Instigation and control of treadmill locomotion in high decerebrate cats by stimulation of the hook bundle of Russell in the cerebellum

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 945-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigemi Mori ◽  
Toshihiro Matsui ◽  
Futoshi Mori ◽  
Katsumi Nakajima ◽  
Kiyoji Matsuyama
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Fastigial Nucleus ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
Postural Muscle ◽  
Restricted Region ◽  
Vestibular Complex ◽  
Parallel Activation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Decerebrate Cats

In high decerebrate cats, pulse train microstimulation of a restricted region of the midline cerebellar white matter produced a generalized increase in postural muscle tone in the neck, trunk, and limb extensor muscles, and air-stepping of all four legs on a stationary surface. On the moving belt of a treadmill, such stimulation produced well coordinated, fore- and hindlimb locomotion as evoked by stimulating the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR). Microinjection of a neural tracer into the cerebellar locomotion-inducing site resulted in a bilateral retrograde labeling of cells limited to the fastigial nuclei simultaneously with anterograde labeling of fibers projecting bilaterally to the medial pontomedullary reticular formation (mPMRF) the vestibular complex and upper cervical segments. These results have led to our proposition that the effective cerebellar locomotor region (CLR) corresponds to the midline region of the hook bundle of Russell. Passing through this structure are crossed fastigioreticular and fastigiovestibular fibers, together with fastigiospinal fibers. Subsequently, we showed that CLR stimulation resulted in simultaneous short-latency synaptic activation of long-descending reticulospinal and vestibulospinal cells with high synaptic security. Clearly, the fastigial nucleus possesses potential capability to recruit and regulate posture- and locomotor-related subprograms which are distributed within the brainstem and spinal cord by the in-parallel activation of fastigiospinal, fastigioreticular, and fastigiovestibular pathways.Key words: cerebellar locomotor region (CLR), fastigial nucleus, hook bundle of Russell, reticulospinal cell, vestibulospinal cell.

scholarly journals Effects of melatonin and diazepam on eye movement and postural muscle tone in decerebrate cats

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Hajime TANAKA ◽  
Tatsuya HABAGUCHI ◽  
Yasushi NAGAOKA ◽  
Junichi OKI ◽  
Kaoru TAKAKUSAKI
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Postural Muscle ◽  
Decerebrate Cats

The Setting of Postural Muscle Tone: Its Importance for Behavior in Freely Moving, Intact Cats

Emotions ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigemi Mori ◽  
Yoshihiro Ohta ◽  
Kiyoji Matsuyama ◽  
Kaoru Takakusaki
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Postural Muscle ◽  
Freely Moving

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF VAGINAL CONE THERAPY ON URINARY INCONTINENCE AMONG WOMEN IN SAVEETHA MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL, THANDALAM, CHENNAI

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
JAGADEESWARI J ◽  
KALABARATHI S ◽  
MANGALAGOWRI P
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Study Results ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

 Objectives: The present aims to assess the level of urinary incontinence in experimental and control group, to assess the effectiveness of vaginal cone therapy on urinary incontinence in experimental group and control group and to associate the post-test level of urinary incontinence with the selected demographic variables among women in the experimental group. Methods: A quantitative quasi-experimental research design was conducted among 60 women with urinary incontinence. Convenience sampling technique was used. Semi-structured interview method was used to collect the demographical data and level of urinary incontinence among women was assessed by urinary incontinence diagnosis questionnaire. Results: Among 60 samples in experimental group 26 women had a moderate level of urinary incontinence, and 4 women had slight urinary incontinence whereas in control group 24 women had moderate level of urinary incontinence and 6 women had slight urinary incontinence. The study results show significant improvement in level of urinary incontinence among experimental group than the control group after the intervention at the level of p<0.05. This reveals that vaginal cone therapy is highly significant in the experimental group because pelvic muscle strength had improved and allows the patient to increase the physiological consciousness and promotes the muscle tone after the use of a vaginal cone. Conclusion: This study proves that vaginal cone therapy is the effective non-pharmacological method, cost-effective method and had no side effects which can be used to treat female urinary incontinence.

