Physical Characteristics of Red Cells Collected from the Spleen

Kinetics of cell washout, when isolated cat spleens are perfused with Ringer solution, have shown previously that the red cells stored in the spleen correspond to a system of three compartments (fast, intermediate, and slow); morphological studies, at different stages of the washout, have already identified these compartments as free cells in vascular channels, free cells within sinuses, and cells adhering to sinus walls, respectively. By collecting the venous outflow at three particular stages of the washout fairly pure samples (>85%) of the cells from each compartment have now been obtained. We have measured the density (phthalate method), volume, and osmotic changes (Celloscope) of these cells. Cells from the fast and intermediate compartments were not significantly different from those of arterial blood, but cells from the slow compartment were lighter (specific gravity difference was 0.0064; p < 0.01), larger in volume (5.0%; p < 0.01), and swelled 14% less in 200 mOsmol/l (p < 0.01). These differences indicated that cells from the slow compartment might be predominantly younger cells and this has been confirmed by finding reticulocyte counts of 58.0 ± 3.8 (S.E.) %. It is suggested that immature red cells, released from the bone marrow, may be sequestered in the spleen and matured.

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The Distribution of Red Cells in the Spleen

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y71-100 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 49 (8) ◽

pp. 734-743 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

S. H. Song ◽

A. C. Groom

Keyword(s):

Inclusion Bodies ◽

Ringer Solution ◽

Red Cells ◽

Compartment System ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Sinus Wall ◽

Free Cells ◽

Abnormal Cells ◽

Vascular Channels ◽

Kinetics Of

Kinetics of red cell washout, when isolated cat spleens are perfused with Ringer solution, show that the spleen corresponds to a three-compartment system. To determine whether or not there exist morphological counterparts to these compartments we examined microscopic sections from 16 spleens perfused by different volumes of Ringer solution. Red cells could be divided into three groups: (1) free cells in vascular channels and sinuses, (2) cells adhering to reticulum cells or sinus endothelium, and (3) cells in the cytoplasm of macrophages. When 50 ml were perfused no free cells were seen in vascular channels. After 600 ml few free cells remained in the sinuses. Thereafter the number of cells adhering to the sinus wall decreased gradually and cell counts agreed with predictions from the washout curve. We conclude that the compartments of our model (fast, intermediate, and slow) represent, respectively, free cells in vascular channels, free cells within sinuses, and cells adhering to sinus walls. The only cells trapped irreversibly are the very few found in the cytoplasm of macrophages. It is suggested that the slow compartment represents red cells in a pre-phagocytosed stage, e.g. aged cells, abnormal cells containing inclusion bodies, and possibly, reticulocytes in the process of maturation.

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THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS ANTICOAGULANTS ON THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF BLOOD AND OF PLASMA, AND ON THE HEMATOCRIT

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v4.7.863.863 ◽

1949 ◽

Vol 4 (7) ◽

pp. 863-868

Author(s):

PAUL L. MCLAIN ◽

C. H. WILLIAM RUHE ◽

GEORGE J. PASTORIUS

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Sodium Citrate ◽

Relative Volume ◽

Red Cells ◽

Red Cell ◽

Cent Solution ◽

Potassium Oxalate ◽

Fluid Component ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Heparin Solution

Abstract The effects of several commonly employed anticoagulant procedures on the specific gravity of blood and of plasma, and on the relative red cell volume, were studied in freshly drawn samples of arterial blood from rabbits. Measurements on treated blood, or its fluid component, were compared with corresponding results on portions of the same samples without treatment and prior to coagulation. Satisfactory preservation of the specific gravity of whole blood was obtained by defibrination or by the use of ammonium-potassium oxalate mixture. Satisfactory preservation of the specific gravity of plasma was obtained by defibrination or by the use of heparin solution. The relative volume of red cells was essentially unaltered by the use of dry heparin, oxalate mixture, 1.6 per cent solution of potassium oxalate, or by defibrination. Dry potassium oxalate and sodium citrate caused marked changes, increasing the specific gravity of blood and of plasma, and shrinking the red cells. Dry heparin caused significant increases in the specific gravity of blood and of plasma. Ammonium-potassium oxalate mixture increased the specific gravity of plasma markedly and consistently.

