The effect of temperature and salinity on the larval development of Stenorhynchus seticornis (Brachyura: Inachidae) reared in the laboratory

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús E. Hernández ◽  
José Luis Palazón-Fernández ◽  
Gonzalo Hernández ◽  
Juan Bolaños
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Zoeal Stage ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Temperature Development ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Crab Stage

Larvae of Stenorhynchus seticornis were reared in the laboratory in a factorial experiment employing three temperatures (22, 25 and 28°C) and three salinities (30, 35 and 40‰) to determine the effects of these variables on the survival and duration of the larval stages. Larvae from five females were subdivided in six groups of 10 and reared in glass bowls containing 125 ml filtered and UV-irradiated seawater at different temperature–salinity combinations. Larvae were transferred daily to clean bowls with newly hatched Artemia nauplii, and the number of moults and mortality within each bowl was recorded. Complete larval development of S. seticornis occurred under all experimental conditions, except at temperature 28°C and salinity 35‰. Salinity affected percentage survival of the two zoeal stages, but not that of the megalopa. Survival of the second zoeal stage, the megalopa, and the complete development to the first crab was affected by temperature, with the greatest survival occurring at 25°C. Duration of the two zoeal stages, the megalopa, and development to the first crab stage showed a gradual reduction with increasing temperature. Development from hatching to the first crab stage required 17 to 31 days and was inversely related to temperature, averaging 26.9 days at 22°C, 21.0 days at 25°C and 19.7 days at 28°C. Salinity affected the duration of the first zoeal stage only.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature on the Survival and Larval Development of Deiratonotus Japonicus (Brachyura, Camptandriidae) as a Biological Indicator

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il-Kweun Oh ◽  
Seung-Woo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Brachionus Plicatilis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Kanagawa Prefecture ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Deiratonotus japonicus (D. japonicus) inhabits isolated locations and upstream brackish waters from Kanagawa Prefecture to Okinawa Prefecture in Japan. This species faces the threat of extinction because of changing habitat conditions. Our previous studies have shown that its complete larval development from hatching to metamorphosis consists of five zoeal stages and one megalopal stage. In this study, the effect of temperature on the survival and growth of larval development in D. japonicus under controlled laboratory conditions of 13, 18, 23, 24, 25, and 26 °C was investigated by rearing larvae (30 PSU; 12:12 h light/dark cycle; fed a diet of Brachionus plicatilis rotundiformis and Artemia sp. nauplii). The survival rates and developmental periods were measured for each larval stage. The highest survival rates were obtained at 18–24 °C. Metamorphosis to megalopa occurred at 23–25 °C. There were rapid and synchronous developments at 25–26 °C but delayed and extended developments at 13 °C. The molting period decreased with increasing temperature. With decreasing temperature, the beginning of the development and duration of molting was prolonged. In addition, there were very low survival rates at 13 °C and 26 °C in all zoeal stages. Our results indicate that the early larval stages of D. japonicus are well adapted to 18–24 °C, the range observed in the estuarine marine environment of the Kita River during the breeding season. Optimum larval survival and growth were obtained at 23 °C. Temperature significantly affected the survival rate, developmental period, and molting of the larvae. The relationship between the cumulative periods of development from hatching through individual larval stages (y) and temperatures (T) was described as a power function (y = a × Tb).

The effects of temperature and pH on the embryonic development of two species of Triturus (Caudata: Salamandridae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Vignoli ◽  
Marco Bologna ◽  
Manuela D'Amen
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractAmphibian populations are especially sensitive to aquatic parameters, in particular during embryonic and larval life. Our aim was to test for an effect of temperature (T = 13°C, 20°C and 25°C at constant pH = 7) and pH (pH = 5.5, 7 and 8.5 at constant T= 20°C) on embryos of two species of Triturus, T. carnifex carnifex and T. italicus (Amphibia, Salamandridae) using GLM procedure. Trend of embryogenesis processes, time to hatching and rate of development have a similar effect in both species in the used range of temperature and pH. Time to hatching decreased significantly with the increasing temperature. The pH experimental conditions had no effect on T. carnifex embryos survival, while the acidic pH condition raised the mortality rate in T. italicus, whose embryos should be more vulnerable than those of T. carnifex to acidification in nature.

