Spatial patterns of soil and vegetation in a 40-year-old slash pine (Pinus elliottii) forest in the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, U.S.A.

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Lister ◽  
Paul P Mou ◽  
Robert H Jones ◽  
Robert J Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Soil Variables

A study was conducted at the Savannah River Site in a 40-year-old slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) plantation in South Carolina to characterize the spatial patterns of soil, forest floor, and plant community variables and to investigate correlations among the variables. Spatial soil and litter samples were collected on five 0.25-ha plots. The spatial patterns of the variables were characterized by global variance, autocorrelation range, and patchiness. The cross-variable relationships were explored using Pearson's correlation tests to examine functional heterogeneity (i.e., to determine if structural heterogeneity reflected ecological processes). Variances of the variables calculated without regard to spatial position (i.e., global variance) were generally low. Average range of spatial autocorrelation was about 58 m for the forest floor variables, 11 m for soil variables, 11 m for basal area of large pines (>30 cm diameter at breast height), and less than 11 m for basal area of smaller pines or other woody species. Few strong spatial correlations among the forest floor and soil variables were observed. Spatial patterns of pines and hardwoods were weakly correlated with litter quality patterns and soil nitrogen. We conclude that the sample plots were generally homogeneous and that differences in soil resource levels were probably too small to influence spatial pattern of vegetation in this 40-year-old plantation.

Spatial patterns of soil and vegetation in a 40-year-old slash pine (Pinus elliottii) forest in the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, U.S.A.

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Lister ◽  
Paul P. Mou ◽  
Robert H. Jones ◽  
Robert J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine

scholarly journals Loblolly Pine Outperforms Slash Pine in Southeastern Georgia and Northern Florida

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry D. Shiver ◽  
John W. Rheney ◽  
Kenneth L. Hitch
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stand Basal Area ◽  
Better Than

Abstract A total of 141 paired plot installations remain of the 160 that were planted with slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and loblolly (P. taedaL.) pine across southeastern Georgia and northern Florida, after 14 growing seasons. Installations were evenly distributed across eight soil types. Analyses indicate that loblolly performed equal to or better than slash pine. There were no soil X species interactions. After 14 yr, loblolly pine had significantly higher survival (71% vs. 66%), stand basal area (98 vs. 81 ft2/ac), total stand volume (1857 vs. 1721 ft3/ac), merchantable stand volume (1497 vs. 1310 ft3/ac), total green weight (53 tons vs. 47 tons), and merchantable green weight (45 vs. 35 tons/ac) than slash pine. Growth over the period from age 11 to age 14 was also higher for loblolly than for slash indicating that the difference in the two species is diverging over time. South. J. Appl. For. 24(1): 31-36.

scholarly journals A New Whole-Stand Model for Unmanaged Loblolly and Slash Pine Plantations in East Texas

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean W. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Yield Model

Abstract A new compatible whole-stand growth-and-yield model to predict total tree cubic-foot volume per acre yield (outside and inside bark) was developed for unmanaged loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii) plantations in East Texas. This model was compared with the noncompatible whole-stand model of Lenhart (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15-2127">Lenhart, 1996</xref>, Total and partial stand-level yield prediction for loblolly and slash pine plantations in east Texas, South. J. Appl. For. 20(1):36–41) and the <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15-2127">Lenhart (1996)</xref> model refit to current data. For the two species, all three models were evaluated with independent observed data. The model developed in this study outperformed both Lenhart models in prediction of future yield and basal area per acre for all age classes combined and by 5-year age classes. The Lenhart models consistently overestimated yield and basal area per acre. All three models predicted surviving trees per acre similarly. An example is also provided to show users how to use the new whole-stand model.

Genetic variation in basal area increment phenology and its correlation with growth rate in loblolly and slash pine families and clones

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica I Emhart ◽  
Timothy A Martin ◽  
Timothy L White ◽  
Dudley A Huber
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth

We quantified basal area increment phenology over a 2-year period in one loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and four slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) full-sib families propagated as rooting cuttings. In 2002, basal area growth started in March and stopped in October for both species, while in 2003, initiation and cessation occurred 2 weeks earlier for all families. In both years, peaks in basal area increment occurred in short (2–3 week) periods in the early spring for all families, followed by linear basal area growth until cessation. While there were significant size differences among taxa (species and families) at age 6 and 7 years, genetic differences in basal area growth rate were only expressed during short, discrete time periods primarily in the spring and fall. Basal area growth rate increased during periods when water soil availability increased (up to 300 mm), but an excess in water availability in the soil had a negative impact on growth. Within-family individual-tree broad-sense heritabilities ranged from 0.01 to 0.37 for all traits. In general, heritabilities were higher for growth traits than for phenological traits for all families. Both the strength and direction of correlation estimates of phenological traits with growth rate varied across families and years.

Effect of Soil Type and Site-Preparation Method on Growth and Yield of Flatwoods Slash Pine Plantations

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry D. Shiver ◽  
James C. Fortson
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Lower Site

Abstract Analysis of measurements from slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) plantations in the flatwoods of Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina showed that plantations located on areas where debris had been moved (KG, bulldozed, rootraked, etc.) had significantly higher site indices than plantations located on comparable areas where debris had not been moved. Plantations located on spodic soils had significantly lower site indices than plantations located on nonspodic soils. While these differences were statistically significant, they were generally less than 2 feet at age 25. Neither volume nor percent survival was significantly affected by site-preparation classes or soils groups.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Predictions for Lower Coastal Plain Slash Pine Plantations Fertilized at Mid-Rotation

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey W. Martin ◽  
Robert L. Bailey ◽  
Eric J. Jokela
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Fertilization Program ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Soil Group