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Morphological Changes and Iron Uptake in Human Normoblasts in Vitro: I. Proliferation and Destruction of Nucelated Red Cells During Incubation of Normal Bone Marrow

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation ◽

10.3109/00365516409060509 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 222-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Erik Myhre

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Iron Uptake ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Red Cells ◽

Normal Bone Marrow ◽

Normal Bone

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Determinants of Erythrocyte Size in Chronic Liver Disease

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v34.6.739.739 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 739-746 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

THOMAS M. KILBRIDGE ◽

PAUL HELLER

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Chronic Liver Disease ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Hepatic Cirrhosis ◽

Alcoholic Cirrhosis ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Red Cells ◽

Red Cell ◽

Cell Volumes

Abstract Serial determinations of red cell volumes were made with an electronic sizing device in 30 patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Variations in red cell volumes were correlated with other hematologic and clinical findings. The results of these studies suggest that volume macrocytosis in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis is either due to megaloblastosis of the bone marrow or to an accelerated influx of young red cells into the peripheral blood.

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Myocardial CO2 buffering: role of transmembrane transport of H+ or HCO3-ions

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.230.4.1037 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 230 (4) ◽

pp. 1037-1041 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

DR Strome ◽

RL Clancy ◽

NC Gonzalez

Keyword(s):

Small Volume ◽

Coronary Circulation ◽

Myocardial Cell ◽

Ringer Solution ◽

Red Cells ◽

Transmembrane Transport ◽

High Degree

Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused with rabbit red cells suspended in Ringer solution. A small volume of perfusate was recirculated for 10 min at Pco2 of 33.4 +/- 0.9 or 150.8 +/- 7.5 mmHg. Hypercapnia resulted in an increase in perfusate HCO3- concentration that was smaller than that observed when isolated perfusate was equilibrated in vitro with the same CO2 tensions (delta HCO-3e = 1.6 mM, P less than 0.01). This difference is consistent with a net movement of HCO3- into or H+ out of the mycardial cell, and cannot be accounted for by dilution of HCO3- in the myocardial interstitium. Recirculation of perfusate through the coronary circulation at normal Pco2 for two consecutive 10-min periods was not followed by changes in perfusate HCO3- concentration. A high degree of correlation (r = 0.81) was observed between intracellular HCO-3e concentration and the corresponding delta HCO-3e in individual experiments. The results suggest that transmembrane exchange of H+ or HCO3- is a buffer mechanism for CO2 in the myocardial cell.

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Hematologic Toxicity of High-Dose Iodine-131–Metaiodobenzylguanidine Therapy for Advanced Neuroblastoma

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2004.08.058 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 2452-2460 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Steven G. DuBois ◽

Julia Messina ◽

John M. Maris ◽

John Huberty ◽

David V. Glidden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Radiation Dose ◽

Red Cells ◽

Whole Body ◽

High Dose ◽

Hematologic Toxicity ◽

Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Iodine 131 ◽

Mibg Therapy

Purpose Iodine-131–metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) has been shown to be active against refractory neuroblastoma. The primary toxicity of 131I-MIBG is myelosuppression, which might necessitate autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (AHSCT). The goal of this study was to determine risk factors for myelosuppression and the need for AHSCT after 131I-MIBG treatment. Patients and Methods Fifty-three patients with refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma were treated with 18 mCi/kg 131I-MIBG on a phase I/II protocol. The median whole-body radiation dose was 2.92 Gy. Results Almost all patients required at least one platelet (96%) or red cell (91%) transfusion and most patients (79%) developed neutropenia (< 0.5 × 103/μL). Patients reached platelet nadir earlier than neutrophil nadir (P < .0001). Earlier platelet nadir correlated with bone marrow tumor, more extensive bone involvement, higher whole-body radiation dose, and longer time from diagnosis to 131I-MIBG therapy (P ≤ .04). In patients who did not require AHSCT, bone marrow disease predicted longer periods of neutropenia and platelet transfusion dependence (P ≤ .03). Nineteen patients (36%) received AHSCT for prolonged myelosuppression. Of patients who received AHSCT, 100% recovered neutrophils, 73% recovered red cells, and 60% recovered platelets. Failure to recover red cells or platelets correlated with higher whole-body radiation dose (P ≤ .04). Conclusion These results demonstrate the substantial hematotoxicity associated with high-dose 131I-MIBG therapy, with severe thrombocytopenia an early and nearly universal finding. Bone marrow tumor at time of treatment was the most useful predictor of hematotoxicity, whereas whole-body radiation dose was the most useful predictor of failure to recover platelets after AHSCT.

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