Experimental parathyroid hormone deficiency produced by injection of antibodies to bovine parathyroid hormone

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Whay Kooh ◽  
Donald Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Parathyroid Extract ◽  
Bovine Parathyroid Hormone

Antiserum to bovine parathyroid hormone (Anti-PTH) was produced in guinea pigs by repeated subcutaneous injections of purified bovine PTH with Freund's adjuvant. Specific binding of PTH with Anti-PTH was demonstrated in vitro by a two-antibody system. Anti-PTH was administered intravenously to three species of animals. Within 8 h, rats had developed a decrease in plasma calcium and an increase in plasma phosphorus concentrations, physiological changes characteristic of the PTH deficiency state. A similar degree of hypocalcemia occurred in rabbits. Some of the animals injected with Anti-PTH died within 24 h; in survivors, the hypoparathyroid state was transient and recovery occurred within 24 h. Equivalent amounts of Anti-PTH had no effect on the levels of plasma calcium in normal guinea pigs. Injections of parathyroid extract to rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs caused a hypercalcemic response. Since antibodies produced in the guinea pig to bovine PTH neutralized the physiological action of rat and rabbit PTH, but did not neutralize that of guinea pig PTH, it is concluded that bovine, rat, and rabbit PTH are immunologically similar, but that guinea pig PTH is dissimilar. However, the hormones of all four species have a common attribute that determines biological activity.

ACQUIRED RESISTANCE TO PARATHYROID HORMONE

1976 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tushar K. Sinha ◽  
Sherry F. Queener ◽  
Norman H. Bell ◽  
Sarah Larson
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Terminal Portion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Clinical Resistance ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Parathyroid Extract ◽  
Bovine Parathyroid Hormone

ABSTRACT Studies are presented in a patient with pseudohypoparathyroidism who showed a partial response to parathyroid extract. Resistance to the extract was observed after its short-term administration for the fourth time. Serum from the patient contained antibodies of the γG globulin class which bound 125I-labelled bovine parathyroid hormone. Prior incubation of parathyroid hormone with the serum prevented the activation in vitro of adenylate cyclase from pork renal cortex. The antibodies were directed primarily toward the C-terminal portion of the molecule. Thus, clinical resistance to parathyroid hormone is attributed to specific antibodies.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) fragments relax the guinea-pig trachea in vitro

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 1324-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Yen ◽  
May C. M. Yang ◽  
Alexander D. Kenny ◽  
Peter K. T. Pang
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
No Inhibition ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Bovine Parathyroid Hormone

Synthetic bovine parathyroid hormone fragment containing the N-terminal 1 – 34 amino acids (bPTH-(1 – 34)) relaxed the guinea-pig trachea constricted with histamine in vitro. Peptides with bovine and human sequences purchased from Peninsula Laboratories and Beckman Bioproducts produced similar effects. Substitution of methionine in positions 8 and 18 by norleucine did not affect this property of bPTH-(1 – 34). However, when the methionines were oxidized by treating the peptide with hydrogen peroxide, the peptide could no longer produce relaxation in the trachea. Oxidation of the methionine-replaced analog did not affect the action of the peptide on the trachea. It seems that the methionines per se are not necessary, but once oxidized the conformation of the molecule may be sufficiently altered to affect its ability to relax the trachea. While propranolol can block the relaxing action of isoproterenol, this blocking agent produces no inhibition of the bPTH-(1 – 34) effect. This action of PTH on the trachea may be related to cAMP because isobutyryl-methylxanthine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, potentiates and imidazole, a phosphodiesterase stimulator, inhibits the trachea relaxing action of bPTH-(1 – 34).

Inhibition by calcitonin of bone resorption induced in vitro by vitamin A

1968 ◽  
Vol 170 (1018) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
Parathyroid Extract ◽  
Rat Thyroid

There is now good evidence for a thyroid polypeptide hormone, calcitonin, that lowers plasma calcium (Gudmundsson, MacIntyre & Soliman 1966). Bone was soon suspected as a primary site of action of this hormone, and Milhaud, Perault & Moukhtar (1965) concluded from kinetic studies with 45 Ca in rats that calcitonin lowers plasma calcium by inhibiting the resorption of bone. This theory of its action has received considerable support from investigations made both in vivo and in vitro . I propose to summarize the latter. In vitro studies by Friedman & Raisz (1965) showed that extracts of rat thyroid inhibit the release of calcium from embryonic long bones of rats; the effect was greatest when resorption was stimulated by parathyroid hormone. Aliapoulios, Goldhaber & Munson (1966) demonstrated that partially purified hog calcitonin can prevent the effects of parathyroid extract on mouse calvariae in vitro ; they also stated, without details, that calcitonin counteracted resorption of bone induced by vitamin A, thereby supporting the evidence from studies in vivo that the action of calcitonin is independent of that of parathyroid hormone. The results described by Gaillard (1966) can also be interpreted as supporting the theory that calcitonin acts by inhibiting bone resorption.

