Role of atrial natriuretic peptide and urinary cGMP in the natriuretic and diuretic response to central hypervolemia in normal human subjects

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2076-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Leung ◽  
A. G. Logan ◽  
P. J. Campbell ◽  
T. E. Debowski ◽  
S. B. Bull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Free Water Clearance ◽  
Diuretic Response ◽  
Line Level ◽  
Central Hypervolemia ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The response of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and urinary cGMP excretion to central hypervolemia induced by water immersion was assessed twice in five healthy male subjects, once while immersed in water to the neck for 3 h and again on a control day. Plasma ANP and urinary cGMP were measured by radioimmunoassay. Compared with the control day, overall change in plasma ANP on the immersion day was significant (p < 0.05). In response to water immersion, plasma ANP increased from a base-line level of 13.2 ± 3.1 (mean ± SEM) to 24.2 ± 5.5 pg/mL by 0.5 h of immersion and was sustained at that level throughout the immersion period. Plasma ANP returned to the base-line level at 1 h postimmersion. Urinary cGMP excretion increased significantly by 1 h of immersion and was sustained at that level throughout water immersion and 1 h postimmersion (p < 0.05). During water immersion urine flow, urinary sodium and potassium excretion, free water clearance, and osmolar clearance increased while plasma renin activity, serum aldosterone, and blood pressure fell; all changes were significant (p < 0.05). Creatinine clearance and hematocrit did not show any significant changes. These data suggest that an increase in plasma ANP may contribute to the natriuretic and diuretic response to central hypervolemia, and that the measurement of urinary cGMP may be a valuable marker of ANP biological responsiveness.

Atrial natriuretic peptide released by rapid ventricular pacing in dogs does not cause a natriuresis

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Walsh ◽  
T. D. M. Williams ◽  
R. Canepa-Anson ◽  
P. Roe ◽  
E. Pitts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Ventricular Pacing ◽  
Free Water Clearance ◽  
Rapid Ventricular Pacing ◽  
Sodium Clearance ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

1. The relationships between the haemodynamic, renal and endocrine changes induced by rapid ventricular pacing were studied in ten chloralose-anaesthetized dogs paced from the right ventricular apex for 60 min at 250 beats/min. 2. Pacing increased mean right atrial and mean pulmonary wedge pressure (P < 0.05), and decreased cardiac output and mean arterial pressure (P < 0.05). 3. Coronary sinus atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations were approximately fourfold greater than arterial concentrations; both increased markedly during pacing (P < 0.01). Plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin and plasma renin activity did not change signficantly. 4. Urine flow and free water clearance increased during the latter 30 min of pacing (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in sodium clearance despite high sustained concentrations of ANP. 5. Without the availability of specific inhibitors of ANP release or action, we are unable to exclude the possibility that ANP may have prevented sodium clearance from otherwise decreasing during rapid ventricular pacing. Nevertheless, the dissociation between elevated ANP concentrations and natriuresis in this study indicates that a rise in ANP concentrations per se is not sufficient to produce a natriuresis.

Effects of human atrial natriuretic peptide on renal function and vasopressin release

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (5) ◽  
pp. R789-R794 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kimura ◽  
K. Abe ◽  
M. Shoji ◽  
K. Tsunoda ◽  
K. Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Free Water Clearance ◽  
Vasopressin Release ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

To assess the effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the renal function, cardiovascular system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and vasopressin release, synthetic human ANP (alpha-hANP) was administered at a dose of 0.08 microgram X kg-1 X min-1 iv for 40 min into anesthetized dogs (n = 6). In the control study (n = 6), saline alone was infused. alpha-hANP brought about a significant increase in renal plasma flow, urinary Na and K output, urine flow, and osmolar clearance and a significant decrease in urinary osmolality, free water clearance, and filtration fraction (FF), with no changes in glomerular filtration rate. Plasma Na concentrations and osmolality did not change significantly, but plasma K concentrations fell progressively. Mean arterial blood pressure decreased without any changes in heart rate. Plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC), and plasma vasopressin concentrations did not rise, but rather PRA and PAC tended to fall during alpha-hANP infusion. In the control study, there were no changes in these parameters except a progressive fall in FF and plasma K concentrations. These results indicate that the alpha-hANP-induced increase in renal blood flow plays an important role in producing natriuresis, but vasopressin may not be involved in the process of diuresis.

