Erratum: Using fuel and weather variables to predict the sustainability of surface fire spread in maritime pine stands

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-198
Author(s):  
Paulo M. Fernandes ◽  
Hermínio Botelho ◽  
Francisco Rego ◽  
Carlos Loureiro
Keyword(s):  
Fire Spread ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Surface Fire ◽  
Pine Stands

Using fuel and weather variables to predict the sustainability of surface fire spread in maritime pine stands

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo M. Fernandes ◽  
Hermínio Botelho ◽  
Francisco Rego ◽  
Carlos Loureiro
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Fuel Moisture ◽  
Fuel Type ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Surface Fire ◽  
Pinus Pinaster Ait ◽  
Fuel Moisture Content

Thresholds for surface fire spread were examined in maritime pine ( Pinus pinaster Ait.) stands in northern Portugal. Fire sustainability was assessed after ignition of 2 m fire lines or in larger burns conducted in 10–15 m wide plots. The experiments were carried out from November to June in three fuel types: litter, litter plus shrubs, and litter with a nonwoody understorey. Moisture content of fine dead fuels, on-site weather variables, and descriptors of the fuel complex all had a highly significant influence on the probability of self-sustaining fire spread. A logistic model based solely on fuel moisture content correctly classified the fire sustainability status of 88% of the observations. Nonetheless, the subjectivity of the moisture of extinction concept was apparent, and further accuracy was achieved by the consecutive addition of fire spread direction (forward or backward), fuel type, and ambient temperature. Fully sustained fire spread, in opposition to marginal burns with broken fire fronts, was similarly dependent on fuel moisture but was affected also by fire spread direction and time since rain. The models can benefit fire research and fire management operations but can be made more practical if integrated in a fire danger rating system.

scholarly journals Examining fuel treatment longevity through experimental and simulated surface fire behaviour: a maritime pine case study

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2529-2535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo M. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Flame Length ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Fuel Treatment ◽  
Surface Fire ◽  
Fire Modelling ◽  
The Difference

The adequate prediction of fire behaviour characteristics for both scientific and management objectives is deeply impacted by the performance of fire behaviour models. Both the lack of experimentation and limitations in fire modelling constrain current understanding of fuel treatment effectiveness and longevity. The residual effect of a 10-year-old prescribed fire was quantified by both simulating fire behaviour and observing real-world fire behaviour in treated (T10) and untreated (U25) fuels in a 25-year-old maritime pine ( Pinus pinaster Aiton) stand in Portugal. Fire behaviour characteristics were measured in experimental surface fires (n = 36). Surface-fire behaviour was simulated using BehavePlus with custom fuel models for T10, U25, and U15 (the untreated fuel complex when the stand was 15 years old). The T10 fuel complex had significantly less decomposing litter load and shrub cover and load than the U25 fuel complex. The observed rate of fire spread did not differ between fuel complexes after accounting for the effects of other environmental variables, but flame length in T10 was 25% lower than that in U25. BehavePlus simulations contradicted the difference observed in flame length. Inconsistent and misleading assessments of fuel treatment effectiveness with detrimental impacts on the outcomes of fuel management may result from the generalized practice of solely using simulation in lieu of experimental fires.

RATES OF SURFACE FIRE SPREAD IN A YOUNG CALABRIAN PINE (Pinus brutia Ten.) PLANTATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1475-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Kucuk ◽  
Ertugrul Bilgili ◽  
Serkan Bulut ◽  
Paulo M. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Fire Spread ◽  
Surface Fire ◽  
Pinus Brutia ◽  
Calabrian Pine

The simulation of surface fire spread based on Rothermel model in windthrow area of Changbai Mountain (Jilin, China)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Yin ◽  
Hui Jin ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Yuguang Fan ◽  
Liwu Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Spread ◽  
Changbai Mountain ◽  
Surface Fire

scholarly journals Origin identification of maritime pine stands in France using chloroplast simple-sequence repeats

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Margarida Ribeiro ◽  
Gr�goire LeProvost ◽  
Sophie Gerber ◽  
Giovanni Guiseppe Vendramin ◽  
Maria Anzidei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Origin Identification ◽  
Simple Sequence

High rates of nitrogen fixation of Ulex species in the understory of maritime pine stands and the potential effect of phosphorus fertilization

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1183-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Augusto ◽  
N Crampon ◽  
E Saur ◽  
M R Bakker ◽  
S Pellerin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Effect ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Fixation Rate ◽  
Ulex Europaeus ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Annual Biomass ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Very High

Nitrogen (N2) fixation by Ulex species was studied in a range of mature maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) stands as well as in a phosphorus (P) fertilization trial in a young (6-year-old) open pine stand. The biomass was estimated by allometric relationships, and the percentage of N derived from atmosphere was calculated according to the natural 15N abundance method. Ulex stand biomass was lower in the mature pine stand than in the young open pine stand. In the latter pine stand, Ulex mean annual biomass increment ranged from 1 to 5 Mg·ha–1·year–1, increasing with P fertilization dose, as did the Ulex stand biomass, ranging from 5.4 to 31.1 Mg·ha–1 after six growing seasons in the most highly fertilized treatment. For the sites where the natural 15N abundance method was applicable, the calculated percentage of N in the Ulex europaeus L. tissues derived from atmosphere was very high (mean = 82%; range = 59%–100%). At the other sites, the N2 fixation was probably also very important but could not be calculated with confidence. Here, the mean fixation rate of the former sites was used to calculate the N2 fixation flux. The estimated annual N2 fixation flux ranged from 0.5 to 5.1 kg N·ha–1·year–1 in the mature pine stands. In the young open pine stand, the Ulex understory fixation ranged from 8.1 to 57.4 kg N·ha–1·year–1, increasing with P fertilization dose. Considering the low levels of N fluxes in theses ecosystems, these figures are very high.

Relating surface fire spread to landscape structure: An application of FARSITE in a managed forest landscape

2007 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soung-Ryoul Ryu ◽  
Jiquan Chen ◽  
Daolan Zheng ◽  
Jacob J. Lacroix
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Managed Forest ◽  
Surface Fire

Sensitivity of a surface fire spread model and associated fire behaviour fuel models to changes in live fuel moisture

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Matt Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Fire Spread ◽  
Fuel Moisture ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Surface Fire ◽  
Fuel Model ◽  
Spread Model ◽  
Fuel Models ◽  
Live Fuel Moisture ◽  
Behaviour Models ◽  
Fire Spread Model

Fire behaviour models are used to assess the potential characteristics of wildland fires such as rates of spread, fireline intensity and flame length. These calculations help support fire management strategies while keeping fireline personnel safe. Live fuel moisture is an important component of fire behaviour models but the sensitivity of existing models to live fuel moisture has not been thoroughly evaluated. The Rothermel surface fire spread model was used to estimate key surface fire behaviour values over a range of live fuel moistures for all 53 standard fuel models. Fire behaviour characteristics are shown to be highly sensitive to live fuel moisture but the response is fuel model dependent. In many cases, small changes in live fuel moisture elicit drastic changes in predicted fire behaviour. These large changes are a result of a combination of the model-calculated live fuel moisture of extinction, the effective wind speed limit and the dynamic load transfer function of some of the fuel models tested. Surface fire spread model sensitivity to live fuel moisture changes is discussed in the context of predicted fire fighter safety zone area because the area of a predicted safety zone may increase by an order of magnitude for a 10% decrease in live fuel moisture depending on the fuel model chosen.

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