Inhibition of Human and Animal Platelet Adhesiveness to Glass Bead Columns by Adenosine, Dipyridamole, Chlorpromazine and Acetylsalicylic Acid

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buichi Fujttani ◽  
Toshimichi Tsuboi ◽  
Kazuko Takeno ◽  
Kouichi Yoshida ◽  
Masanao Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Glass Bead ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rabbit Platelet ◽  
Platelet Adhesiveness

SummaryThe differences among human, rabbit and guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness as for inhibitions by adenosine, dipyridamole, chlorpromazine and acetylsalicylic acid are described, and the influence of measurement conditions on platelet adhesiveness is also reported. Platelet adhesiveness of human and animal species decreased with an increase of heparin concentrations and an increase of flow rate of blood passing through a glass bead column. Human and rabbit platelet adhesiveness was inhibited in vitro by adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine, but not by acetylsalicylic acid. On the other hand, guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness was inhibited by the four drugs including acetylsalicylic acid. In in vivo study, adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine inhibited platelet adhesiveness in rabbits and guinea-pigs. Acetylsalicylic acid showed the inhibitory effect in guinea-pigs, but not in rabbits.

Relationship between potency of L-isoprenaline and β-adrenoceptor density estimated in single cells from tracheal smooth muscles of guinea pigs of different ages

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issei Takayanagi ◽  
Mitsutoshi Satoh ◽  
Noriko Kokubu ◽  
Teruko Kato
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Receptor Density ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Β Receptor

An age-related change in potency of L-isoprenaline in the presence of ascorbic acid, desmethylimipramine, corticosterone, pargyline, and phentolamine was obtained in tracheal strips from guinea pigs of differing ages between 6 and 40 weeks. The potency in the strips from 100-week-old guinea pigs did not significantly differ from that in strips from 40-week-old animals. Single cells were prepared from the tracheal muscles of 6-, 10-, 40-, and 100-week-old guinea pigs. The specific binding of [3H]dihydroalprenolol to the single cells was saturable. The dissociation constants of [3H]dihydroalprenolol were in good agreement with those of the membrane fractions from the guinea-pig tracheal muscles, and did not change with age. An excellent relationship between the potency of L-isoprenaline and the maximum binding of [3H]dihydroalprenolol estimated in the preparations from 6- to 40-week-old guinea pigs was found, suggesting that the increase in the potency of L-isoprenaline is due to the increase in the maximum binding or receptor density. The value in the preparations from 100-week-old guinea pigs deviated significantly from the regression line. This suggests the possibility that the decrease in potency in the strips from 100-week-old animals is due to a change in post β-receptor processes in responsiveness.Key words: guinea-pig trachea, single cells, β-receptor density, ageing, dissociation constant.

scholarly journals FURTHER STUDIES ON THE ROLE OF PROTEASES IN THE ALLERGIC REACTION

1961 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Ungar ◽  
Takuso Yamura ◽  
Jacqueline B. Isola ◽  
Sidney Kobrin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Amino Acid Esters ◽  
Protein Substrates ◽  
Protease Activation ◽  
Acid Esters

Protease activity was measured through the hydrolysis of synthetic amino acid esters in body fluids and tissues of guinea pigs, rats, mice, and humans. Significant in vitro activation was observed in serum and lung slices of sensitized guinea pigs on addition of the specific antigen. Increased proteolytic activity was also seen in reverse anaphylaxis. More marked activation occurred when guinea pig serum was treated with peptone and guinea pig or rat serum was treated with agar. Protease activation was demonstrated in specimens of human skin under the influence of a poison ivy extract or croton oil added in vitro. Urinary protease activity of guinea pigs increased significantly during the first hours of anaphylactic shock and very markedly in peptone shock. Peptone shock, elicited in mice pretreated with H. pertussis, was accompanied by a considerable increase in protease activity in the peritoneal fluid as compared with non-pretreated mice which were insensitive to peptone. Proteolytic activity resulting from the activation procedures was due to a number of proteases. The dominant substrate affinity and inhibition patterns suggest that serum and urine proteases are similar to but not identical with plasmin. Anaphylactic activation exhibited patterns different from those resulting from the action of anaphylactoid agents. Tissue enzymes are either of cathepsin- or chymotrypsin-type or mixtures of both. Some of the activated enzymes, although remarkably effective in hydrolyzing amino acid esters, show no activity on protein substrates. This does not justify, however, their designation as "esterases." They probably belong to the class of specific proteases acting only on a single or a small number of functionally significant protein substrates. There is at present sufficient evidence to prove not only that protease activation does occur in anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid conditions but also that it is an important component of the chain of reactions leading to the allergic response.

