scholarly journals Long-Term Survivors of Breast Cancer: A Growing Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeem Bilani ◽  
Elizabeth Blessing Elimimian ◽  
Leah Elson ◽  
Hong Liang ◽  
Zeina Nahleh
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Stage Migration ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Breast cancer represents the most common malignancy among women. However, due to effective public health campaigns and updated screening guidelines, the annual incidence of late stage diagnoses has fallen. This stage migration has allowed for better prognosis and more women achieving long-term survival. In this chapter, we review long-term survivorship – defined as 10 years from diagnosis – as reported in the United States and around the world. Additionally, we provide analysis for socio-demographic, clinical and pathologic factors associated with 10-year survival, using data from a large national registry. This chapter also utilizes historical case data to forecast stage migration patterns in breast cancer diagnoses, within the United States, to 2030. Finally, we discuss the effects of the novel coronavirus pandemic on breast cancer treatment and access to care, with a review of clinical considerations for the future.

scholarly journals Long-Term Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of Breast Cancer Screening With Digital Breast Tomosynthesis in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 582-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn P Lowry ◽  
Amy Trentham-Dietz ◽  
Clyde B Schechter ◽  
Oguzhan Alagoz ◽  
William E Barlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Breast Tomosynthesis

Abstract Background Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is increasingly being used for routine breast cancer screening. We projected the long-term impact and cost-effectiveness of DBT compared to conventional digital mammography (DM) for breast cancer screening in the United States. Methods Three Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network breast cancer models simulated US women ages 40 years and older undergoing breast cancer screening with either DBT or DM starting in 2011 and continuing for the lifetime of the cohort. Screening performance estimates were based on observational data; in an alternative scenario, we assumed 4% higher sensitivity for DBT. Analyses used federal payer perspective; costs and utilities were discounted at 3% annually. Outcomes included breast cancer deaths, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), false-positive examinations, costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Results Compared to DM, DBT screening resulted in a slight reduction in breast cancer deaths (range across models 0–0.21 per 1000 women), small increase in QALYs (1.97–3.27 per 1000 women), and a 24–28% reduction in false-positive exams (237–268 per 1000 women) relative to DM. ICERs ranged from $195 026 to $270 135 per QALY for DBT relative to DM. When assuming 4% higher DBT sensitivity, ICERs decreased to $130 533–$156 624 per QALY. ICERs were sensitive to DBT costs, decreasing to $78 731 to $168 883 and $52 918 to $118 048 when the additional cost of DBT was reduced to $36 and $26 (from baseline of $56), respectively. Conclusion DBT reduces false-positive exams while achieving similar or slightly improved health benefits. At current reimbursement rates, the additional costs of DBT screening are likely high relative to the benefits gained; however, DBT could be cost-effective at lower screening costs.

scholarly journals Divergent Patterns and Trends in Breast Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Survival Among Older Women in Germany and the United States

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2419
Author(s):  
Lina Jansen ◽  
Bernd Holleczek ◽  
Klaus Kraywinkel ◽  
Janick Weberpals ◽  
Chloé Charlotte Schröder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Background: Breast cancer treatment has changed tremendously over the last decades. In addition, the use of mammography screening for early detection has increased strongly. To evaluate the impact of these developments, long-term trends in incidence, mortality, stage distribution and survival were investigated for Germany and the United States (US). Methods: Using population-based cancer registry data, long-term incidence and mortality trends (1975–2015), shifts in stage distributions (1998–2015), and trends in five-year relative survival (1979–2015) were estimated. Additionally, trends in five-year relative survival after standardization for stage were explored (2004–2015). Results: Age-standardized breast cancer incidence rates were much higher in the US than in Germany in all periods, whereas age-standardized mortality began to lower in the US from the 1990s on. The largest and increasing differences were observed for patients aged 70+ years with a 19% lower incidence but 45% higher mortality in Germany in 2015. For this age group, large differences in stage distributions were observed, with 29% (Germany) compared to 15% (US) stage III and IV patients. Age-standardized five-year relative survival increased strongly between 1979–1983 and 2013–2015 in Germany (+17% units) and the US (+19% units) but was 9% units lower in German patients aged 70+ years in 2013–2015. This difference was entirely explained by differences in stage distributions. Conclusions: Overall, our results are in line with a later uptake and less extensive utilization of mammography screening in Germany. Further studies and efforts are highly needed to further explore and overcome the increased breast cancer mortality among elderly women in Germany.

scholarly journals Early Signs Indicate That COVID-19 Is Exacerbating Gender Inequality in the Labor Force

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237802312094799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Christin Landivar ◽  
Leah Ruppanner ◽  
William J. Scarborough ◽  
Caitlyn Collins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
The United States ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Parental Status ◽  
Using Data

In this data visualization, the authors examine how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis in the United States has affected labor force participation, unemployment, and work hours across gender and parental status. Using data from the Current Population Survey, the authors compare estimates between February and April 2020 to examine the period of time before the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States to the height of the first wave, when stay-at-home orders were issued across the country. The findings illustrate that women, particularly mothers, have employment disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Mothers are more likely than fathers to exit the labor force and become unemployed. Among heterosexual married couples of which both partners work in telecommuting-capable occupations, mothers have scaled back their work hours to a far greater extent than fathers. These patterns suggest that the COVID-19 crisis is already worsening existing gender inequality, with long-term implications for women’s employment.

Growth of the particle hoard share of production of wood-based panels in industrialized countries

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-391
Author(s):  
Joseph Buongiorno ◽  
Ronald A. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The growth of the share of particle board production (measured as a fraction of total wood-based panels) has been analyzed using data from 25 industrialized countries. The trends in each country during the period 1955–1973 were represented by logistic models, analysis of which suggested the following conclusions. The particle board share of panel production was expected to reach a long-term maximum which could be estimated for most industrialized countries; this maximum varied widely from country to country. In most countries, except for Canada, Finland, Sweden, and the United States, the particle board share seemed close to having reached its long-term maximum in 1973. Countries in which the particle board share grew more initially slowly tended to be those in which the long-term maximum share was higher. The long-term maximum share of particle board was significantly lower in eastern European countries than in market economies. Using information from the other 21 countries allowed inferences regarding the long-term growth of particle board in Canada, Finland, Sweden, and the United States where particle board is still a small part of total panel production. Increasing distance from the Democratic Republic of Germany, which initiated particle board production, and the availability of a large supply of roundwood have generally delayed the time of adoption of particle board. Other things being equal, the growth rates of the particle board share of total panel production appeared to be higher in countries with high economic growth and lower in countries with high wood availability.

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