Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni in raccoons ( Procyon lotor ) on swine farms and in conservation areas in southern Ontario

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine A. Vogt ◽  
David L. Pearl ◽  
Eduardo N. Taboada ◽  
Steven K. Mutschall ◽  
Kristin J. Bondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Procyon Lotor ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Swine Farms

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Raccoons (Procyon lotor) and the Environment on Swine Farms and Conservation Areas in Southern Ontario

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e0165303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin J. Bondo ◽  
David L. Pearl ◽  
Nicol Janecko ◽  
Patrick Boerlin ◽  
Richard J. Reid-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Procyon Lotor ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Swine Farms

scholarly journals Impact of Season, Demographic and Environmental Factors on Salmonella Occurrence in Raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Swine Farms and Conservation Areas in Southern Ontario

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e0161497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin J. Bondo ◽  
David L. Pearl ◽  
Nicol Janecko ◽  
Patrick Boerlin ◽  
Richard J. Reid-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Procyon Lotor ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Swine Farms

scholarly journals Campylobacter jejuni Strain Dynamics in a Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Population in Southern Ontario, Canada: High Prevalence and Rapid Subtype Turnover

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven K. Mutschall ◽  
Benjamin M. Hetman ◽  
Kristin J. Bondo ◽  
Victor P. J. Gannon ◽  
Claire M. Jardine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Procyon Lotor ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
High Prevalence

Distribution and prevalence of Dracunculus spp. (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) in mammals in Ontario

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Frederick Joseph Crichton ◽  
Mary Beverley-Burton
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Procyon Lotor ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Ondatra Zibethicus ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Mustela Erminea ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Lutra Canadensis ◽  
Common Parasite

Within Ontario Dracunculus insignis (Leidy 1858) Chandler 1942, a common parasite of raccoon, Procyon lotor (L) (prevalence > 50%), and mink, Mustela vison Schreber (prevalence > 50%), is apparently confined to the southern part of the province. In this area D. insignis was also found in fisher, Martes pennanti (Erxleben); and Dracunculus sp. was found in short-tailed weasel, Mustela erminea (L), muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus (L), and opossum, Didelphis marsupialis (L). The distribution of D. insignis coincides with that of raccoon in Ontario, and it is suggested that raccoon may be a reservoir host for this species and that mink became incorporated into its life cycle secondarily. Dracunculus lutrae Chrichton and Beverley-Burton 1973 of the otter, Lutra canadensis (Schreber), was found across the entire province and, in most areas, the prevalence exceeded 75%. During the trapping season (October–April) larvigerous females were found in 20 (44.4%) of 45 otter infected with D. lutrae in southern Ontario, but were absent from the limbs of 132 infected otter from northern Ontario.

Epidemiology ofSalmonellaon the Paws and in the Faeces of Free-Ranging Raccoons (Procyon Lotor) in Southern Ontario, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Bondo ◽  
D. L. Pearl ◽  
N. Janecko ◽  
P. Boerlin ◽  
R. J. Reid-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Procyon Lotor ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in GenericEscherichia coliIsolates from Wild Small Mammals Living in Swine Farm, Residential, Landfill, and Natural Environments in Southern Ontario, Canada

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 882-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha E. Allen ◽  
Patrick Boerlin ◽  
Nicol Janecko ◽  
John S. Lumsden ◽  
Ian K. Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Swine Farm ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Swine Farms

ABSTRACTTo assess the impacts of different types of human activity on the development of resistant bacteria in the feces of wild small mammals, we compared the prevalences and patterns of antimicrobial resistance and resistance genes in genericEscherichia coliandSalmonella entericaisolates from fecal samples collected from wild small mammals living in four environments: swine farms, residential areas, landfills, and natural habitats. Resistance to antimicrobials was observed inE. coliisolates from animals in all environments: 25/52 (48%) animals trapped at swine farms, 6/69 (9%) animals trapped in residential areas, 3/20 (15%) animals trapped at landfills, and 1/22 (5%) animals trapped in natural habitats. Animals trapped on farms were significantly more likely to carryE. coliisolates with resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, sulfisoxazole, and streptomycin than animals trapped in residential areas. The resistance genessul2,aadA, andtet(A) were significantly more likely to be detected inE. coliisolates from animals trapped on farms than from those trapped in residential areas. ThreeS. entericaserotypes (Give, Typhimurium, and Newport) were recovered from the feces of 4/302 (1%) wild small mammals. AllSalmonellaisolates were pansusceptible. Our results show that swine farm origin is significantly associated with the presence of resistant bacteria and resistance genes in wild small mammals in southern Ontario, Canada. However, resistant fecal bacteria were found in small mammals living in all environments studied, indicating that environmental exposure to antimicrobials, antimicrobial residues, resistant bacteria, or resistance genes is widespread.

scholarly journals Longitudinal study of Clostridium difficile shedding in raccoons on swine farms and conservation areas in Ontario, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin J. Bondo ◽  
J. Scott Weese ◽  
Joyce Rouseau ◽  
Claire M. Jardine
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Swine Farms

Campylobacter jejuni and Arcobacter species associated with intussusception in a raccoon (Procyon lotor)

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (11) ◽  
pp. 338-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Hamir ◽  
S. Franklin ◽  
I. V. Wesley ◽  
R. J. Sonn
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Procyon Lotor

scholarly journals Using whole-genome sequence data to examine the epidemiology of Salmonella, Escherichia coli and associated antimicrobial resistance in raccoons (Procyon lotor), swine manure pits, and soil samples on swine farms in southern Ontario, Canada

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260234
Author(s):  
Nadine A. Vogt ◽  
Benjamin M. Hetman ◽  
David L. Pearl ◽  
Adam A. Vogt ◽  
Richard J. Reid-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Swine Farms ◽  
Source Type

To better understand the contribution of wildlife to the dissemination of Salmonella and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella and Escherichia coli, we examined whole-genome sequence data from Salmonella and E. coli isolates collected from raccoons (Procyon lotor) and environmental sources on farms in southern Ontario. All Salmonella and phenotypically resistant E. coli collected from raccoons, soil, and manure pits on five swine farms as part of a previous study were included. We assessed for evidence of potential transmission of these organisms between different sources and farms utilizing a combination of population structure assessments (using core-genome multi-locus sequence typing), direct comparisons of multi-drug resistant isolates, and epidemiological modeling of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and plasmid incompatibility (Inc) types. Univariable logistic regression models were fit to assess the impact of source type, farm location, and sampling year on the occurrence of select resistance genes and Inc types. A total of 159 Salmonella and 96 resistant E. coli isolates were included. A diversity of Salmonella serovars and sequence types were identified, and, in some cases, we found similar or identical Salmonella isolates and resistance genes between raccoons, soil, and swine manure pits. Certain Inc types and resistance genes associated with source type were consistently more likely to be identified in isolates from raccoons than swine manure pits, suggesting that manure pits are not likely a primary source of those particular resistance determinants for raccoons. Overall, our data suggest that transmission of Salmonella and AMR determinants between raccoons and swine manure pits is uncommon, but soil-raccoon transmission appears to be occurring frequently. More comprehensive sampling of farms, and assessment of farms with other livestock species, as well as additional environmental sources (e.g., rivers) may help to further elucidate the movement of resistance genes between these various sources.

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