Host range and geographic distribution of Armillaria root rot pathogens in the Canadian prairie provinces

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1859-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. Mallett
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Armillaria Root Rot ◽  
Armillaria Species ◽  
Prairie Provinces

A survey to identify Armillaria root rot pathogens, their host range, and geographic distribution was conducted in the Canadian prairie provinces. Collections of basidiocarps and isolates from the wood of gymptomatic or dead trees were made. Armillaria species were identified by interfertility testing and by the L-DOPA method. Three Armillaria species, A. ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink, A. sinapina Bérubé & Dessureault, and A. calvescens Bérubé & Dessureault, were identified. Armillariaostoyae was the most common species in both the subalpine and boreal forests and was found on a wide variety of coniferous and deciduous host species. Armillariasinapina was in both the boreal and subalpine forests but occurred primarily on deciduous host species. Armillariacalvescens was rare and was found only in the boreal forest on both coniferous and deciduous host species.

Nematodes and cestodes of rodents in South Africa: baseline data on diversity and geographic distribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Spickett ◽  
K. Junker ◽  
G. Froeschke ◽  
V. Haukisalmi ◽  
S. Matthee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Abstract Currently, descriptive information on the host range and geographic distribution of helminth parasites associated with naturally occurring rodents in South and southern Africa is scant. Therefore, we embarked on a countrywide study to: (1) identify gastrointestinal helminths and their host range, and (2) provide baseline data on the geographic distribution of helminths across the country. Altogether, 55 helminth taxa were recovered from at least 13 rodent species (n = 1030) at 26 localities across South Africa. The helminth taxa represented 25 genera (15 nematodes, nine cestodes and one acanthocephalan). Monoxenous nematodes were the most abundant and prevalent group, while the occurrence of heteroxenous nematodes and cestodes was generally lower. The study recorded several novel helminth–host associations. Single-host-species infections were common, although multiple-host-species infections by helminth species were also recorded. Monoxenous nematodes and some cestodes were recovered countrywide, whereas heteroxenous nematodes were restricted to the eastern regions of South Africa. The study highlights the as yet unexplored diversity of helminth species associated with naturally occurring rodent species and provides initial data on their geographical distribution in South Africa.

Susceptibility of Garden Plants to Phytophthora Root Rot

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Beal ◽  
Ian Waghorn ◽  
Joe Perry ◽  
Gerard R G Clover ◽  
Matthew Cromey
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Phytophthora Species ◽  
High Index ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Wide Host Range ◽  
Serious Disease

Phytophthora root rot (PRR) is a serious disease of horticultural, forest and ornamental plant species caused by species of the oomycete genus Phytophthora. Their wide host range makes choice of resistant plants in management of the disease difficult. We used the Royal Horticultural Society diagnostic dataset of PRR records from U.K. gardens to compare the susceptibility of different host genera to the disease. The dataset was compared with existing reports of plants recorded as notably resistant or notably susceptible to PRR. An index-based approach was used to separate 177 genera of woody plants into three categories: 85 were low-index (<0.10: rarely affected), 34 were medium-index (0.10 – 0.20: sometimes affected) and 58 were high-index (>0.20: frequently affected). Similarly, genera of non-woody plants were separated into: 45 low-index (<0.22), 16 medium-index (0.22 – 0.44) and 18 high-index (>0.44). Taxus was the genus with the highest index, while most genera in the Malvales and Ericales were in the high index group. Most genera in the Myrtales, Fabales and Monocotyledons were low index. Whilst 30 Phytophthora species were recorded in our study, the wide host range spp., P. plurivora, P. cryptogea and P. cinnamomi represented 63% of identifications. Phytophthora plurivora was the most common species on woody plants and P. cryptogea on non-woody plants. These results provide confidence in the use of host resistance as part of the integrated management of PRR.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Common Root Rot of Wheat and Barley

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Mathre ◽  
R. H. Johnston ◽  
W. E. Grey
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Methods Of Isolation

Diagnosis of common root rot of wheat and barley is discussed in detail, including its symptoms and signs, host range, taxonomy, and geographic distribution, as well as methods of isolation, identification, and storage of the common root rot pathogen. Accepted for publication 17 July 2003. Published 19 August 2003.

scholarly journals Global Geographic Distribution and Host Range of Fusarium circinatum, the Causal Agent of Pine Pitch Canker

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rein Drenkhan ◽  
Beccy Ganley ◽  
Jorge Martín-García ◽  
Petr Vahalík ◽  
Kalev Adamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Pinus Spp

Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker (PPC), is currently one of the most important threats of Pinus spp. globally. This pathogen is known in many pine-growing regions, including natural and planted forests, and can affect all life stages of trees, from emerging seedlings to mature trees. Despite the importance of PPC, the global distribution of F. circinatum is poorly documented, and this problem is also true of the hosts within countries that are affected. The aim of this study was to review the global distribution of F. circinatum, with a particular focus on Europe. We considered (1) the current and historical pathogen records, both positive and negative, based on confirmed reports from Europe and globally; (2) the genetic diversity and population structure of the pathogen; (3) the current distribution of PPC in Europe, comparing published models of predicted disease distribution; and (4) host susceptibility by reviewing literature and generating a comprehensive list of known hosts for the fungus. These data were collated from 41 countries and used to compile a specially constructed geo-database. A review of 6297 observation records showed that F. circinatum and the symptoms it causes on conifers occurred in 14 countries, including four in Europe, and is absent in 28 countries. Field observations and experimental data from 138 host species revealed 106 susceptible host species including 85 Pinus species, 6 non-pine tree species and 15 grass and herb species. Our data confirm that susceptibility to F. circinatum varies between different host species, tree ages and environmental characteristics. Knowledge on the geographic distribution, host range and the relative susceptibility of different hosts is essential for disease management, mitigation and containment strategies. The findings reported in this review will support countries that are currently free of F. circinatum in implementing effective procedures and restrictions and prevent further spread of the pathogen.

Statistical spring wheat yield forecasting for the Canadian prairie provinces

2009 ◽  
Vol 149 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 1022-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budong Qian ◽  
Reinder De Jong ◽  
Richard Warren ◽  
Aston Chipanshi ◽  
Harvey Hill
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Yield Forecasting ◽  
Prairie Provinces

Characterization and assessment of the devastating natural hazards across the Canadian Prairie Provinces from 2009 to 2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 761-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Brimelow ◽  
Ronald Stewart ◽  
John Hanesiak ◽  
Bohdan Kochtubajda ◽  
Kit Szeto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Prairie Provinces

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Rhizoctonia Isolates to Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid and Biological Control by Phenazine-Producing Pseudomonas spp.

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 692-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Kamil Mohd Jaaffar ◽  
James A. Parejko ◽  
Timothy C. Paulitz ◽  
David M. Weller ◽  
Linda S. Thomashow
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Columbia Plateau ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Rhizoctonia Root Rot ◽  
Precipitation Zone ◽  
Low Precipitation

Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis groups (AG)-8 and AG-2-1 and R. oryzae are ubiquitous in cereal-based cropping systems of the Columbia Plateau of the Inland Pacific Northwest and commonly infect wheat. AG-8 and R. oryzae, causal agents of Rhizoctonia root rot and bare patch, are most commonly found in fields in the low-precipitation zone, whereas R. solani AG-2-1 is much less virulent on wheat and is distributed in fields throughout the low-, intermediate-, and high-precipitation zones. Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that produce the antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) also are abundant in the rhizosphere of crops grown in the low-precipitation zone but their broader geographic distribution and effect on populations of Rhizoctonia is unknown. To address these questions, we surveyed the distribution of PCA producers (Phz+) in 59 fields in cereal-based cropping systems throughout the Columbia Plateau. Phz+ Pseudomonas spp. were detected in 37 of 59 samples and comprised from 0 to 12.5% of the total culturable heterotrophic aerobic rhizosphere bacteria. The frequency with which individual plants were colonized by Phz+ pseudomonads ranged from 0 to 100%. High and moderate colonization frequencies of Phz+ pseudomonads were associated with roots from fields located in the driest areas whereas only moderate and low colonization frequencies were associated with crops where higher annual precipitation occurs. Thus, the geographic distribution of Phz+ pseudomonads overlaps closely with the distribution of R. solani AG-8 but not with that of R. oryzae or R. solani AG-2-1. Moreover, linear regression analysis demonstrated a highly significant inverse relationship between annual precipitation and the frequency of rhizospheres colonized by Phz+ pseudomonads. Phz+ pseudomonads representative of the four major indigenous species (P. aridus, P. cerealis, P. orientalis, and P. synxantha) suppressed Rhizoctonia root rot of wheat when applied as seed treatments. In vitro, mean 50% effective dose values for isolates of AG-8 and AG-2-1 from fields with high and low frequencies of phenazine producers did not differ significantly, nor was there a correlation between virulence of an isolate and sensitivity to PCA, resulting in rejection of the hypothesis that tolerance in Rhizoctonia spp. to PCA develops in nature upon exposure to Phz+ pseudomonads.

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