Dissodactylus xantusi and Dissodactylus lockingtoni (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae): larval development of two sympatric Pacific species

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard W. Pohle
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Zoeal Stage ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Separate Genus ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sand Dollars ◽  
Development Proceeds ◽  
Pacific Species

Dissodactylus xantusi and D. lockingtoni are small pinnotherid crabs living with D. nitidus as ectosymbionts on the Pacific sand dollars Encope grandis, E. californica, E. micropora, and Mellita longifissa. Like D. nitidus, D. xantusi and D. lockingtoni develop through four zoeal stages before metamorphosing to the megalopa. This is in contrast to the Atlantic species with known larval development, which all have three zoeal stages. All larval stages are described in detail, including the distribution of chromatophores and the types of setae. Beginning with the first zoea, the mean durations of the stages were 4.0, 3.8, 3.3, and 4 days for D. xantusi, the first megalopa appearing 15 days after hatching. The mean durations of the first three zoeal stages of D. lockingtoni were 3.3, 4.0, and 4.0 days, the only moult to a fourth zoea taking place 12 days after hatching. Laboratory-reared megalopae of D. lockingtoni were not obtained, but wild megalopae of both species were collected from hosts. Compared with Atlantic species of Dissodactylus, whose larvae differ interspecifically, zoeae of D. xantusi, D. lockingtoni, and D. nitidus are morphometrically and meristically very similar. In the first zoeal stage the relative length of the dorsal spine of the carapace is the only distinction between D. lockingtoni and the other two species, the differences in carapace spination becoming a little more pronounced as development proceeds. Megalopae of the three species can be readily distinguished on the basis of size, shape, chromatophore pattern, and setation. Dissodactylus xantusi shares with D. nitidus an oversize seta on the fifth leg that is not found in any megalopa of other Dissodactylus species. Collectively, larvae of the three Pacific species resemble more closely those of other members of the "large-palped," adult-defined subgroup (D. crinitichelis, D. mellitae, D. nitidus, D. primitivus) than those of members of the "small-palped" subgroup (D. stebbingi, D. rugatus), which has recently been proposed to be included in a separate genus, Clypeasterophilus.

Description of the first zoeal stage of Synalpheus apioceros Coutière, 1909 (Caridea: Alpheidae), including a comparative analysis with larval morphology from the genus Synalpheus Spence Bate, 1888

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4838 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
RAFAEL C. SANTOS ◽  
RÉGIS A. PESCINELLI ◽  
ROGERIO C. COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plumose Seta ◽  
Zoeal Stage ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
Larval Stages

Herein, the Zoea I of Synalpheus apioceros is described, followed by a comparative analysis of the first larval stage from Synalpheus. Larvae were obtained from two ovigerous females sampled in Ubatuba, São Paulo. The morphology of the Zoea I of S. apioceros was compared to five other Synalpheus species whose structures were previously described: S. biunguiculatus, S. minus, S. neomeris, S. pectiniger, and S. tumidomanus. A set of unique morphological characteristics was found for S. apioceros: exopod of antennule with 4 aesthetascs and 1 plumose seta; coxal endite of maxillule with 2 simple setae plus 2 plumose setae; basial endite of maxillule with 2 simple setae plus 2 short spines; endopod of maxillule with 1 plumose seta plus 2 simple setae; basial endite of maxilla bilobed with 2 (1 plumose and 1 simple) + 2 (1 plumose and 1 simple) setae; coxal endite of maxilla bilobed with 2 + 1 plumose setae; endopod of maxilla with 3 (1 plumose and 2 simple) terminal setae + 2 simple setae; endopod of first maxilliped unsegmented with 3 terminal simple setae; basis of first maxilliped with 5 spines; endopod of second maxilliped 5-segmented with 0, 0, 0, 1 plumodenticulate, 4 (1 serrate + 3 simple) setae; endopod of third maxilliped 5-segmented with 0, 0, 0, 1 simple, 3 simple setae; pereiopods 1st to 3rd birramous and 4th and 5th uniramous. S. apioceros shows higher morphological similarity with S. minus, followed by S. tumidomanus, S. neomeris and S. pectiniger, probably since these species present extended larval development. Besides the similar morphology among species, the unique attributes presented here are important for the genus’ taxonomy, being fundamental for identifying the first larval stages of Synalpheus, as well as for subsidizing information for species identification keys. 