Effect of exercise, hyperpnea, and bronchoconstriction on plasma atrial natriuretic peptide

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 2565-2570 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Rubinstein ◽  
T. F. Reiss ◽  
D. G. Gardner ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
B. G. Bigby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Specific Airway Resistance ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

To examine whether endogenous secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) modifies the bronchomotor response to moderately strenuous exercise and, conversely, whether hyperpnea of exercise or bronchoconstriction alone modulates the release of ANP, we compared the rise in specific airway resistance and the rise in circulating immunoreactive ANP (IR-ANP) induced by a 5-min submaximal exercise and by eucapnic hyperpnea with cold dry air and exercise-matched minute ventilation in six healthy individuals and in five subjects with clinically stable asthma. As expected, the increase in specific airway resistance from base line provoked by exercise was greater in the asthmatic subjects (from 11.8 +/- 7.1 to 34.0 +/- 18.6 l.cmH2O.l-1.s-1) than in the healthy subjects (from 3.7 +/- 1.2 to 4.5 +/- 1.9 l.cmH2O.l-1.s-1). In both groups, exercise was associated with a similar and significant rise in plasma IR-ANP levels, ranging from 222 to 550% from base-line value in the healthy group and from 176 to 1,120% from base-line value in the asthmatic group. Peak plasma IR-ANP levels occurred from 3 to 15 min after completion of exercise with a return to base-line values within 60 min. Although eucapnic hyperpnea was associated with a similar increase in specific airway resistance as was exercise, it provoked an increase in circulating IR-ANP in only one subject.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Assessment of atrial natriuretic peptide resistance in cirrhosis with head-out water immersion and atrial natriuretic peptide infusion

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Legault ◽  
Leonard C. Warner ◽  
Wai Ming Leung ◽  
Alexander G. Logan ◽  
Laurence M. Blendis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Sodium Retention ◽  
Serum Aldosterone ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The nature of sodium retention in cirrhosis complicated by ascites has been studied for the last 30 years. Resistance to the natriuretic action of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) may play a potential role in this sodium retention. To further evaluate this possibility, we studied 12 patients with biopsy-proven cirrhosis and ascites on 2 consecutive days after a 7-day period off diuretics while receiving a 20 mmol/day sodium restricted diet. Following a crossover design, patients underwent head-out water immersion (HWI) for 3 h and were infused with a α-human ANP for 2 h on 2 consecutive days. Blood and urine samples were collected hourly. Five patients displayed a natriuretic response to HWI, sufficient to achieve negative sodium balance, and these patients were termed responders. Each of these five patients also displayed a natriuretic response to ANP infusion. In contrast, the other seven patients (nonresponders) consistently failed to develop a natriuretic response to either maneuver. The two groups had similar elevations in plasma ANP concentrations, but at baseline differed in terms of plasma sodium, plasma renin activity, and serum aldosterone. Despite higher serum aldosterone concentrations, nonresponders excreted less potassium than responders during the peak effect of the interventions, suggesting greater sodium delivery to the aldosterone-sensitive nephron segment in responders. We conclude that the inability to mount an adequate sodium excretory response to HWI in patients with cirrhosis may be conveyed through increased antinatriuretic factors that decrease the sodium delivery to the medullary collecting duct and inhibit the natriuretic effect of ANP at that site.Key words: atrial natriuretic peptide, cirrhosis, ascites, sodium.

Atrial natriuretic peptide in acute mountain sickness

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1929-1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bartsch ◽  
S. Shaw ◽  
M. Franciolli ◽  
M. P. Gnadinger ◽  
P. Weidmann
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Renal Action ◽  
Group A ◽  
Mountain Sickness ◽  
Group B ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

