The prediction of understory vegetation by environmental factors for the purpose of site classification in forestry: an example from northern Ontario using residual ordination analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Carleton ◽  
R. K. Jones ◽  
G. Pierpoint
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Local Composition ◽  
Ecosystem Classification ◽  
Ordination Analysis

Problems arise in the use of understory vegetation as an indicator of site condition in that impermanent factors such as microclimate, succession, and chance may play significant roles in determining local composition. Residual ordination analysis is a method which facilitates quantification of the sources of variation in understory vegetation over a landscape. Here it is applied to survey data, representing 250 stands upon which the forest ecosystem classification programme for the Clay Belt portion of northeastern Ontario is based, to test the premise that vegetation types will differentiate soil conditions for forestry purposes. Ordination of the data by detrended correspondence analysis yielded a bivariate scatterplot which, through visual appraisal, seemed readily interpretable in terms of site-related nutrient and moisture gradients. Formal exploration, using canonical redundancy analysis, yielded the following predictive model: understory vegetation (detrended correspondence analysis axes 1 and 2) = soils (67%) + canopy (8%) + succession (1%) + error (24%). Extraction of residual ordinations confirmed this general model and demonstrated that although canopy and successional influences are minor in the data, they are significant. Because the nonsite-related, predictable components account for only 9% of the variation at most, the premise of the existing forest ecosystem classification system is judged to be sound insofar as the data upon which it is based adequately describe the range of commercial stand conditions normally encountered. The results are discussed in relation to vegetation survey design and the performance of residual ordination analysis on a large data set is assessed.

scholarly journals The vegetation types and management units of Goedverwacht farm in the mixed bushveld of the Northern Province, South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Breebaart ◽  
M. Deutschlander
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Northern Province ◽  
Computer Programme ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Management Units ◽  
Floristic Data

An analysis of the vegetation of Goedverwacht farm in the mixed bushveld of the Northern Province is presented. Releves were compiled in 33 stratified random sample plots. Eight distinct plant communities were identified by means ofBraun-Blanquet pro-cedures. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) was applied to the floristic data set using the computer programme DECORANA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis) to determine a probable environmental gradient and to facilitate in the identification of management units. The computer programme CANOCO (Canonical Correspondence Analysis) was used to apply canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to the floristic data set. Two management units were determined by means of vegetation ordinations and soil data. A classification, description and ecological interpretation of the plant communities as well as a description of the management units are presented.

Synanthropic vegetation of the Eragrostion cilianensi-minoris alliance in the Czech Republic

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radomír Němec ◽  
Zdeňka Lososová ◽  
Pavel Dřevojan ◽  
Kristýna Žáková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Synanthropic Vegetation ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Twinspan Classification ◽  
Southern Moravia

AbstractA synthesis of the alliance Eragrostion cilianensi-minoris in the Czech Republic is presented on the basis of 82 relevés including new unpublished data. A TWINSPAN classification and detrended correspondence analysis were used to identify the main vegetation types included in the alliance Eragrostion cilianensi-minoris. A syntaxonomic revision of the data set revealed five associations of the alliance: Digitario sanguinalis-Eragrostietum minoris, Portulacetum oleraceae, Eragrostio poaeoidis-Panicetum capillaris, Cynodontetum dactyli, and Hibisco trioni-Eragrostietum poaeoidis. The latter was recently found in several arable fields in Southern Moravia (Czech Republic) and was newly characterized.

scholarly journals Differentiation of vegetation in a saline grassland in the vicinity of Inowrocław soda plants at Mątwy

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Piernik ◽  
Ewa Kaźmierczak ◽  
Lucjan Rutkowski
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Ordination Techniques ◽  
Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster Analysis

In the course of two growing seasons (1992 and 1993) there was investigated the zonation of vegetation with reference to soil conditions at the saline grassland in the vicinity of Inowrocław Soda Plants at Mątwy town. In data analysis there were used: classification method - hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis and as well as two ordination techniques: Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). As a result of the classification analysis five vegetation zones were distinguished, related to the following communities: community with <em>Festuca rubra</em>, <em>Potentillo Festucetum arundinaceae</em>, community with <em>Euphorbia lucida</em> and <em>Phragmites australis</em>, <em>Triglochino-Glaucetum maritimae</em> and <em>Puccinellio distantis-Salicornietum brachystachyae</em>. The ordination techniques used in the analysis have demonstrated that out of the measured soil properties the most essential part, in the formation of the grassland vegetation zonation, played the content of chloride ions (which was used here as the main salinity measure), while moisture and pH were of minor importance. All the measured environmental factors accounted for only a low percentage (26.5% in 1992 and 17.2% in 1993) of the total vegetation variation, what might suggest that besides chloride ions another factor might have affected the development of zonation.

Ordinating tropical moth ensembles from an elevational gradient: a comparison of common methods

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Brehm ◽  
Konrad Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Montane Rain Forest ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Morisita's Index

The analysis of beta diversity (inter-habitat diversity) of very species-rich and incompletely sampled tropical arthropod communities requires the choice of appropriate statistical tools. The performance of the three commonly employed ordination methods, correspondence analysis (CA), detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), was compared on a large empirical data set of geometrid moths sampled along an altitudinal gradient in an Andean montane rain forest. Despite the high species richness and incompleteness of the ensembles, all methods depicted the same, readily interpretable patterns. Both CA and NMDS showed an arch-like structure, which hints at an underlying coenocline, whereas this arch was computationally eliminated in DCA. For this particular data set, CA and NMDS both provided convincing results while the detrending algorithm of DCA did not improve the interpretability of the data. Of the large number of similarity indices available to be used in combination with NMDS, the binary Sørensen and the abundance-based Normalized Expected Species Shared (NESS) index were tested. Performance of the indices was measured by comparing stress, a measure of poorness-of-fit in NMDS. NMDS ordinations with lowest values of stress were achieved by the NESS index with the parameter m set to its maximum (mmax). In contrast, ordinations based on NESS values with the parameter m set to 1 (identical with Morisita's index), had consistently higher stress values and performed worse than ordinations using Sørensen's index. Hence, if high values of m can be achieved in similar data sets, the NESS index with mmax is recommended for ordination purposes and Morisita's index should be avoided.