scholarly journals Larval development of Notolopas brasiliensis Miers, 1886 (Brachyura: Majoidea: Pisidae) described from laboratory reared material and a reappraisal of the characters of Pisidae

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (19) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Santana ◽  
Fernando P.L. Marques ◽  
Adilson Fransozo ◽  
Giovana Bertini
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Zoeal Stage ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Larval Stages

The complete larval stages of Notolopas brasiliensis are described from laboratory reared material, with emphasis on the external morphological features of Majoidea, and compare the morphology of N. brasiliensis with other genera of Pisidae. Larval development of N. brasiliensis consists of two zoeal stages and one megalopa. The duration mean of each zoeal stage was 4.2 ± 1.0 days for Zoea I and 3.8 ± 0.7 days for Zoea II, the megalopa instar appearing 8.1 ± 0.4 days after hatching. The characters previously used to define larval forms of Pisidae are either symplesiomorphic or potentially highly homoplastic. As well, was observed that there are no common sets of larval characters that would define Pisidae nowadays. However, was showed that only a combination of characters could differentiate Notolopas from other pisid genera.

Morphology of the first zoeal stage of Macrobrachium surinamicum Holthuis, 1948 (Malacostraca, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) hatched in the laboratory

Crustaceana ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1337-1350
Author(s):  
Rony R. R. Vieira ◽  
Cleverson R. M. Santos ◽  
Arthur Anker
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Ovigerous Female ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Zoeal Stage ◽  
Freshwater Shrimp ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
Smooth Seta

The first zoeal stage of the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium surinamicum Holthuis, 1948 is described and illustrated based on hatchlings from an ovigerous female, collected in Rio Campupema, Abaetetuba, in the northern Brazilian state of Pará, and compared with the first zoeae of several other species of the genus occurring in Brazil. Although the first zoeae of the different species of Macrobrachium are morphologically very similar, they can still be separated by a combination of morphological characters but only M. surinamicum has one smooth seta on the maxillular endopod. Although a complete larval series of M. surinamicum presently remains unknown, as pereiopods 3-5 and pleopods are absent, the outcome of this study suggests that the larval development of this species is extended and includes at least seven larval stages.

Laboratory-reared larval stages of Dissodactylus mellitae (Decapoda: Braohyura: Pinnotheridae) and developmental patterns within the Dissodactylus species complex

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Marques ◽  
Gerhard Pohle
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Zoeal Stage ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Mean

Eggs of Dissodactylus mellitae were incubated for 9–10 days at 28 °C and larval development consisted of three or four zoeal stages and a megalopa. Beginning with the first zoea, the mean duration of successive stages was 5, 3, 4, and 5 days, the first megalopa appearing 10 days after hatching. Among the megalopae obtained, 87% molted from a third zoea, whereas 13% passed through a fourth zoeal stage before metamorphosing to a megalopa. The last zoea is not considered a substage, since it showed no morphological variation, and molting resulted in growth and consistent morphological changes. Compared with other species within the Dissodactylus complex, the development of D. mellitae represents an intermediary level between three and four zoeal stages. The number of zoeal stages of the ancestor of the Dissodactylus species complex cannot presently be inferred. Among larvae of Dissodactylus s.str., D. mellitae zoeae are characterized by a small carapace with relatively long spines and megalopae by a carapace that is as wide as long. The latter can also be distinguished among Atlantic species by the lack of a dactyl on maxilliped 3, by the absence of serrate setae on the chela, and by the blade of the scaphognathite bearing 5 simple setae but lacking a plumodenticulate seta. Within the Dissodactylus species complex significant relationships were determined between egg size and incubation period and between egg size, carapace length, and time to reach the megalopa stage. Another significant relationship was determined between egg size and the duration of the first zoeal stage, but this correlation did not hold for subsequent stages. Differences in survival rates from those of other species may be attributable to differences in diet and the use of antibiotics.

