Distribution and prevalence of Dracunculus spp. (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) in mammals in Ontario

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Frederick Joseph Crichton ◽  
Mary Beverley-Burton
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Procyon Lotor ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Ondatra Zibethicus ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Mustela Erminea ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Lutra Canadensis ◽  
Common Parasite

Within Ontario Dracunculus insignis (Leidy 1858) Chandler 1942, a common parasite of raccoon, Procyon lotor (L) (prevalence > 50%), and mink, Mustela vison Schreber (prevalence > 50%), is apparently confined to the southern part of the province. In this area D. insignis was also found in fisher, Martes pennanti (Erxleben); and Dracunculus sp. was found in short-tailed weasel, Mustela erminea (L), muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus (L), and opossum, Didelphis marsupialis (L). The distribution of D. insignis coincides with that of raccoon in Ontario, and it is suggested that raccoon may be a reservoir host for this species and that mink became incorporated into its life cycle secondarily. Dracunculus lutrae Chrichton and Beverley-Burton 1973 of the otter, Lutra canadensis (Schreber), was found across the entire province and, in most areas, the prevalence exceeded 75%. During the trapping season (October–April) larvigerous females were found in 20 (44.4%) of 45 otter infected with D. lutrae in southern Ontario, but were absent from the limbs of 132 infected otter from northern Ontario.

Dracunculus lutrae n. sp. (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) from the otter, Lutra canadensis, in Ontario, Canada

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Frederick Joseph Crichton ◽  
Mary Beverley-Burton
Keyword(s):  
Procyon Lotor ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Mustela Vison ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Ondatra Zibethicus ◽  
Mustela Erminea ◽  
Guinea Worm ◽  
Taxidea Taxus ◽  
Lutra Canadensis

Over the interval 1969–1971, carcasses of 1147 mammals taken in Ontario, Canada, were examined for guinea worm. Dracunculus lutrae n. sp., was recovered from otter Lutra canadensis (Schreber). Dracunculus insignis (Leidy 1858) Chandler 1942, was found in raccoon Procyon lotor (L.), mink (Mustela vison Schreber), and fisher (Martes pennanti (Erxleben)). Female worms identified, in the absence of males, as Dracunculus sp. were found in muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus (L.), opossum (Didelphis marsupialis L.), and short-tailed weasel (Mustela erminea L.) from Ontario and a single badger (Taxidea taxus (Schreber)) from Manitoba.Dracunculus lutrae n, sp. is distinguished from other species of Dracunculus which parasitize mammals (namely D. medinensis (Linnaeus 1758), D. insignis, and D. fuelleborni Travassos 1934), by the greater length of males, greater length of spicules and gubernaculum, presence of three pairs of preanal papillae, and the arrangement in two transverse rows of papillae immediately posterior to the anus. A brief redescription of D. insignis from raccoon and mink is given. The taxonomic status of the species of Dracunculus parasitizing mammals is briefly discussed.

‘How do you get to Tim Hortons?’ Direction-giving in Ontario dialects

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Lisa Schlegl ◽  
Sali A. Tagliamonte
Keyword(s):  
Regional Variation ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
Canadian English ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Cardinal Directions ◽  
Physical Layout

AbstractIn this study, we target the speech act of direction-giving using variationist sociolinguistic methods within a corpus of vernacular speech from six Ontario communities. Not only do we find social and geographical correlates to linguistic choices in direction-giving, but we also establish the influence of the physical layout of the community/place in question. Direction-giving in the urban center of Toronto (Southern Ontario) contrasts with five Northern Ontario communities. Northerners use more relative directions, while Torontonians use more cardinal directions, landmarks, and proper street names – for example, Go east on Bloor to the Manulife Centre. We also find that specific lexical choices (e.g., Take a right vs. Make a right) distinguish direction-givers in Northern Ontario from those in Toronto. These differences identify direction-giving as an ideal site for sociolinguistic and dialectological investigation and corroborate previous findings documenting regional variation in Canadian English.

Life cycle assessment of thermal energy production from short-rotation willow biomass in Southern Ontario, Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goretty M. Dias ◽  
Nathan W. Ayer ◽  
Kumudinie Kariyapperuma ◽  
Naresh Thevathasan ◽  
Andrew Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Short Rotation

scholarly journals An alvar race of the couperi subspecies of the Silvery Blue (Glaucopsyche lygdamus couperi) in southeastern Ontario?

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Catling ◽  
Ross A. Layberry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitats ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitat ◽  
Eastern Ontario ◽  
Glaucopsyche Lygdamus

The couperi subspecies of the Silvery Blue (Glaucopsyche lygdamus couperi) has expanded its range southward in northeastern North America using introduced legumes and open anthropogenic habitats. The discovery of a population of the Silvery Blue (Glaucopsyche lygdamus) in an eastern Ontario alvar woodland in 2011 suggests that the Silvery Blue may have been long established (although restricted) in southern Ontario. Three larvae from this population were reared from eggs deposited on native Neglected Milk-Vetch (Astragalus neglectus) by free-flying females in 2012. The three larvae, pupae, and single reared adult, as well as other adults from the alvar woodland, are described and compared with specimens associated with open anthropogenic habitat and introduced legumes. The alvar woodland specimens were closer to the northern Ontario subsp. couperi than to the subsp. lygdamus of the eastern United States. Although the alvar woodland larvae were darker green than subsp. couperi and the spots on the adults were on average larger than in subsp. couperi, the alvar woodland Silvery Blues could not be definitively distinguished from subsp. couperi, including specimens from northern Ontario and those from southern Ontario associated with open habitats. Nevertheless, there is a possibility that the alvar woodland population of the Silvery Blue dates from early postglacial times and represents a distinct race separate from the Silvery Blue of open habitats.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHILODROMUS RUFUS COMPLEX IN NORTH AMERICA (ARANEIDA: THOMISIDAE)

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Dondale
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Mating Behaviors

The mating behaviors of Philodromus rufus-like spiders from the Pacific coast, northern Ontario, and southern Ontario near Belleville revealed two species and a subspecies. P. rufus Walckenaer is identified as a transcontinental species in which the males vibrate their legs in courtship and possess an "angular" retro-lateral apophysis on the palpal tibia. P. rufus vibrans Dondale is a small, heavily-speckled subspecies of rufus. The second species is P. exilis Banks, in which the males do not vibrate and have a "non-angular" apophysis, and which occurs in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence-Acadian forests of eastern North America.

Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni in raccoons ( Procyon lotor ) on swine farms and in conservation areas in southern Ontario

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine A. Vogt ◽  
David L. Pearl ◽  
Eduardo N. Taboada ◽  
Steven K. Mutschall ◽  
Kristin J. Bondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Procyon Lotor ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Swine Farms

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE TAXONOMY OF METASTRONGYLES (NEMATODA: METASTRONGYLOIDEA) OF MUSTELIDAE IN ONTARIO

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Stage Larva ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Caudal Extremity ◽  
Lutra Canadensis

Trilobostrongylus bioccai n.gen., n.sp. from cysts on the lungs of Martes pennanti pennanti (Erxleben) from Algonquin Park is distinct from other members of the Angiostrongylinae primarily on the basis of its large, trilobed bursa. In addition, the dorsal ray is long and well developed, the spicules are long and slender, the externolateral rays are large, the caudal extremity of the female is pointed, and the species is ovoviviparous. Larvae developed in Discus cronkhitei (Newcomb), Zonitoides arboreus (Say), Deroceras gracile (Rafinesque), and Physa integra Haldeman. Filaroides canadensis n.sp. from small nodules in the lungs of Lutra canadensis canadensis (Schreber) from Algonquin Park is distinguished from F. martis by its much shorter spicules, its weakly developed gubernaculum, and its longer and more slender first-stage larva which failed to develop in Physa integra. Perostrongylus Schlegel 1934 is reinstated and redefined to include ovoviviparous species, namely P. falciformis (Schlegel, 1933) Schlegel, 1934, and P. pridhami (Anderson, 1962) n.comb., which were formerly assigned to Aelurostrongylus.

A comparative study of the biology of five species of Neophylax (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) in southern Ontario

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1741-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Beam ◽  
G. B. Wiggins
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Temporal Development ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Organic Particles ◽  
Fine Organic ◽  
Stream Systems

The habitat, life cycle, behaviour, and food of five species of caddisflies of the genus Neophylax (N. aniqua Ross, N. ornatus Banks, N. concinnus McLachlan, N. oligius Ross, and N. fuscus Banks) were compared, based on general surveys and biweekly to monthly samples from several stream systems in southern Ontario. Larvae of four of the species, N. aniqua, N. concinnus, N. oligius, and N. fuscus, occur sequentially from the headwaters downstream and grow from late autumn through spring, but differ slightly in temporal development; adults of these species emerge in September and October, after a summer prepupal diapause. Larvae of the fifth species, N. ornatus, grow in late summer and autumn; their habitat coincides with portions of the habitats of N. aniqua and N. concinnus in cool headwater sections of streams, but adults emerge in June following a winter diapause. These species also differ in duration of diapause, case construction, location of pupal cases, and oviposition. All species graze on algae and fine organic particles from exposed surfaces of rocks. The study demonstrates that the five species of Neophylax studied differ in larval habitat and in time of development in ways that tend to keep them separate in stream systems. Evolutionary implications are considered.

Three-Dimensional Distribution of Winter Stonefly Nymphs, Allocapnia pygmaea, within the Substrate of a Southern Ontario River

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1812-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
C W. Pugsley ◽  
H. B. N. Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Stream Insects ◽  
Summer Diapause ◽  
Dimensional Distribution

Changes in the three-dimensional distribution patterns of stonefly nymphs, Allocapnia pygmaea, beneath the streambed in the Speed River, southern Ontario, were monitored throughout their 1-yr life cycle using 270 colonization chambers. These were filled with organism-free, sieved stream gravel and buried in vertical groups of three, at three depth intervals, in three trenches positioned across a riffle. Nymphs were present throughout the year. Seasonal changes in the distribution pattern of nymphs indicated that they were able to move beneath the streambed in both the horizontal and vertical planes. Nymphs were most abundant at depth during the summer diapause, but moved up to the surface once diapause had been broken in the autumn. There was no evidence of any bankwards migration of nymphs prior to emergence. We have therefore confirmed in detail previous suggestions that stream insects move freely into and out of the hyporheic, using it as a refuge from adverse conditions on the streambed. Stream ecologists should therefore be aware of the possibilities of movement to and from the hyporheic when working with benthic invertebrates.

Observations on the life history and burrow construction of the crayfish Cambarus fodiens (Cottle) in a temporary stream in southern Ontario

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dudley Williams ◽  
N. E. Williams ◽  
H. B. N. Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Drainage Ditches ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Temporary Streams ◽  
Temporary Stream ◽  
Two Stages

Cambarus fodiens, usually considered an inhabitant of ponds and drainage ditches, is shown to be able to complete its life cycle in a temporary running-water habitat. Details of its life history are given. Sampling methods for burrowing crayfishes are briefly reviewed and a new method is described. The typical burrow construction of this species is shown to be modified at two stages in the life cycle, once in the ovigerous females, and again in the newly released juveniles. It is possible that other inhabitants of temporary streams use these crayfish burrows as refuges when the groundwater table rereats.

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