Description of the first zoeal stage of Synalpheus apioceros Coutière, 1909 (Caridea: Alpheidae), including a comparative analysis with larval morphology from the genus Synalpheus Spence Bate, 1888

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4838 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
RAFAEL C. SANTOS ◽  
RÉGIS A. PESCINELLI ◽  
ROGERIO C. COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plumose Seta ◽  
Zoeal Stage ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
Larval Stages

Herein, the Zoea I of Synalpheus apioceros is described, followed by a comparative analysis of the first larval stage from Synalpheus. Larvae were obtained from two ovigerous females sampled in Ubatuba, São Paulo. The morphology of the Zoea I of S. apioceros was compared to five other Synalpheus species whose structures were previously described: S. biunguiculatus, S. minus, S. neomeris, S. pectiniger, and S. tumidomanus. A set of unique morphological characteristics was found for S. apioceros: exopod of antennule with 4 aesthetascs and 1 plumose seta; coxal endite of maxillule with 2 simple setae plus 2 plumose setae; basial endite of maxillule with 2 simple setae plus 2 short spines; endopod of maxillule with 1 plumose seta plus 2 simple setae; basial endite of maxilla bilobed with 2 (1 plumose and 1 simple) + 2 (1 plumose and 1 simple) setae; coxal endite of maxilla bilobed with 2 + 1 plumose setae; endopod of maxilla with 3 (1 plumose and 2 simple) terminal setae + 2 simple setae; endopod of first maxilliped unsegmented with 3 terminal simple setae; basis of first maxilliped with 5 spines; endopod of second maxilliped 5-segmented with 0, 0, 0, 1 plumodenticulate, 4 (1 serrate + 3 simple) setae; endopod of third maxilliped 5-segmented with 0, 0, 0, 1 simple, 3 simple setae; pereiopods 1st to 3rd birramous and 4th and 5th uniramous. S. apioceros shows higher morphological similarity with S. minus, followed by S. tumidomanus, S. neomeris and S. pectiniger, probably since these species present extended larval development. Besides the similar morphology among species, the unique attributes presented here are important for the genus’ taxonomy, being fundamental for identifying the first larval stages of Synalpheus, as well as for subsidizing information for species identification keys. 

scholarly journals Larval development of Notolopas brasiliensis Miers, 1886 (Brachyura: Majoidea: Pisidae) described from laboratory reared material and a reappraisal of the characters of Pisidae

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (19) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Santana ◽  
Fernando P.L. Marques ◽  
Adilson Fransozo ◽  
Giovana Bertini
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Zoeal Stage ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Larval Stages

The complete larval stages of Notolopas brasiliensis are described from laboratory reared material, with emphasis on the external morphological features of Majoidea, and compare the morphology of N. brasiliensis with other genera of Pisidae. Larval development of N. brasiliensis consists of two zoeal stages and one megalopa. The duration mean of each zoeal stage was 4.2 ± 1.0 days for Zoea I and 3.8 ± 0.7 days for Zoea II, the megalopa instar appearing 8.1 ± 0.4 days after hatching. The characters previously used to define larval forms of Pisidae are either symplesiomorphic or potentially highly homoplastic. As well, was observed that there are no common sets of larval characters that would define Pisidae nowadays. However, was showed that only a combination of characters could differentiate Notolopas from other pisid genera.

