Impact of competition from coppicing stumps on the growth of retained trees differs in thinned Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus tricarpa plantations in southeastern Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 841-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Forrester ◽  
Courtney A. Bertram ◽  
Simon Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Competitive Effect ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Eucalypt Plantations ◽  
Coppice Management ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations ◽  
Eucalyptus Sideroxylon ◽  
Cut Stumps

Coppice growth on cut stumps in thinned Eucalyptus plantations has the potential to compete with and reduce the growth of retained sawlog crop trees (SCTs). This study examined to what extent SCT growth was reduced by coppice in two stands in southeastern Australia: (i) a Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plantation thinned at age 10 years and (ii) a slower growing Eucalyptus tricarpa L.A.S. Johnson & K. Hill (syn. Eucalyptus sideroxylon subsp. tricarpa L.A.S. Johnson) plantation thinned at age 62 years. After 5 years, thinning E. globulus from 850 to 400 trees·ha–1 increased the basal area of the largest diameter 200 SCTs·ha–1 (SCT200) by 11% when coppice was removed. There was no significant thinning response by SCT200 when coppice was retained. After 10 years, thinning E. tricarpa from about 600 to 100 trees·ha–1 increased the basal area of the largest diameter 100 SCTs trees·ha–1 (SCT100) by about 10% whether coppice was removed or not. At the time of measurement, coppice contributed 17% and 36% of stand sapwood area in thinned E. globulus and E. tricarpa treatments, respectively, and possibly competed with SCTs for water. This study shows the significant competitive effect that coppice can have in thinned eucalypt plantations and the importance of coppice management to the growth of retained trees.

Changing the face of short fiber –a review of the eucalyptus revolution

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER W. HART ◽  
RICARDO B. SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Paper Manufacturing ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Eucalypt Plantations ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations

Eucalyptus plantations have been used as a source of short fiber for papermaking for more than 40 years. The development in genetic improvement and clonal programs has produced improved density plantations that have resulted in fast growing, increased fiber volume eucalypts becoming the most widely used source of short fibers in the world. High productivity and short rotation times, along with the uniformity and improved wood quality of clonal plantations have attracted private industry investment in eucalypt plantations. Currently, only a handful of species or hybrids are used in plantation efforts. Many more species are being evaluated to either enhance fiber properties or expand the range of eucalypt plantations. Eucalyptus plantations are frequently planted on nonforested land and may be used, in part, as a means of conserving native forests while allowing the production of high quality fiber for economic uses. Finally, eucalypt plantations can provide significant carbon sinks, which may be used to help offset the carbon released from burning fossil fuels. The development and expansion of eucalypt plantations represents a substantial revolution in pulp and paper manufacturing.

The effect of local stand structure on growth and growth efficiency in heterogeneous stands of ponderosa pine and lodgepole pine in central Oregon

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2217-2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas B Mainwaring ◽  
Douglas A Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Crown Projection Area

Basal area and height growth were analyzed for individual trees in uneven-aged ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud.) stands in central Oregon. Basal area growth was modeled as a function of other stand and tree variables to address three general objectives: (1) to compare the predictive ability of distance-dependent versus distance-independent stand density variables; (2) to determine the degree to which small trees negatively affect the growth of overstory trees; and (3) to test for differences in growth efficiency between species and between indices of spatial occupancy used to define efficiency (area potentially available, crown projection area, and a surrogate for total tree leaf area). Distance-dependent variables were found to improve growth predictions when added to models with only distance-independent variables, and small trees were found to have a quantifiably negative effect on the growth of larger trees. While volume growth efficiency declined with increasing levels of spatial occupancy for lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine volume growth efficiency was greatest at the highest levels of crown base sapwood area and crown projection area. The behavior in ponderosa pine resulted from the previously recognized correlation between tree height and total leaf area or crown size. The final statistical models distinguished between the positive effect of relative height and the negative effect of increasing tree size.

scholarly journals Using Tree Detection Algorithms to Predict Stand Sapwood Area, Basal Area and Stocking Density in Eucalyptus regnans Forest

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 7298-7323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Jaskierniak ◽  
George Kuczera ◽  
Richard Benyon ◽  
Luke Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Stocking Density ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Eucalyptus Regnans ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Tree Detection

Intertree competition in uneven-aged ponderosa pine stands

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1719-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
C W Woodall ◽  
C E Fiedler ◽  
K S Milner
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Competition Indices