Abstract We present a new system of equations for slash pine plantations (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) that express the combined effects of CRIFF (Cooperative Research in Forest Fertilization Program) soil group and mid-rotation nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization on survival, basal area growth or yield, dominant height growth and the stand diameter distribution. A diameter growth model that accepts an initial diameter distribution (or tree list)provides the ability to predict future diameter distributions. Predictor variables include combinations of three mid-rotation fertilizer treatments: (1) no fertilizer; (2) N only (150 lb/ac elemental), (3) N and P (150 lb/ac and 50 lb/ac elemental, respectively) and three CRIFF soil groups: (1) B soils (e.g., Arenic Paleaquult), (2) C soils (e.g., Ultic Haplaquod), and (3) D soils (e.g., Grossarenic Haplaquod). These models derive from analyses on data taken in 243 permanent sample plots, some having been remeasured up to 6 times at 2 yr intervals, located in slash pine plantations on prepared sites. The models predict that fertilization with N and P at age 15 will result in around 30% (462 ft3/ac) more cumulative merchantable growth by age 25 for a typical site-index-60 plantation growing on CRIFF soil group B. South. J. Appl. For. 23(1):39-45.

Optimum Paraquat Treatments for Inducing Resin-Soaking in Slash and Loblolly Pines

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Donald R. Roberts ◽  
Kenneth W. Outcalt
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Savannah River ◽  
Savannah River Plant ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var elliottii) trees near Olustee, Florida, and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees on the Savannah River Plant near Aiken, South Carolina, were treated with five concentrations of paraquat solution at three application volumes and by two methods to determine the optimum combination of concentration and volume for lightwood production in each species. Tree mortality was considerably higher with the tree injector method than with the bark-streak method. When tree mortality and yield are both considered, the optimum treatment for loblolly pine is 0.8 ml per injection with 6-percent paraquat or 0.5 ml of 7-percent paraquat per 25 mm of bark-streak wound. In slash pine trees, injections of 0.6 to 1 ml of 2-percent paraquat should give acceptable yields.

Southern Pine Beetle: Factors Associated with Spot Occurrence and Spread in Young Plantations

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scott Cameron ◽  
Ronald F. Billings
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

Abstract An inventory of 167,316 ac of 5- to 15-year-old plantations of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) or loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) or both in east Texas revealed that infestations (spots) of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., occurred in plantations of all ages greater than 5 years. Infestation frequency ranged from 0.1 spots/1000 ac for 6-year-old plantations to 6 to 8 spots/1000 ac for 12- to 15-year-old plantations in 1985. Analyses of subsets of plantation inventories revealed that spots were more frequent in loblolly pine plantations than in slash pine plantations, and more frequent in plantations that had been prescribed-burned. An intensive study of 34 individual spots showed that spot initiation was often associated with stand disturbance but not with intraplantation variations in stand parameters. In turn, regression analyses revealed that the initial number of active trees (spot size) was directly correlated with pine basal area/ac. Rate of summer spot growth in uncontrolled infestations was most strongly correlated with number of active (brood) trees and weakly correlated with tree height and pine basal area/ac. Spots tended to grow faster in loblolly plantations than in those with slash pine. Mean spot growth rates were markedly less within young plantations than rates documented in earlier studies for natural pulpwood and sawtimber stands. A field guide for setting control priorities for beetle infestations in young plantations is provided. South. J. Appl. For. 12(3):208-214.

scholarly journals Borehole Oleoresin Production from Slash Pine

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Hodges ◽  
Jon D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
Resin Duct ◽  
Tree Stem

Abstract A process is described for production of oleoresin from borehole wounds to the xylem in slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii). Advantages of this process over conventional oleoresin production methods include higher labor productivity, improved product quality, reduced tree damage and stress, and reduced insect pest problems. In experiments conducted in Florida and Georgia from 1991 to 1994, oleoresin yields averaged 657 g (1.45 lb) per borehole, or nearly 1.7 kg (3.7 lb) per tree with multiple boreholes. Tests of other species used commercially for oleoresin production, including longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.), produced substantially lower yields. Borehole oleoresin yields were very sensitive to tree stem size, reflecting the capacity of preformed oleoresin stored in the resin duct system. Yields were significantly affected by treatment manipulations of borehole diameter, depth, number, spacing, orientation, chemical stimulants, and collection container type. Oleoresin flow was highest during the midsummer period and continued over a period of several months. Oleoresin flow potential was related to the percentage of tree stem basal area tapped. For optimal treatments affecting 35 to 40% of tree basal area, predicted yields ranged from 1.52 to 3.10 kg (3.35 to 6.83 lb) for trees 23 to 37 cm (9 to 14.5 in.) dbh, respectively. Tree growth rates were not measurably altered by borehole treatment. Comparisons with conventional bark-chipping oleoresin production systems in slash pine showed that the borehole system achieves a labor productivity two times greater than the best alternative, but sacrifices overall yields per tree. The borehole method offers new opportunities for utilization of the slash pine resource and an additional economic enterprise for forest lands. South. J. Appl. For. 21(3):108-115.

Double vs. Single-Row Pine Plantations for Wood and Forage Production

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford E. Lewis ◽  
George W. Tanner ◽  
W. Stephen Terry
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Wood Volume ◽  
Single Row

Abstract To find planting patterns for growing high volumes of wood while maintaining forage for cattle and wildlife habitat, slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm) was planted in various configurations to increase the open space between rows while holding tree density constant. Thirteen years after planting, there were few significant differences in survival, height, and diameter; basal area and total wood volume were as good or greater in the 4 x 8 foot double-row configuration spaced 40 feet apart. Double-row configurations produced more forage than single-row. This configuration offers a high timber volume and forage mass alternative to the currently favored 8 x 12 foot spacing used for dual resource management.

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