The effects of timber harvest, forest fire, and herbivores on regeneration of deciduous trees in boreal pine-dominated forests

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael den Herder ◽  
Jari Kouki ◽  
Vesa Ruusila
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Pioneer Trees ◽  
Tree Retention ◽  
Green Tree Retention

Forest management, fire, and herbivores are the major factors affecting regeneration of deciduous trees in boreal forests. In a large-scale experiment, we manipulated the use of prescribed burning, the level of green-tree retention and the presence of moose ( Alces alces L.) and hare ( Lepus timidus L. and Lepus europaeus Pallas) to study their effects on early regeneration of three native pioneer tree species, i.e., rowan ( Sorbus aucuparia L.), aspen ( Populus tremula L.), and silver birch ( Betula pendula Roth). Green-tree retention enhanced survival of all tested tree species. Prescribed burning enhanced the survival rate of birch and rowan, but aspen survival was only enhanced by burning on clearcuts and areas with 50 m3/ha of retention trees. Excluding moose enhanced rowan growth and birch survival. Aspen growth and survival was enhanced when both moose and hare were excluded. Seedlings were most frequently browsed on clearcuts, and most seedling mortality was caused by voles or hare. At low densities, the effect of moose on pioneer trees may be smaller than that of other herbivores or the fire–management regime. Considering the large number of species depending on pioneer trees, the results support the use of tree retention and fire as useful management alternatives not only to promote biodiversity but also to enhance regeneration of deciduous trees and reduce herbivore damage.

Long-term effects of prescribed burning, tree retention, and browsing on deciduous tree recruitment in European boreal forests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alwin A. Hardenbol ◽  
Michael den Herder ◽  
Jari Kouki
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Tree Recruitment ◽  
European Aspen ◽  
Retention Forestry

Silvicultural practices, effective fire suppression, and increased browser densities have profoundly altered structural diversity in boreal forests. Prescribed burning and retention forestry may counteract losses in structural diversity in managed forests, by maintaining higher deciduous admixture. We constructed an experiment on 18 sites with three types of timber harvesting (uncut, cut with retention, and clearcut) and burned half these sites. Subsequently, we established a herbivore treatment with three compartments (unfenced, fenced excluding moose (Alces alces), and fenced excluding moose and hares (Lepus spp.)). In these compartments, we planted rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), European aspen (Populus tremula), and silver birch (Betula pendula) seedlings, and monitored these for 17 years. Birch and rowan mortality were lower on cut and burned sites, with retention further enhancing birch survival on these sites. Retention without burning did not lower seedling mortality of any tree species. While browsing resulted in greater mortality on cut sites, burning appeared to greatly reduce browsing on birch and rowan. On mature uncut sites, seedlings of all tree species exhibited high mortality. Our findings show that deciduous tree recruitment can be improved through prescribed burning, particularly for birch and rowan, and that browsing impacts on deciduous trees depend on forest age.

scholarly journals Fire suppression and seed dispersal play critical roles in the establishment of tropical forest tree species in southeastern Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Forest Tree Species ◽  
Seed Deposition ◽  
Syzygium Guineense

AbstractThis study examined the mechanisms of facilitation and importance of seed dispersal during establishment of forest tree species in an Afrotropical woodland. Seedling survival of Syzygium guineense ssp. afromontanum was monitored for 2.5 years at four different microsites in savannah woodland in Malawi (southeastern Africa) under Ficus natalensis (a potential nurse plant), Brachystegia floribunda (a woodland tree), Uapaca kirkiana (a woodland tree), and at a treeless site. The number of naturally established forest tree seedlings in the woodland was also counted. Additionally, S. guineense ssp. afromontanum seed deposition was monitored at the four microsites. Insect damage (9% of the total cause of mortality) and trampling by ungulates (1%) had limited impact on seedling survival in this area. Fire (43%) was found to be the most important cause of seedling mortality and fire induced mortality was especially high under U. kirkiana (74%) and at treeless site (51%). The rate was comparatively low under F. natalensis (4%) and B. floribunda (23%), where fire is thought to be inhibited due to the lack of light-demanding C4 grasses. Consequently, seedling survival under F. natalensis and B. floribunda was higher compared with the other two microsites. The seedling survival rate was similar under F. natalensis (57%) and B. floribunda (59%). However, only a few S. guineense ssp. afromontanum seedlings naturally established under B. floribunda (25/285) whereas many seedlings established under F. natalensis (146/285). These findings indicate that the facilitative mechanism of fire suppression is not the only factor affecting establishment. The seed deposition investigation revealed that most of the seeds (85%) were deposited under F. natalensis. As such, these findings suggest that in addition to fire suppression, dispersal limitations also play a role in forest-savannah dynamics in this region, especially at the community level.