Intertree competition indices and effects were examined in 14 uneven-aged ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.) stands in eastern Montana. Location, height, diameter at breast height (DBH), basal area increment, crown ratio, and sapwood area were determined for each tree (DBH >3.8 cm) on one stem-mapped plot (0.2-0.4 ha) in each sample stand. Based on tree locations, various competition indices were derived for each sample tree and correlated with its growth efficiency by diameter class. In addition, trends in individual tree attributes by diameter class and level of surrounding competition were determined. For trees with a DBH <10 cm, growth efficiency was most strongly correlated with the sum of surrounding tree heights within 10.6 m. The index most highly correlated for larger trees was the sum of surrounding basal area within 6.1 m. Regardless of tree size, individual tree growth efficiency, basal area increment, and crown ratio all decreased under increasing levels of competition, with the effect more pronounced in smaller trees. These results suggest that individual trees in uneven-aged stands experience competition from differing sources at varying scales based on their size, with response to competition diminishing as tree size increases.

Tree vigor and stand growth of Douglas-fir as influenced by laminated root rot

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 985-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Oren ◽  
Walter G. Thies ◽  
Richard H. Waring
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stand Basal Area

Total stand sapwood basal area, a measure of competing canopy leaf area, was reduced 30% by laminated root rot induced by Phellinusweirii (Murr.) Gilb. in a heavily infected 40-year-old coastal stand of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) compared with that of a similar uninfected stand. Annual basal area increment per unit of sapwood area, an index of tree vigor, was expected to increase in uninfected trees in the infected stand as surrounding trees died from root rot; vigor of the uninfected trees did increase by an average of 30%, offsetting the reduction in canopy leaf area. This increase, although less than might be expected in an evenly spaced thinned stand, was sufficient to maintain stand basal area growth at levels similar to those of unthinned forests. These findings indicate that increased growth by residual trees must be taken into account when the impact of disease-induced mortality on stand production is assessed.

Biomass and Nutrient Accumulation in a Planted E. globulus (Labill.) Fertilizer Trial

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
RN Cromer ◽  
ER Williams
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Maximum Accumulation ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Four Levels

The above ground biomass of Eucalyptus globulus was estimated four times during 9.5 years in a plantation treated with four levels of fertilizer. A linear relationship between biomass components and tree basal area was appropriate up to 4 years of age but the allometric relationship was more suitable in subsequent years. A biomass of 3 kg m-2 took 9 . 5 years to accumulate in unfertilized plots compared with 4 years in heavily fertilized plots. Net primary production reached 1 , 5 kg m-2 year-1 in the heavily fertilized plots between 6 and 9.5 years of age. Nitrogen accumulation in heavily fertilized plots reached a peak of 2.6 g m-2 year-1 before 2 years of age compared with a plateau of 0.8 g m-2 year-1 in unfertilized plots. Maximum accumulation of phosphorus in heavily fertilized and unfertilized trees was 0.25 and 0.10 g m-2 year-1 respectively. The effect of fertilizer on nutrient accumulation disappeared during the period from 6 to 9.5 years.

scholarly journals Resource Communication. Temporal optimization of fuel treatment design in blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus) plantations

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. eRC09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Martin ◽  
Brigite Botequim ◽  
Tiago M. Oliveira ◽  
Alan Ager ◽  
Francesco Pirotti
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Fuel Treatments ◽  
Fuel Treatment ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Wildfire Risk ◽  
Forest Management Planning ◽  
Eucalypt Plantations

Aim of study: This study was conducted to support fire and forest management planning in eucalypt plantations based on economic, ecological and fire prevention criteria, with a focus on strategic prioritisation of fuel treatments over time. The central objective was to strategically locate fuel treatments to minimise losses from wildfire while meeting budget constraints and demands for wood supply for the pulp industry and conserving carbon.Area of study: The study area was located in Serra do Socorro (Torres Vedras, Portugal, covering ~1449 ha) of predominantly Eucalyptus globulus Labill forests managedcultivated for pulpwood by The Navigator Company.Material and methods: At each of four temporal stages (2015-2018-2021-2024) we simulated: (1) surface and canopy fuels, timber volume (m3 ha-1) and carbon storage (Mg ha-1); (2) fire behaviour characteristics, i.e. rate of spread (m min-1), and flame length (m), with FlamMap fire modelling software; (3) optimal treatment locations as determined by the Landscape Treatment Designer (LTD).Main results: The higher pressure of fire behaviour in the earlier stages of the study period triggered most of the spatial fuel treatments within eucalypt plantations in a juvenile stage. At later stages fuel treatments also included shrublands areas. The results were consistent with observations and simulation results that show high fire hazard in juvenile eucalypt stands.Research highlights: Forest management planning in commercial eucalypt plantations can potentially accomplish multiple objectives such as augmenting profits and sustaining ecological assets while reducing wildfire risk at landscape scale. However, limitations of simulation models including FlamMap and LTD are important to recognise in studies of long term wildfire management strategies.Keywords: Eucalypt plantations; Fire hazard; FlamMap; fuel treatment optimisation; Landscape Treatment Designer; wildfire risk management.