To test the hypothesis that elevated atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) may be involved in altered fluid homeostasis at high altitude, we examined 25 mountaineers at an altitude of 550 m and 6, 18, and 42 h after arrival at an altitude of 4,559 m, which was climbed in 24 h starting from 3,220 m. In 14 subjects, symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS) were absent or mild (group A), whereas 11 subjects had severe AMS (group B). Fluid intake was similar in both groups. In group B, urine flow decreased from 61 +/- 8 (base line) to 36 +/- 3 (SE) ml/h (maximal decrease) (P less than 0.05) and sodium excretion from 7.9 +/- 0.9 to 4.6 +/- 0.7) mmol.l-1.h-1 (P less than 0.05); ANP increased from 31 +/- 4 to 87 +/- 26 pmol/l (P less than 0.001), plasma aldosterone from 191 +/- 27 to 283 +/- 55 pmol/l (P less than 0.01 compared with group A), and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from 1.0 +/- 0.1 to 2.9 +/- 1.2 pmol/l (P = 0.08 compared with group A). These variables did not change significantly in group A, with the exception of a decrease in plasma aldosterone from 189 +/- 19 to 111 +/- 17 pmol/l (P less than 0.01). There were no measurable effects of elevated ANP on natriuresis, cortisol, or blood pressure. The reduced diuresis in AMS may be explained by increased plasma aldosterone and ADH overriding the expected renal action of ANP. The significance of elevated ANP in AMS remains to be established.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The effects of hydraulic pressure on atrial natriuretic peptide during rehabilitative head-out water immersion

Life Sciences ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1017-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Kurabayashi ◽  
Kousei Tamura ◽  
Jun'ichi Tamura ◽  
Kazuo Kubota
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

Effects of hypoxia and atrial natriuretic peptide on aldosterone secretion in healthy subjects

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 534-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Westendorp ◽  
A. N. Roos ◽  
M. Simons ◽  
W. Wertheim ◽  
F. H. Bosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

To evaluate the inhibitory effect of hypoxia and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on aldosterone secretion, 11 healthy male subjects were infused with 5 ng.kg-1 x min-1 ANP or placebo. The subjects were exposed in a stepwise fashion to incremental hypobaric hypoxia, which decreased arterial oxygen saturation to 79 +/- 2% in the placebo and 84 +/- 2% in the ANP condition (P < 0.05). In the placebo condition, the plasma ANP concentration increased from 13.8 +/- 1.0 to 19.6 +/- 2.3 pmol/l (P < 0.01) at the lowest barometric pressure. Plasma renin activity did not change, whereas the plasma aldosterone levels increased consequent to the increase of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Continuous infusion of ANP increased the plasma levels twofold (P < 0.001) and the level of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate threefold (P < 0.001). However, the plasma aldosterone concentrations were not different in the two experimental conditions. Administration of supplementary oxygen significantly decreased ACTH to baseline values (P < 0.01) together with a decrease in aldosterone. Free water clearance (P = 0.05) but not sodium excretion (P = NS) increased during continuous ANP infusion. The data indicate that the aldosterone secretion in hypoxia is not inhibited by (patho)physiological plasma ANP levels. The inhibition of aldosterone secretion may well be explained by a direct effect of hypoxia on the adrenal cells. ACTH is a major stimulus of aldosterone secretion in hypoxia, which overrides the natriuretic effect of ANP.

Acute effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on lung mechanics and hemodynamics in awake sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 728-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Banerjee ◽  
J. H. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Lung Mechanics ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Hemodynamic Effects ◽  
Airway Response ◽  
Dynamic Lung Compliance ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The purpose of this study was to measure airway and hemodynamic effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and its efficacy in counteracting the changes in lung mechanics that occur with aerosol histamine and carbachol. Synthetic human alpha-ANP was injected into the pulmonary arteries of awake sheep chronically instrumented for measurement of lung mechanics and hemodynamics (n = 7). Base-line dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) and pulmonary resistance (RL) did not change after ANP injection. On separate days, the dose required to reduce Cdyn to 65% of base line (ED65Cdyn) to progressive doses of aerosol histamine and the dose required to increase RL by 100% of the base-line values (ED200RL) to progressive doses of aerosol carbachol were determined. ANP was given as bolus injections of 1, 5, and 10 micrograms/kg 3 min after either the ED65Cdyn or ED200RL doses of histamine and carbachol, respectively, and the airway response was monitored for 10 min. ANP significantly reversed the rise in RL after carbachol administration (n = 10). This action of ANP was not altered by cyclooxygenase inhibition with ibuprofen. ANP did not reverse the reduction in Cdyn caused by either histamine (n = 7) or carbachol. The bronchodilating effect of ANP appears to be more prominent in the larger central airways than in the peripheral airways. The hemodynamic effects of ANP were similar to those reported by others. Heart rate and cardiac output had a biphasic response, with an initial rise followed by a drop below the base line. Systemic arterial and left atrial pressures decreased significantly. Pulmonary arterial pressure did not change significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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