Green Tree Retention in Fennoscandian Forestry

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (sup003) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkka Vanha-Majamaa ◽  
Jyrki Jalonen
Keyword(s):  
Tree Retention ◽  
Green Tree Retention

scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF METABOLITES IN WOOD-FORMING TISSUES FROM EIGHT COMMERCIAL TIMBER TREE SPECIES OF HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE IN CHINA

Wood Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 746-761
Author(s):  
JIANGTAO SHI ◽  
JUNYI PENG ◽  
CHONGYANG XIA ◽  
JIAN LI
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Coniferous Trees ◽  
Timber Tree ◽  
Neutral Sugars ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Species Specific

Four coniferous and four deciduous commercial tree species from Northeastern ofChina were selected to investigate the differences ofmetabolites in wood-forming tissues bygas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the identified metabolites mainly consisted of neutral sugars, lipids, and organic acids. The mean contents of both arabinofuranose and 1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid were higher in coniferous trees thanin deciduous ones. Similarly, the D-fructose and D-glucose content was significantly higherin coniferous trees than deciduous trees, but the total contents of these two sugars was roughly equal among most tree species. The mean content of lactic acid, glycerol and malic acid was lowerin coniferous trees than deciduous trees. The malic acid content decreased in later-stages of wood formation than in early-stagefor all tree species. The content of L-proline and myo-inositol was greater in later-stage of wood formation than early-stage.The contentof octadecanoic acid, D-fructose and D-glucose decreased in later-stage of wood formationfor most tree species. All of thissuggested that the metabolites in wood-forming tissues showed the significance of species-specific and seasonal dynamic differences among the eight tree species.

scholarly journals Introduction of native tree species into degraded Cerrado vegetation

Interação ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-84
Author(s):  
Gildomar Alves dos Santos ◽  
David Francis Robert Philip Burslem ◽  
Milton Serpa de Meira Jr ◽  
Stanislau Parreira Cardozo
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
Native Tree Species

Experimental restoration using tree seedlings is a common strategy for accelerating succession on degraded post-agricultural land formerly occupied by Cerrado vegetation. Seedling growth in degraded tropical lands is constrained by various factors. The goal of this study was to evaluate the seedling growth and survival of seven native tree species used to accelerate forest recovery in a gully area with stressful environmental conditions. The experimental design involved fenced and unfenced blocks, presence and absence of fertilization and use of an adhesive to prevent ant herbivory (four treatments with four replicates). Seedlings were planted in December 2006 and collection of data on seedling basal diameter, height, mortality and herbivory started on January 24th 2007 and continued every three months, until final data collection on January 31st 2009 (9 measurement dates). Overall seedling survival was 38 % and protecting seedlings did not influence growth, but seedlings grew faster in response to the addition of fertilizer containing N, P and K. The use of the adhesive Tanglefoot to exclude leaf cutter ants had no influence on growth. Fencing reduced seedling mortality, but combining fencing with Tanglefoot did not. Nutrient availability limits seedling growth and survival in the gully. Direct planting of seedlings of native trees may accelerate succession in degraded Cerrado lands subject to interventions that overcome constraints on seedling growth and survival.

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