scholarly journals Silvicultura de plantaciones de Eucaliptos para productos de madera sólida de alto valor en el Sur de Australia = Silviculture of eucalypt plantations in Southern Australia for high-value solid wood products

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
T.G. Baker ◽  
P.W. Volker
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Eucalypt Plantations ◽  
El Sistema

La mayoría de las plantaciones de Eucalyptus han sido establecidas en la región templada de Australia (Australia Occidental, Australia Meridional, Victoria y Tasmania). Eucalyptus globulus es la principal especie en el área, con casi todas las plantaciones bajo el sistema de rotación corta para la producción de pulpa. En Tasmania y en Victoria, tal como en Chile, E. nitens ha sido utilizado como un sustituto de E. globulus, particularmente donde las bajas temperaturas son una limitante para esta última especie. La creciente reserva de bosques naturales, que han sido la fuente del tradicional recurso de la madera aserrada, ha despertado el interés en los productos de madera sólida de estas nuevas plantaciones de Eucalyptus. Hay resistencia a la utilización de la madera solida de Eucalyptus proveniente de plantaciones, principalmente de las industrias procesadoras debido a las dudas sobre la calidad de la madera y la idoneidad de las trozas para el procesamiento. Se requerirán muchas investigaciones para despejar estos temores. Este artículo describe algunos resultados de las investigaciones sobre las propiedades madereras y silvícolas de las plantaciones de Eucalyptus en el sur de Australia, además de las actuales prioridades y actividades de investigación.

scholarly journals The beetle Costalimaita ferruginea (Coleoptera: Chysomelidae) in Eucalyptus plantations in transition area of Amazon and Cerrado Biomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. R. Dias ◽  
E. M. Pires ◽  
A. P. Souza ◽  
A. A. Tanaka ◽  
E. B. Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Damage ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Transition Area ◽  
Eucalypt Plantations ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Region ◽  
New Occurrences

Abstract Costalimaita ferruginea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) attacks Eucalyptus plants causing severe damage through netting of the leaves. Recently, this Coleoptera has been reported attacking Myrtaceae in Mato Grosso State and, studies about the occurrence of this beetle in commercial plantations of eucalypts has been the subject of researchers through monitoring programmes in the forest protection area. With the beginning of the rainy season, adults were observed causing damage in eucalypt plantations in four cities that are part of the transition region of Amazon and Cerrado Biomes. The spots where these insects were observed are located in Feliz Natal, Lucas do Rio Verde, Sorriso and Vera. The purpose of this study was to report the new occurrences and to characterize the attack period of the beetle C. ferruginea in Eucalyptus plantations in Middle-North region of Mato Grosso State, region of Biomes Transition.

Fueling the Colonial Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-210
Author(s):  
Ruth A. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Environmental Histories ◽  
The Many ◽  
Blue Gum

As its record in California, southern India, and elsewhere suggests, of the many biotic exchanges of the long nineteenth century, the case of the Australian blue gum tree (Eucalyptus globulus) is one that especially transcends bilateral, spatial, or imperial framing. The blue gum instead invites more material and temporal perspectives to its spread: since its reputation accrued over time in diverse colonial settings, its adoption was contingent on the extent to which local tree cover was feared to have been depleted, and its growth was hoped to secure the futures of colonial states. Focusing on nineteenth-century understandings of the biological characteristics of the blue gum in southeastern Australia, South Asia and California, and the circulation of this knowledge between these sites, this article draws on the insights of neo-materialism to argue that this tree’s value and importance lay in its perceived ability to rapidly provide fuel wood for the empowerment of colonial states. This article is part of the “Crossroads of Indo-Pacific Environmental Histories” special issue of Pacific Historical Review.

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