Pattern and vegetation–environment relationships in a boreal forested wetland in northeastern Ontario

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Jeglum ◽  
Fangliang He
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Forested Wetland ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A forested wetland data set from northeastern Ontario, consisting of species cover and environmental measures in 43 stands, was analyzed with canonical correspondence analysis. Results showed two main vegetational gradients related to factor complexes of peat depth – moisture (mire margin to mire expanse) and pH–calcium. Stands within each of the vegetation types were positioned closely, and gradients of types were similar to those from earlier analyses, suggesting the validity of a previous classification. Axis I of the ordination was highly related to peat depth, several elements (Al, Fe, and Cu), loss on ignition, bulk density, and water content in peat. Axis II was highly related to loss on ignition, depth of fibric layer, pH, and several elements (Ca, Mg, Mn, and N). The number of species in a plot was strongly correlated to the pH–calcium gradient, whereas vegetation cover was strongly correlated to the peat depth – moisture gradient. Analysis with detrended correspondence analysis gave results very similar to canonical correspondence analysis, suggesting that there was a relatively high correspondence between vegetational and environmental gradients. Environmental measures were partitioned into physical and chemical attributes, to detect the relative contribution to vegetational variation. Both physical and chemical variables were important, and 81% of the variation in vegetation was explained by the environmental measures. Key words: boreal forest, multivariate analysis, Ontario, wetlands, vegetation pattern, diversity.

scholarly journals Plant communities of the Soutpansberg Arid Northern Bushveld

Koedoe ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo H.C. Mostert ◽  
George J. Bredenkamp ◽  
Rachel E. Mostert
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Themeda Triandra ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Event Driven ◽  
Vegetation Maps ◽  
Single Data

The Soutpansberg Arid Northern Bushveld is one of eight major vegetation types (MVT) described for the Soutpansberg-Blouberg region. The plant communities of this MVT are described in detail. Main ecological drivers of the vegetation structure and species composition of these communities are discussed and some conservation recommendations are made. Phytosociological data from a subset of 72 Braun-Blanquet sample plots collected in the Soutpansberg Arid Northern Bushveld were classified using Two-way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) and ordinated using a Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DECORANA). The resulting classification was further refined with table-sorting procedures based on the Braun-Blanquet floristic-sociological approach to vegetation classification using the computer software MEGATAB and JUICE. Eight plant communities were identified and described as Commiphora tenuipetiolata-Adansonia digitata short open woodland, Ledebouria ovatifolia-Commiphora mollis short bushland, Phyllanthus reticulatus-Acacia nigrescens short bushland, Tinnea rhodesiana-Combretum apiculatum short bushland, Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. africana-Spirostachys africana low thickets, Themeda triandra-Pterocarpus rotundifolius short closed grassland on steep basaltic slopes, Cyperus albostriatus-Syzygium cordatum sandveld wetlands, and Sesamothamnus lugardii-Catophractes alexandri tall sparse shrubland. These plant communities are event-driven ecosystems, predominantly infl uenced by frequent droughts, exposure to desiccation and unpredictable rainfall events. The complex topography of the Soutpansberg further contributes to the aridity of these ecosystems. The classifi cation and ordination analyses show similar groupings in the vegetation of the Soutpansberg Arid Mountain Bushveld. This confi rms the usefulness of complimentary analysis, using both classifi cation and ordination methods on a single data set in order to examine patterns and to search for group structure.Conservation implications: The results from this study will alter existing regional vegetation maps profoundly. The described plant communities of these arid event-driven ecosystems should be used as benchmark examples of the region’s primary vegetation. Conservation and management planning should be based on these vegetation units.

scholarly journals Identification of the important environmental factors influencing natural vegetation succession following cropland abandonment on the Loess Plateau, China

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10349
Author(s):  
Zhenguo Zhang ◽  
Mingming Wang ◽  
Jikai Liu ◽  
Xinwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Classification Tree ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Vegetation Succession ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Cropland Abandonment

Identification of typical vegetation succession types and their important influencing factors is an important prerequisite to implement differential vegetation and soil management after land abandonment on the Loess Plateau, China. However, there is no reported study specifically on the identification of vegetation types and their important factors as well as the thresholds of the important factors for classification of the vegetation types, based on the medium- to long-term succession of natural vegetation after cropland abandonment. We collected vegetation and soil data on the natural vegetation with the longest 60-year-old forest communities that developed after cropland abandonment and analyzed the data using two-way indicator species analysis, detrended correspondence analysis, direct canonical correspondence analysis and classification tree model. The vegetation communities were classified into five distinct vegetation types, including Artemisia scoparia, Lespedeza davurica and Stipa bungeana, Artemisia giraldii pamp, Sophora viciifolia, Quercus liaotungensis and Biota orientalis. The years after cropland abandonment and soil C/N were further identified as important factors determining the types of vegetation. Likewise, it was observed that most of the investigated soil nutrient variables and soil texture-related variables improved with the vegetation succession while soil water in the surface layers showed a decreasing trend. These findings may provide an ecological basis for site-specific management of vegetation types after cropland abandonment in the medium-long term on the Loess Plateau. Our results encourage further exploration of vegetation succession and their important factors based on longer periods of vegetation succession after cropland abandonment under more soil and climatic conditions on the mountainous areas as the Loess Plateau.

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