Segmental reflex action in normal and decerebrate cats

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1611-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Hoffer ◽  
T. R. Leonard ◽  
C. L. Cleland ◽  
T. Sinkjaer
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Length ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Nerve Cuff ◽  
Reflex Action ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Force Peak ◽  
Initial Force ◽  
Decerebrate Cats

1. The objective of this study was to evaluate the action of the stretch reflex on the ankle extensor muscles of normal and decerebrate cats. 2. Experiments were performed on nine freely standing, unrestrained cats and repeated after decerebration at the premammillary level. The length, force, and electromyograph (EMG) of the soleus (SOL) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscles were recorded with the use of implanted transducers and electrodes. 3. The left ankle joint was unexpectedly and reproducibly dorsiflexed by briefly stimulating the common peroneal (CP) nerve with electrodes within an implanted nerve cuff. The ensuing twitch contractions of the ankle dorsiflexor muscles stretched the ankle extensor muscles by 0.3-2.0 mm. Lidocaine was infused into another nerve cuff proximal to the stimulation site, to reversibly block the central propagation of evoked volleys in the CP nerve. 4. Reflex action before and after decerebration was measured from the responses to perturbations of similar amplitude and duration delivered at approximately matched background values of muscle length and force. In most cats the temperature of the hindlimb was monitored with an implanted thermistor and was restored to normal values with radiant heat after decerebration. 5. A stretch imposed on the tonically active ankle extensor muscles immediately caused a considerable rise in the force recorded from the triceps tendon. Within 30-40 ms the triceps force peaked, reaching a value 10-20 N greater than background, and then rapidly declined while the extensor muscles were still lengthening. The initial rise in force preceded any change in triceps EMG. It was attributed to the intrinsic viscoelasticity of the stretched muscles and tendons. After decerebration the magnitude and timing of the initial force peak did not change. 6. A short-latency reflex EMG burst was typically recorded from both the SOL and LG muscles, starting 11-17 ms after stimulus onset. After decerebration the area of the reflex EMG burst increased in all nine cats, typically by a factor of 2 or 3. 7. After decerebration a second, smaller increase in force was typically observed starting 60-80 ms after onset of stretch. This later force rise, interpreted to be of reflex origin, was rarely apparent in normal cats. 8. Decerebration introduced consistent modifications in postural behavior that were revealed by pushing down on the back of quietly standing cats. In normal cats, after brief pushes that stretched the ankle extensor muscles by 1-2 mm, the EMG, force, and length quickly stabilized near their initial values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Critical Points in the Forelimb Fictive Locomotor Cycle and Motor Coordination: Effects of Phasic Retractions and Protractions of the Shoulder in the Cat

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 1342-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Saltiel ◽  
Serge Rossignol
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Feedback Scheme ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Alternative Responses ◽  
Decerebrate Cats

This study investigates the responses to phasic shoulder retractions or protractions given at different times in the fictive locomotor cycle of the forelimbs of decerebrate cats. Generally, the responses in flexor and extensor muscles acting at the shoulder or elbow were bilaterally coordinated according to a negative feedback scheme. Perturbations in the direction of the movements that would have taken place if the animal had not been paralyzed tended to shorten the duration of the burst of activity of the muscles active during that phase and vice versa in the opposite phase. Changes in response patterns took place around critical points corresponding to the critical points B–D described in the companion paper using tonic perturbations of the limb. Past point C, at 58% of the ipsilateral extensor burst, protractions no longer prolonged the burst and no longer delayed onset of the contralateral extensor. At point B, occurring at 41% of the contralateral extensor burst, ipsilateral protractions maximally shortened the ipsilateral flexor phase, advancing ipsilateral extensor onset (point D) to point C of the contralateral extensor burst. During a critical period from the end of the ipsilateral flexor (point D) until the contralateral flexor onset, retractions elicited two alternative responses. Either the contralateral extensor activity was abolished and the contralateral flexor turned on, or it persisted for another cycle. We argue that the critical points found here correspond to critical biomechanical events in real locomotion and may underlie a phase-dependent motor coordination.

Stereoencephalotomy and Control of Skeletal Muscle Tone

1990 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-8) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Struppler ◽  
T. Plant ◽  
M.T. Jahnke ◽  
H. Riescher
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
And Control

The effects of shungite on somatoform disorders in athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Белых ◽  
E. Belykh ◽  
Несмеянов ◽  
A. Nesmeyanov ◽  
Борисова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Undesirable Effect ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
Instrumental Effect ◽  
And Control

The article demonstrates the importance of the application of new biomedical technologies in the correction of somatoform disorders in athletes. In observation were 86 athletes playing sports. Comprehensive clinical, psychological and instrumental examination showed that 11, 3% of them have some somatic pathology, but the complaint didn’t match up to this pathology, she had overdone character. Moreover, in this group in 36.4% of cases, there are previous histories of acute infectious diseases. The athletes were divided into two equal groups (main and control) by 43 people. In the main group, the athletes were treated orally with shungite in the form of tablets, in the control group - the psycho-pharmacotherapy. The same clinical and instrumental effect was observed in both groups. In the control group the undesirable effect of reducing muscle tone, drowsiness was detected. This allowed the authors to consider that it is expedient to use shungite for the correction of sym-tomatics in athletes with somatoform disorders.

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