Localization of the reflex pathway responsible for the vasodepressor reaction induced by inferior vena caval occlusion and isoproterenol

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 882-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menashe B. Waxman ◽  
John A. Asta ◽  
Douglas A. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Inferior Vena Caval ◽  
Afferent Signal ◽  
Stellate Ganglia ◽  
Heart Rate Slowing ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Vagus

Vasodepressor reactions were induced in 27 rats by a combination of inferior vena caval occlusion and an infusion of isoproterenol. A vasodepressor reaction was defined as paradoxical heart rate slowing during inferior vena caval occlusion. The R-R intervals were measured at 5-s intervals before, during, and after 60 s of inferior vena caval occlusion. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the right and left vagus nerve and the right and left stellate ganglia in this reflex. Under control conditions inferior vena caval occlusion accelerated the rate (R-R, −15.9 ± 0.9 ms). During an infusion of isoproterenol (0.5–1.0 μg∙min−1), inferior vena caval occlusion produced paradoxical rate slowing, i.e., a vasodepressor reaction (R-R, +75.0 ± 2.2 ms). The vasodepressor reaction was examined during inferior vena caval occlusion and isoproterenol under the following additional states: atropine methyl bromide or right vagotomy did not alter the reaction; left vagotomy eliminated the reaction; and right or left stellectomy greatly reduced the vasodepressor reaction. We conclude the following: (1) left vagal afferents mediate the vasodepressor reaction; (2) cardiac sympathetic fibers participate in the vasodepressor reaction by withdrawing efferent tone through the right stellate ganglion, and by generating the afferent signal, which triggers the vasodepressor reaction through the left stellate ganglion.Key words: vasodepressor reaction, reflex localization, isoproterenol.

Initial Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Alastair Proudfoot ◽  
◽  
Helen Yarranton ◽  
Simon Gibbs ◽  
Derek Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Acute Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Inferior Vena Caval ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
In Pregnancy

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common presentation on the acute medical take. In our previous article in Vol 6 issue 1 we discussed the diagnostic approach to this condition. This article concentrates on the treatment of PE, including guidance for treatment of PE in pregnancy and cancer. This article also discusses the role of alternative anticoagulants, thrombolysis, surgery and inferior vena caval filters.

Role of right heart receptors in the control of renin, vasopressin, and cortisol secretion in dogs

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. R1071-R1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Carr ◽  
D. B. Jennings ◽  
T. N. Thrasher ◽  
L. C. Keil ◽  
D. J. Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Atrial Pressure ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
The Right ◽  
Maximal Reduction

We have reported that increased left heart pressure inhibits increases in plasma renin activity (PRA), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and cortisol during arterial hypotension. The goal of this study was to determine whether increases in right heart pressure also inhibited hormonal responses to hypotension. Seven dogs were chronically instrumented with inflatable cuffs around the ascending aorta (AA), the pulmonary artery (PA), and the thoracic inferior vena cava (IVC), as well as with catheters in both atria, the abdominal aorta, and vena cava. The IVC, the PA, and the AA cuffs were inflated on different days to cause step reductions in mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 5, 10, 20, and 30% below control MAP. Graded constriction of the AA caused large increases in left atrial pressure and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), but had no effect on plasma AVP or cortisol and caused only a small increase in PRA at the maximal reduction of MAP. Constriction of the IVC reduced both atrial pressures and plasma ANP, but stimulated increases in PRA, AVP, and cortisol. Constriction of the PA increased right atrial pressure and plasma ANP and caused increases in plasma AVP and cortisol that were similar to responses during IVC constriction, but the PRA response was only half (P < 0.05). These results indicate that increasing pressure on the right side of the heart can attenuate the PRA response to hypotension, and suggest that the inhibition is mediated by the rise in plasma ANP.

Arterial baroreceptors control plasma vasopressin responses to graded hypotension in conscious dogs

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (2) ◽  
pp. R469-R475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry N. Thrasher ◽  
Hong-Gen Chen ◽  
Lanny C. Keil
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Inferior Vena Caval ◽  
Arterial Baroreceptors ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
The Individual

We studied the role of cardiac and arterial baroreceptors in the reflex control of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and renin secretion during graded hypotension in conscious dogs. The dogs were prepared with Silastic cuffs on the thoracic inferior vena cava and catheters in the pericardial space. Each experiment consisted of a control period followed by four periods of inferior vena caval constriction, during which mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced in increments of ∼10 mmHg. The hormonal responses were measured in five dogs under four treatment conditions: 1) intact, 2) acute cardiac denervation (CD) by intrapericardial infusion of procaine, 3) after sinoaortic denervation (SAD), and 4) during combined SAD+CD. The individual slopes relating MAP to plasma AVP and plasma renin activity (PRA) were used to compare the treatment effects using a 2 × 2 factorial analysis. There was a significant ( P < 0.01) effect of SAD on the slope relating plasma AVP to MAP but no effect of CD and no SAD × CD interaction. In contrast, the slope relating PRA and MAP was increased ( P < 0.05) by SAD but was not affected by CD. These results support the hypothesis that stimulation of AVP secretion in response to graded hypotension is primarily driven by unloading arterial baroreceptors in the dog.