The effect of temperature and salinity on the larval development of Stenorhynchus seticornis (Brachyura: Inachidae) reared in the laboratory

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús E. Hernández ◽  
José Luis Palazón-Fernández ◽  
Gonzalo Hernández ◽  
Juan Bolaños
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Zoeal Stage ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Temperature Development ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Crab Stage

Larvae of Stenorhynchus seticornis were reared in the laboratory in a factorial experiment employing three temperatures (22, 25 and 28°C) and three salinities (30, 35 and 40‰) to determine the effects of these variables on the survival and duration of the larval stages. Larvae from five females were subdivided in six groups of 10 and reared in glass bowls containing 125 ml filtered and UV-irradiated seawater at different temperature–salinity combinations. Larvae were transferred daily to clean bowls with newly hatched Artemia nauplii, and the number of moults and mortality within each bowl was recorded. Complete larval development of S. seticornis occurred under all experimental conditions, except at temperature 28°C and salinity 35‰. Salinity affected percentage survival of the two zoeal stages, but not that of the megalopa. Survival of the second zoeal stage, the megalopa, and the complete development to the first crab was affected by temperature, with the greatest survival occurring at 25°C. Duration of the two zoeal stages, the megalopa, and development to the first crab stage showed a gradual reduction with increasing temperature. Development from hatching to the first crab stage required 17 to 31 days and was inversely related to temperature, averaging 26.9 days at 22°C, 21.0 days at 25°C and 19.7 days at 28°C. Salinity affected the duration of the first zoeal stage only.

A new species of the swimming crab genus, Laleonectes Manning & Chace, 1990 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Portunidae), from the western Indian Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4323 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSE CHRISTOPHER E. MENDOZA ◽  
SUVARNA S. DEVI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Swimming Crab ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Species ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Southwestern India

A new species of swimming crab, Laleonectes kuriya, is described from the western Indian Ocean (Réunion and southwestern India). The new species is morphologically most similar to the Pacific species, L. nipponensis (Sakai, 1938), but differs primarily in the relative length of the ambulatory legs, as well as in the shape of the malesixth pleomere and the form of the first and second male pleopods.  

A scanning electron microscopic study of the veliger larvae of the scallop argopecten purpuratus

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
G.C. Bellolio ◽  
K.S. Lohrmann ◽  
E.M. Dupré
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Description ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Argopecten Purpuratus ◽  
Veliger Larvae ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Ethanol Series ◽  
Scanning Electron

Argopecten purpuratus is a scallop distributed in the Pacific coast of Chile and Peru. Although this species is mass cultured in both countries there is no morphological description available of the development of this bivalve except for few characterizations of some larval stages described for culture purposes. In this work veliger larvae (app. 140 pm length) were examined by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to study some aspects of the organogenesis of this species.Veliger larvae were obtained from hatchery cultures, relaxed with a solution of MgCl2 and killed by slow addition of 21 glutaraldehyde (GA) in seawater (SW). They were fixed in 2% GA in calcium free artificial SW (pH 8.3), rinsed 3 times in calcium free SW, and dehydrated in a graded ethanol series. The larvae were critical point dried and mounted on double scotch tape (DST). To permit internal view, some valves were removed by slightly pressing and lifting the tip of a cactus spine wrapped with DST, The samples were coated with 20 nm gold and examined with a JEOL JSM T-300 operated at 15 KV.

Combined effects of pollutants and salinity on embryo-larval development of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perrine Gamain ◽  
Patrice Gonzalez ◽  
Jérôme Cachot ◽  
Patrick Pardon ◽  
Nathalie Tapie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
The Pacific

Development of Camallanus adamsi Bashirullah, 1974 (Nematoda: Camallanidae) in cyclopoid copepods

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2055-2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. M. Bashirullah ◽  
Benazir Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Mesocyclops Leuckarti

The larval development of Camallanus adamsi Bashirullah, 1974 was followed in intermediate hosts, Mesocyclops leuckarti (Claus) and Thermocyclops crassus (Fischer), which were kept at 24 °C and 27 °C (average). The nematode molted twice in the haemocoel of copepods. The first molt occurred 117 h after infection at 24 °C and the second molt after 249 h. At 27 °C, the first and the second molts occurred 72 and 168 h respectively after the infection. Three larval stages are described.

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