant stumpage producers lose more than $33 million each year in producer surplus as a result of SFI compliance, and consumers lose about $12 million annually in consumer surplus due to higher product prices. These costs are offset partially by benefits to nonindustrial private forest producers, non-SFI-compliant industry producers, and public forest producers, who collectively gain about $10 million in producer surplus annually as a result of higher stumpage prices.

scholarly journals Gluten-Free: Where’s the Beef?

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-334
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Ates ◽  
Jayson L. Lusk
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Equilibrium Displacement Model ◽  
Food Away From Home ◽  
Equilibrium Displacement ◽  
Displacement Model ◽  
Retail Food ◽  
Modest Reduction

AbstractThis research seeks to determine effects of rising interest in gluten-free foods on U.S. retail food demand and, ultimately, producer and consumer welfare. Increased gluten-free interest led to a modest reduction in cereals and bakery demand and increases in meat, alcoholic beverages, and food away from home demand. Combining estimated effects with an equilibrium displacement model suggests the reduction in cereal and bakery demand decreases wheat and barley producer profits by US$7.2 million/year. After accounting for positive demand impacts on other products, results indicate wheat and barley supply is redistributed away from food production into animal production, increasing wheat producer welfare.

scholarly journals New Varieties and the Returns to Commodity Promotion: The Case of Fuji Apples

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Richards ◽  
Paul M. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Consumer Experience ◽  
Consumer Learning ◽  
Apple Variety ◽  
Equilibrium Displacement Model ◽  
Equilibrium Displacement ◽  
Producer Surplus ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Fuji Apple ◽  
Displacement Model

The Fuji apple variety is relatively new in the U.S. As a new product, questions concern the relative impact of consumer learning by experience, by variety-specific promotion, or by generic apple promotion. A two-stage (LES/LAIDS) model incorporating both types of promotion is used to estimate the effect of generic and variety specific promotion, as well as consumer experience, on the demand for Fuji apples. Estimates show each to have a positive impact, and also show new or specialty apple varieties to be relatively price inelastic, but income elastic. Grower returns to promotion are calculated with an equilibrium displacement model of price changes and producer surplus. Changes in producer surplus provide a base-scenario benefit:cost ratio of 6.33:1.

Fertilizer industry subsidies in China: who are the beneficiaries?

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Li ◽  
Yaoqi Zhang ◽  
Denis Nadolnyak ◽  
John David Wesley ◽  
Yifei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Target Groups ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Equilibrium Displacement Model ◽  
Fertilizer Industry ◽  
Total Surplus ◽  
Equilibrium Displacement ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Subsidy Incidence ◽  
Displacement Model

Purpose – Since 2004, subsidies increased by 670 percent in the Chinese fertilizer industry to reduce the farmer's burden. The purpose of this paper is to assess whether subsidies benefit the target groups, the fertilizer subsidy distribution pattern and benefit allocation pattern among fertilizer producers and other sectors were investigated. Design/methodology/approach – The Muth model is extended to evaluate the impacts of a subsidy on multi-stage markets. Findings – It is found that the total benefits from the policy are about RMB 7.7 billion yuans. The fertilizer suppliers gain about RMB 51 billion yuans from the favorable policy with mean subsidy incidence 0.8 and capturing about 70 percent of total surplus. Social implications – The results suggest that transferring parts of subsidies to the non-fertilizer sectors could be considered an efficient way to redistribute welfare indifferent sectors. Originality/value – This study first use the equilibrium displacement model to quantity the distribution of fertilizer subsidy in a vertical market in China.

Can eco-labels reduce carbon emissions? Market-wide analysis of carbon labeling and locally grown fresh apples

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Onozaka ◽  
Wenjing Hu ◽  
Dawn D. Thilmany
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
Equilibrium Displacement Model ◽  
Equilibrium Displacement ◽  
The Us ◽  
Annual Carbon ◽  
Locally Grown ◽  
Carbon Labeling

