A comparative study of the biology of five species of Neophylax (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) in southern Ontario

The habitat, life cycle, behaviour, and food of five species of caddisflies of the genus Neophylax (N. aniqua Ross, N. ornatus Banks, N. concinnus McLachlan, N. oligius Ross, and N. fuscus Banks) were compared, based on general surveys and biweekly to monthly samples from several stream systems in southern Ontario. Larvae of four of the species, N. aniqua, N. concinnus, N. oligius, and N. fuscus, occur sequentially from the headwaters downstream and grow from late autumn through spring, but differ slightly in temporal development; adults of these species emerge in September and October, after a summer prepupal diapause. Larvae of the fifth species, N. ornatus, grow in late summer and autumn; their habitat coincides with portions of the habitats of N. aniqua and N. concinnus in cool headwater sections of streams, but adults emerge in June following a winter diapause. These species also differ in duration of diapause, case construction, location of pupal cases, and oviposition. All species graze on algae and fine organic particles from exposed surfaces of rocks. The study demonstrates that the five species of Neophylax studied differ in larval habitat and in time of development in ways that tend to keep them separate in stream systems. Evolutionary implications are considered.

Download Full-text

Preliminary investigations into the life cycle of Ventruia inaequalis (Cooke) WINT. in South Australia.

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9530415 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 415 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MW Jeffery

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Primary Infection ◽

South Australia ◽

Late Summer ◽

Relative Importance ◽

New Information ◽

One Year

Investigation into the possible sources of primary infection by the fungus Ventruia inaequalis (Cooke) Wint. in spring has been carried out. The results present new information on the life cycle of the pathogen under South Australian conditions. Sources of primary infection, such 'as lesions on one-year-old wood or overwintering superficial conidia on the trees, do not appear important. Bud-scale infection of dormant buds has been shown, and its relative importance is discussed. Ascospores are the most important source of primary infection. Their period of discharge extends to a later date than previously reported for South Australia and is considered in relation to leader shoot and late summer spot infection.

Download Full-text

Effect of acid mine drainage on the chemical composition and fall velocity of fine organic particles

Ecological Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.12.009 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 24 (1-2) ◽

pp. 75-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Claudia Bethwell ◽

Michael Mutz

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Acid Mine Drainage ◽

Mine Drainage ◽

Fall Velocity ◽

Acid Mine ◽

Organic Particles ◽

Fine Organic

Download Full-text

Survey and control of small mammal populations on two hardwood plantations in southern Ontario

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc50181-5 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 181-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andrew Radvanyi

Keyword(s):

Small Mammal ◽

Late Summer ◽

Control Measures ◽

Effective Control ◽

Southern Ontario ◽

Live Trapping ◽

Surrounding Areas ◽

And Control ◽

Rodent Populations ◽

Ingredient Cost

Live trapping and tagging methods were employed to assess small mammal populations within two hardwood plantations in southern Ontario. Excessive girdling damage in past years to young planted trees necessitated an evaluation of rodent populations and development of effective control measures. The application of an anticoagulant rodenticide to oat groats bait broadcast over the study area at an ingredient cost of approximately three dollars per acre virtually wiped out the small mammals. Reinvasion from surrounding areas was, however, fairly rapid, particularly during late summer. Further research on longer term control measures using poisoned bait feeder stations is recommended.

Download Full-text

Larval habitats impose trait-dependent limits on the direction and rate of adult evolution in dragonflies

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2021.0023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 20210023

Author(s):

Michael P. Moore

Keyword(s):

Natural Selection ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Adult Stage ◽

Larval Habitat ◽

Adult Size ◽

Larval Habitats ◽

Size Evolution ◽

Fitness Benefits ◽

Context Dependent ◽

Ornament Evolution

Natural selection on juveniles is often invoked as a constraint on adult evolution, but it remains unclear when such restrictions will have their greatest impact. Selection on juveniles could, for example, mainly limit the evolution of adult traits that mostly develop prior to maturity. Alternatively, selection on juveniles might primarily constrain the evolution of adult traits that experience weak or context-dependent selection in the adult stage. Using a comparative study of dragonflies, I tested these hypotheses by examining how a species’ larval habitat was related to the evolution of two adult traits that differ in development and exposure to selection: adult size and male ornamentation. Whereas adult size is fixed at metamorphosis and experiences consistent positive selection in the adult stage, ornaments develop throughout adulthood and provide context-dependent fitness benefits. My results show that species that develop in less stable larval habitats have smaller adult sizes and slower rates of adult size evolution. However, these risky larval habitats do not limit ornament expression or rates of ornament evolution. Selection on juveniles may therefore primarily affect the evolution of adult traits that mostly develop prior to maturity.

Download Full-text

Life cycle assessment of thermal energy production from short-rotation willow biomass in Southern Ontario, Canada

Applied Energy ◽

10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.07.051 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 204 ◽

pp. 343-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Goretty M. Dias ◽

Nathan W. Ayer ◽

Kumudinie Kariyapperuma ◽

Naresh Thevathasan ◽

Andrew Gordon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Thermal Energy ◽

Energy Production ◽

Southern Ontario ◽

Short Rotation

Download Full-text

Lipid accumulation by migrating monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus L.)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z93-012 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 76-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

David L. Gibo ◽

Jody A. McCurdy

Keyword(s):

Lipid Accumulation ◽

Seasonal Changes ◽

Late Phase ◽

Danaus Plexippus ◽

Late Summer ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Middle Phase ◽

Southern Ontario ◽

Lipid Mass ◽

Peak Abundance

The migration of Danaus plexippus during the late summer in southern Ontario in 1986 lasted for about 8 weeks and consisted of three phases, an early phase characterized by increasing abundance, a middle phase of peak abundance, and a late phase characterized by declining abundance. As the season progressed, systematic changes were observed in wet mass, dry mass, lean dry mass, lipid mass, and forewing length. Wet mass, lean dry mass, and forewing length were similar for early- and middle-phase individuals, but declined in late-phase migrants. Lipid mass peaked in the middle phase of the migration and then declined abruptly in the late phase. Dry mass also peaked in the middle phase, reflecting changes in lipid mass and lean dry mass. We hypothesize that the observed changes in lipid mass and lean dry mass over the 8 weeks resulted from changes in population structure as well as seasonal changes in the weather, and in availability of nectar. Opposing conclusions reached in previous studies of lipid accumulation in D. plexippus are probably the result of failure to control for phase of migration.

Download Full-text