Inferior vena caval tumor thrombus extending into the right atrium in a patient with pancreatic cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beste Ozben ◽  
Nurdan Papila ◽  
M. Azra Tanrikulu ◽  
Fatih Bayalan ◽  
Ali Serdar Fak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Tumor Thrombus ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Inferior Vena Caval ◽  
The Right ◽  
Caval Tumor Thrombus

Inferior Vena Caval Bullet Embolism

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
Rajendar K Suri ◽  
Neerod K Jha ◽  
Virendar Sarwal ◽  
Arunanshu Behera ◽  
Ashok Attri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Iliac Vein ◽  
Inferior Vena Caval ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Right

We report a case of bullet penetration into the left iliac vein, with embolus into the inferior vena cava and migration up to the junction of the inferior vena cava and the right atrium. The bullet was subsequently extracted through laparotomy from the infrarenal segment of the inferior vena cava, just above its bifurcation.

Critical Role of Inferior Vena Caval Filter Placement After Pulmonary Embolectomy

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rosenberger ◽  
Stanton K. Shernan ◽  
James D. Rawn ◽  
Joseph Scott ◽  
Holger K. Eltzschig
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Filter Placement ◽  
Inferior Vena Caval ◽  
Pulmonary Embolectomy ◽  
Caval Filter ◽  
Inferior Vena Caval Filter ◽  
Vena Caval Filter

Role of Pulmonary Vagal Afferent Nerve Fibres in the Development of Rapid Shallow Breathing in Lung Inflammation

1972 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Trenchard ◽  
D. Gardner ◽  
A. Guz
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Inflammatory Lesion ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Shallow Breathing ◽  
Vagal Afferent ◽  
Myelinated Fibres ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Vagus

1. The administration of the polysaccharide carageenin through a catheter into the lungs of cats and rabbits has produced an inflammatory lesion confined to one lobe of a lung. The lesion consisted of an alveolar and interstitial infiltration with polymorphonuclear leucocytes and, subsequently, macrophages. There was no apparent damage to alveolar walls and no pleurisy. The rest of the lung remained normal. 2. In both conscious cats and anaesthetized rabbits there was an increased frequency of breathing dependent on an intact vagus nerve on the same side as the lesion. It was independent of changes in body temperature and was not due to hypoxaemia. 3. By using a direct current to the right cervical vagus nerve in the rabbits (with the left vagus nerve sectioned), it has been possible to block conduction in myelinated fibres; the non-myelinated fibres conduct normally. Studies with this differentially blocked nerve have shown that the increased frequency of breathing is dependent on activity in the non-myelinated vagal afferent fibres.

Influence of venous injection sites on evolution of dilution curves in dogs

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-510
Author(s):  
Ramon L. Lange ◽  
James T. Botticelli
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Superior Vena Caval ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Inferior Vena Caval ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dilution Curves

The role of venous passage of indicator from different venous injection sites on the genesis of right heart and pulmonary artery dilution curves was examined. Right heart and pulmonary artery thermodilution curves were recorded after injection of cool dye into commonly used portals—superior vena caval, right atrial, and inferior vena caval—and the contour compared with the subsequent femoral artery dye dilution curve. With superior vena caval or right atrial injection, the contour and disappearance slopes of the pulmonary artery curve bore an extremely variable relationship to those of the femoral artery curve. In sharp contrast, inferior vena caval injection yielded pulmonary artery curves with disappearance slopes which were highly correlated with the femoral artery slope ( r = .99). With inferior vena caval injection, considerable temporal dispersion and spatial dispersion of indicator is found at the right atrial level. With superior vena caval injection distribution mainly occurred beyond the right atrium and even beyond the pulmonary artery in eight out of ten animal studies. The geometry of the venous system may explain this difference. Inaccuracies in flow calculation from right heart dilution curves in dogs would seem to be minimized by inferior vena caval injection.

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