Growth of the particle hoard share of production of wood-based panels in industrialized countries

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-391
Author(s):  
Joseph Buongiorno ◽  
Ronald A. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The growth of the share of particle board production (measured as a fraction of total wood-based panels) has been analyzed using data from 25 industrialized countries. The trends in each country during the period 1955–1973 were represented by logistic models, analysis of which suggested the following conclusions. The particle board share of panel production was expected to reach a long-term maximum which could be estimated for most industrialized countries; this maximum varied widely from country to country. In most countries, except for Canada, Finland, Sweden, and the United States, the particle board share seemed close to having reached its long-term maximum in 1973. Countries in which the particle board share grew more initially slowly tended to be those in which the long-term maximum share was higher. The long-term maximum share of particle board was significantly lower in eastern European countries than in market economies. Using information from the other 21 countries allowed inferences regarding the long-term growth of particle board in Canada, Finland, Sweden, and the United States where particle board is still a small part of total panel production. Increasing distance from the Democratic Republic of Germany, which initiated particle board production, and the availability of a large supply of roundwood have generally delayed the time of adoption of particle board. Other things being equal, the growth rates of the particle board share of total panel production appeared to be higher in countries with high economic growth and lower in countries with high wood availability.

scholarly journals Multidimensional comparison of countries’ adaptation to societal aging

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (37) ◽  
pp. 9169-9174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Chen ◽  
Dana P. Goldman ◽  
Julie Zissimopoulos ◽  
John W. Rowe ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Aging Societies

As long-term changes in life expectancy and fertility drive the emergence of aging societies across the globe, individual countries vary widely in the development of age-relevant policies and programs. While failure to adapt to the demographic transformation carries not only important financial risks but also social risks, most efforts to gauge countries’ preparedness focus on economic indicators. Using data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and other sources, we developed a multidimensional Aging Society Index that assesses the status of older populations across five specific domains, including productivity and engagement, well-being, equity, economic and physical security, and intergenerational cohesion. For 18 OECD countries, the results demonstrate substantial diversity in countries’ progress in adapting to aging. For any given domain, there are wide differences across countries, and within most countries, there is substantial variation across domains. Overall, Norway and Sweden rank first in adaptation to aging, followed by the United States, The Netherlands, and Japan. Central and eastern European countries rank at the bottom, with huge untapped potential for successful aging. The United States ranks best in productivity and engagement, in the top half for cohesion, and in the middle in well-being, but it ranks third from the bottom in equity. Only well-being and security showed significant between-domain correlation (r = 0.59, P = 0.011), strengthening the case for a multidimensional index. Examination of heterogeneity within and across domains of the index can be used to assess the need for, and effectiveness of, various programs and policies and facilitate successful adaptation to the demographic transition.

People's Republic of China as an Engine of Growth for Developing Asia?

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghyun Park ◽  
Kwanho Shin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Positive Effect

Developing Asia has traditionally relied on exports to the United States and other industrialized countries for demand and growth. As a result, the collapse of exports to the United States and other industrialized countries during the 2008–09 global financial crisis has sharply curtailed GDP growth across the region. The emergence of the People's Republic of China (PRC) as a globally influential economic force is fueling hopes that it can supplement the United States as an additional source of demand and growth. The central objective of this paper is to investigate whether exports to the PRC has a significant and positive effect on the GDP of eight developing Asian countries. Although the study's results indicate that exports to the PRC contributed to developing Asian countries' recovery from the global crisis, it is far too early to make well-informed judgments about the PRC's ability to support Asia's growth in the medium and long term.

scholarly journals Long-Term Survivors of Breast Cancer: A Growing Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeem Bilani ◽  
Elizabeth Blessing Elimimian ◽  
Leah Elson ◽  
Hong Liang ◽  
Zeina Nahleh
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Stage Migration ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Breast cancer represents the most common malignancy among women. However, due to effective public health campaigns and updated screening guidelines, the annual incidence of late stage diagnoses has fallen. This stage migration has allowed for better prognosis and more women achieving long-term survival. In this chapter, we review long-term survivorship – defined as 10 years from diagnosis – as reported in the United States and around the world. Additionally, we provide analysis for socio-demographic, clinical and pathologic factors associated with 10-year survival, using data from a large national registry. This chapter also utilizes historical case data to forecast stage migration patterns in breast cancer diagnoses, within the United States, to 2030. Finally, we discuss the effects of the novel coronavirus pandemic on breast cancer treatment and access to care, with a review of clinical considerations for the future.

scholarly journals “There would be no unilateral détente!”: financial sector of theCOMECON countries in the late 1970s – early 1980s as a source of Western political influence

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-147
Author(s):  
Roman Aleksandrovich Yakupov ◽  
Dar'ya Viktorovna Yakupova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Member States ◽  
Western European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Impact