AbstractDespite the heightened efforts to implement eco-labeling schemes as the market-based vehicle for improving environmental quality, the overall effectiveness of eco-labels are still uncertain due to complex and sometimes unexpected market responses. In this paper, we assess the overall changes in carbon emissions resulting from two types of labeling on fresh apples, carbon labels and location designation labels (e.g., locally grown), both of which can have mixed implications for carbon emissions due to fluctuating supply chain factors. We employ an equilibrium displacement model that integrates existing estimates of differences across production systems, and our own estimates of consumer responses to labels in order to simulate the changes in prices, trade flows and estimate carbon impacts across several scenarios in the US fresh apple market. We find that both labels ultimately affect market outcomes and overall carbon emissions. With location designation labels, consumers’ preference for local products leads to a net decrease in carbon emissions during the local growing season, while the interaction of various market dynamics results in a subsequent net increase in carbon emissions during the local off-season. The interaction of a carbon label with the location label lowers the overall attractiveness of products and reduces the quantity demanded, and thus, reduces the carbon emissions in both seasons. Overall, providing the location designation label increases annual carbon emissions, whereas providing both the location designation and carbon labeling decreases annual emissions. In short, the dynamics and interdependency of labeling strategies are important to consider in the context of eco-labeling.

scholarly journals Impactos potenciais do Protocolo de Cartagena sobre biossegurança nas exportações brasileiras de soja

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-306
Author(s):  
Débora da Costa Simões ◽  
Heloisa Lee Burnquist
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Displacement Model ◽  
Equilibrium Displacement ◽  
Displacement Model

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar os impactos do Protocolo de Cartagena sobre Biossegurança (PCB) para o Brasil no mercado internacional, dado que o País foi o único grande exportador de commodities agrícolas que o ratificou. A análise centrou-se nas discussões do Artigo 18 e no mercado de soja. Calcularam-se os custos adicionais de identificação para Brasil, Argentina e Estados Unidos, com base em propostas feitas durante as negociações. Os números mostraram que esses custos são mais elevados no Brasil e que a diferença em relação aos países concorrentes aumenta quando as exigências de identificação tornam-se mais rígidas. Para verificar o impacto desses custos no mercado internacional, utilizou-se o Equilibrium Displacement Model (EDM) e definiram-se dois cenários. Em um deles, apenas o Brasil cumpriria as normas do PCB e em outro, Argentina e EUA também adotariam medidas equivalentes. Os resultados evidenciaram que ambas as situações implicariam em perdas para o Brasil, que poderiam chegar a US$ 133 milhões no Cenário 1 e a US$ 329 milhões no Cenário 2. Para os outros países, o Cenário 2 apresenta dados mais favoráveis. Dessa forma, espera-se que Argentina e EUA adotem medidas semelhantes às exigidas pelo PCB, no qual o Brasil incorre em perdas maiores.

Price and Quantity Effects of Canada's Dairy Advertising Programs

1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry W. Kinnucan ◽  
Evelyn T. Belleza
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Product ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Price Support ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Equilibrium Displacement Model ◽  
Equilibrium Displacement ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Retail Demand ◽  
Displacement Model

An equilibrium-displacement model is combined with econometric estimates of key model parameters to identify the impacts of Canada's dairy advertising programs on prices and quantity. Results suggest increased advertising of fluid milk enhances the farm value of milk but has minimal effect on government costs of the dairy price-support program. Owing to government intervention in the butter market, increased butter advertising has no effect on the farm value of milk, at least in the short run, but is highly effective at reducing government costs. Advertising is most effective,ceteris paribus, in markets where retail demand and wholesale supply for the specific dairy product are relatively price inelastic.

scholarly journals ESTIMATING THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON 16 MAJOR US FISHERIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150002
Author(s):  
CHRIS MOORE ◽  
JAMES W. MORLEY ◽  
BRIAN MORRISON ◽  
MICHAEL KOLIAN ◽  
ERIC HORSCH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Welfare Impacts ◽  
The Us ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Observational evidence shows marine species are shifting their geographic distribution in response to warming ocean temperatures. These shifts have implications for the US fisheries and seafood consumers. The analysis presented here employs a two-stage inverse demand model to estimate the consumer welfare impacts of projected increases or decreases in commercial landings for 16 US fisheries from 2021 to 2100, based on the predicted changes in thermally available habitat. The fisheries analyzed together account for 56% of the current US commercial fishing revenues. The analysis compares welfare impacts under two climate scenarios: a high emissions case that assumes limited efforts to reduce atmospheric greenhouse gas and a low emissions case that assumes more stringent mitigation. The present value of consumer surplus impacts when discounted at 3% is a net loss of $2.1 billion (2018 US$) in the low emissions case and $4.2 billion in the high emissions scenario. Projected annual losses reach $278–901 million by 2100.

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