The effects of furosemide and bumetanide on lung liquid production by in vitro lungs from fetal guinea pigs

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1131-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Thom ◽  
A. M. Perks
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Loop Diuretics ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Blue Dextran ◽  
Lung Fluid ◽  
Lung Liquid ◽  
Secretion Rates

Lungs from fetal guinea pigs of 61 ± 3 days of gestation were supported in vitro for 3 h, and lung liquid secretion rates were measured by a dye dilution technique based on Blue Dextran 2000. Ten preparations that had received no treatment showed an average secretion rate of 1.12 ± 0.28 mL∙kg−1 body weight∙h−1 during the first hour, and there were no significant changes over the following 2 h. In studies of 54 fetal lungs, furosemide, bumetanide, control ethanol carrier, or saline alone were placed in the supporting medium during the middle hour of the 3-h incubations (ABA design). Furosemide at 10−3 M reduced secretion 83.4 ± 16.8%; at 10−4 and 10−5 M it produced smaller reductions. Bumetanide at 10−3 M usually produced reabsorption (129.9 ± 23.0% reduction), at 10−4 M it reduced secretion 30.9 ± 11.8%, but at 10−5 M it was ineffective. Control carrier and saline were without effect. The ability of the loop diuretics to produce reabsorption of fluid in some preparations suggests the unmasking of an active reabsorptive process. The results also suggest that lung liquid secretion in the fetal guinea pig, as in the sheep, is dependent on a Na+ and Cl− cotransport system.Key words: fetus, lung fluid, bumetanide, furosemide.

scholarly journals Use of quantitative real-time PCR for studying the dissemination of Leptospira interrogans in the guinea pig infection model of leptospirosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 648-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristel Lourdault ◽  
Florence Aviat ◽  
Mathieu Picardeau
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Guinea Pig Model

The dynamics of leptospirosis infection have been poorly studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the LD50, rate of bacterial dissemination, histopathology and antibody responses against leptospira following inoculation with the highly virulent Leptospira interrogans Fiocruz L1-130 strain in a guinea pig model of leptospirosis. Three routes of infection (intraperitoneal, conjunctival and subcutaneous inoculation) were used to establish disease in guinea pigs. The size and kinetics of leptospiral burdens in the blood and tissues of infected animals were determined over a 1 week course of infection using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Bacteraemia peaked at day 5 post-infection reaching more than 5×104 leptospires ml−1. The highest spirochaetal load was found in the liver and kidneys, and was associated with alterations in organ tissues and a decline in liver and kidney functions. In contrast, lesions and bacteria were not detected in guinea pigs infected with an avirulent strain derived from a high-passage-number in vitro-passaged variant of the Fiocruz L1-130 strain. The use of qPCR supports the findings of earlier studies and provides an easy and reliable method for the quantification of L. interrogans in the tissues of infected animals. qPCR will be used in future studies to evaluate the efficacy of vaccine candidates against leptospirosis and the virulence of selected L. interrogans mutants relative to the parental strain.

scholarly journals MULTIPLICATION IN VITRO OF PSEUDORABIES VIRUS IN THE TESTICLE TISSUE OF IMMUNIZED GUINEA PIGS

1935 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-838
Author(s):  
Erich Traub
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Immune Tissue

Pseudorabies virus was cultivated in vitro in washed testicle tissue from immune guinea pigs, and evidence was thus procured which indicated that the testicle cells themselves had not become immune to pseudorabies. The rate of multiplication of the virus was considerably greater in control cultures with normal guinea pig testis than in cultures with immune testis. The reason for this fact may be that even by repeated washing the immune tissue could not be completely freed from fluid antibodies, and that such antibodies somewhat inhibited the multiplication of the virus.

scholarly journals Guinea-pig liver tryptophan pyrrolase. Absence of detectable apoenzyme activity and of hormonal induction by cortisol and possible regulation by tryptophan

1974 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulla A.-B. Badawy ◽  
Myrddin Evans
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pig Liver ◽  
Latent Form ◽  
Tryptophan Pyrrolase ◽  
Guinea Pig Liver

1. When assayed in fresh homogenates, guinea-pig liver tryptophan pyrrolase exists only as holoenzyme. It does not respond to agents that activate or inhibit the rat liver enzyme in vitro. Only by aging (for 30min at 5°C) does the guinea-pig enzyme develop a requirement for ascorbate. 2. The guinea-pig liver enzyme is activated by the administration of tryptophan but not cortisol, salicylate, ethanol or 5-aminolaevulinate. 3. The tryptophan enhancement of the guinea-pig liver pyrrolase activity is prevented by 0, 34 and 86% by pretreatment with actinomycin D, cycloheximide or allopurinol respectively. 4. The guinea-pig liver tryptophan pyrrolase is more sensitive to tryptophan administration than is the rat enzyme. On the other hand, the concentrations of tryptophan in sera and livers of guinea pigs are 45–52% less than those in rats. 5. It is suggested that tryptophan may regulate the activity of guinea-pig liver tryptophan pyrrolase by mobilizing a latent form of the enzyme whose primary function is the detoxication of its substrate.

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