The object of this research is the processes that took place in the COMECON member-states due instability of the financial sector. The subject of this research is the impact of the economic factor upon the evolution of bipolar system of international relations and sociopolitical sustainability of the Soviet Union during the 1979 – 1983. The article provides a scientific assessment of extent of awareness of the US intelligence on the financial solvency of the COMECON member-states, their ability to meet repayment schedules for both interest and debts, and the consequences of possible default of any of the countries during the financial crisis. The authors set the task to analyze the target points of foreign analytics regarding the “dependency” of Western European enterprises on their Eastern business partners, as well as clarify the extent to which a significant decline in trade between the East and the West affected the Soviet and Western European economy. The use of unpublished foreign and domestic archival documents, as well as foreign periodicals define the novelty of this research. This article is first to disclose the information on how the United States turned the severe financial problems of Eastern European countries for the purpose of political pressure on such issues as Afghanistan, crisis in Poland, and construction of the Soviet gas pipeline. Leaning on the introduced into the scientific discourse CIA documents, assessment is given to the effectiveness of trade and economic policy of the United States and its Western European allies in relation to Eastern Europe. The article also analyses the support of centrifugal tendencies in the economy of the Eastern European countries of the Soviet bloc.

The International Claims Commission of the United States: August 28, 1950- June 30, 1953

1953 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvonko R. Rode
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War I ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
World War ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Foreign Government ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Moderate Scale

Expropriation of property belonging to aliens in foreign countries was unusual prior to World War I. Occasional cases could be found, but such expropriation was always restricted to one or a few owners of property who, for various reasons, came into conflict with a foreign government. Wholesale expropriation of foreign-owned property began on a moderate scale in Mexico in 1915, and was later expanded in that country. Expropriation of all kinds of property, including foreign property, was introduced by Soviet Russia after the 1917 revolution. After World War I some Eastern European countries, such as Poland, Rumania, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia, began to expropriate the large agrarian estates of the former German, Austrian, and Hungarian nobility and other rich landowners. These expropriations were, by the terms of the agrarian reform laws, based upon compensation to be paid by the respective states.

scholarly journals Kto wygrał II wojnę światową, a kto przegrał pokój? Refleksje na kanwie 70. rocznicy zakończenia II wojny światowej

2016 ◽  
pp. 11-34
Author(s):  
Józef M. Fiszer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
World War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern European Countries

This article is an attempt to answer the questions that have long been bothering historians, political scientists, sociologists and lawyers, as well as ordinary people, nationals of the former anti-Hitler coalition and members of the fascist Berlin-Rome-Tokyo coalition: namely, who really won World War II and who lost the peace that put an end to the war in Europe and the world? Who had reasons to celebrate victory, and who suffered a bitter defeat and enslavement?The main thesis of this article is the observation that, in military terms, World War II was won by the states belonging to the anti-fascist coalition, and lost by Germany, Italy, Japan and their allies. However, in political and economic terms, World War II was won by Western countries led by the United States, and lost by Central and Eastern European countries, with the Soviet Union at the forefront. In international terms, the war and peace were won primarily by the United States and the Soviet Union. These countries have become global superpowers that created a new international order, called the Yalta-Potsdam governance.

scholarly journals Early Signs Indicate That COVID-19 Is Exacerbating Gender Inequality in the Labor Force

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237802312094799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Christin Landivar ◽  
Leah Ruppanner ◽  
William J. Scarborough ◽  
Caitlyn Collins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
The United States ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Parental Status ◽  
Using Data

In this data visualization, the authors examine how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis in the United States has affected labor force participation, unemployment, and work hours across gender and parental status. Using data from the Current Population Survey, the authors compare estimates between February and April 2020 to examine the period of time before the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States to the height of the first wave, when stay-at-home orders were issued across the country. The findings illustrate that women, particularly mothers, have employment disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Mothers are more likely than fathers to exit the labor force and become unemployed. Among heterosexual married couples of which both partners work in telecommuting-capable occupations, mothers have scaled back their work hours to a far greater extent than fathers. These patterns suggest that the COVID-19 crisis is already worsening existing gender inequality, with long-term implications for women’s employment.

Compensation for Nationalized Property: The British Practice

1955 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-486
Author(s):  
Alfred Drucker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Means Of Production

The United Kingdom, like the United States, tried after the last war to protect the interests of its citizens in the many Central and Eastern European countries in which first the means of production and not much later the means of distribution were “nationalized.” Its success in these endeavors was about as disappointing as that of the United States. Neither the United Kingdom nor the United States succeeded in protecting in these countries the individual rights of their citizens by means of diplomatic intervention. The disintegration of the conception of property rights in Europe has gone so far that no individual claimant seems to have been able to obtain full satisfaction. Only where timely economic countermeasures were taken against the confiscating states could compensation agreements be concluded which provide for some measure of compensation.

GLOBALIZATION IN SECURITY STRATEGIES OF SOME COUNTRIES ASPIRING TO BE SUPERPOWERS

2012 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Weronika JAKUBCZAK
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Trade Relationships ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Aspiring superpowers approach globalization in a special way: attempting to minimize its effects that can harm them and maximize those that they find beneficial.Nowadays, neither Germany nor India enforce policies designed to achieve a global superpower position in such an aggressive way as the United States. Germany, in particular, is focused on cooperation with the countries with which it has historically-established close trade relationships. It mainly concerns its neighboring countries, i.e. Central and Eastern European countries or Russia, not excluding the ones located as far as China. India, however, enhances its position in the region and builds relationships as an aspiring superpower from scratch. This results from the fact that for many years it has maintained its relations with other countries from the region on different terms than Germany with its partners used to.

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