Morphology of the first zoeal stage of Macrobrachium surinamicum Holthuis, 1948 (Malacostraca, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) hatched in the laboratory

Crustaceana ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1337-1350
Author(s):  
Rony R. R. Vieira ◽  
Cleverson R. M. Santos ◽  
Arthur Anker
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Ovigerous Female ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Zoeal Stage ◽  
Freshwater Shrimp ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
Smooth Seta

The first zoeal stage of the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium surinamicum Holthuis, 1948 is described and illustrated based on hatchlings from an ovigerous female, collected in Rio Campupema, Abaetetuba, in the northern Brazilian state of Pará, and compared with the first zoeae of several other species of the genus occurring in Brazil. Although the first zoeae of the different species of Macrobrachium are morphologically very similar, they can still be separated by a combination of morphological characters but only M. surinamicum has one smooth seta on the maxillular endopod. Although a complete larval series of M. surinamicum presently remains unknown, as pereiopods 3-5 and pleopods are absent, the outcome of this study suggests that the larval development of this species is extended and includes at least seven larval stages.

Larval and early post-larval morphology, growth, and behaviour of laboratory reared Lopholithodes foraminatus (brown box crab)

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 1607-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D.P. Duguid ◽  
Louise R. Page
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Zoeal Stage ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The larval and post-larval behaviour, growth, colour, and morphology of the brown box crab (Lopholithodes foraminatus) are described for the first time based on laboratory reared animals. A detailed morphological description is provided for 4 zoeal stages, the glaucothoe, and the first crab instar. Selected morphological changes over the remainder of the first year of development are also described. Data are presented on larval growth at 11°C and on zoeal stage durations at approximately 8°C, 12°C and 16°C. While the 4 zoeal stages are planktotrophic, the glaucothoe does not feed; a life history character that has been termed ‘secondary lecithotrophy’. Growth of L. foraminatus larvae and post-larvae is generally similar to that of other North Pacific lithodids with planktotrophic zoeae. Zoeal stage durations decrease with increasing temperature. This relationship levels off at approximately 16°C, a higher temperature than in lithodid species from colder regions. Carapace morphology is suggested as a diagnostic character of larval and post-larval stages of Lopholithodes foraminatus. Secondary lecithotrophy may be widespread or even universal among lithodids and also occurs in pagurid hermit crabs. If the family Lithodidae is indeed nested within the Paguridae, as suggested by recent phylogenetic hypotheses based on molecular evidence, secondary lecithotrophy may be plesiomorphic in lithodids.

Adsorption of Humic Acid from Aqueous Solution onto PVDF Nanofiber: Effect of Temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 863 ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Zulfikar
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The sorption of humic acid from aqueous solution onto polyvinyl difluoride nanofiber under the influence of temperature has been investigated. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out using humic acid (HA) as an adsorbate. It was observed that the amount of humic acid adsorbed increase with increasing temperature. Thermodynamic parameters data indicated that the humic acid adsorption was non-spontaneous and endothermic under the experimental conditions, with the enthalpy (∆H) and entropy (∆S) of +16.32 kJ mol-1 and +41.92 J mol-1, respectively.

Dissodactylus xantusi and Dissodactylus lockingtoni (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae): larval development of two sympatric Pacific species

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard W. Pohle
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Zoeal Stage ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Separate Genus ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sand Dollars ◽  
Development Proceeds ◽  
Pacific Species

Dissodactylus xantusi and D. lockingtoni are small pinnotherid crabs living with D. nitidus as ectosymbionts on the Pacific sand dollars Encope grandis, E. californica, E. micropora, and Mellita longifissa. Like D. nitidus, D. xantusi and D. lockingtoni develop through four zoeal stages before metamorphosing to the megalopa. This is in contrast to the Atlantic species with known larval development, which all have three zoeal stages. All larval stages are described in detail, including the distribution of chromatophores and the types of setae. Beginning with the first zoea, the mean durations of the stages were 4.0, 3.8, 3.3, and 4 days for D. xantusi, the first megalopa appearing 15 days after hatching. The mean durations of the first three zoeal stages of D. lockingtoni were 3.3, 4.0, and 4.0 days, the only moult to a fourth zoea taking place 12 days after hatching. Laboratory-reared megalopae of D. lockingtoni were not obtained, but wild megalopae of both species were collected from hosts. Compared with Atlantic species of Dissodactylus, whose larvae differ interspecifically, zoeae of D. xantusi, D. lockingtoni, and D. nitidus are morphometrically and meristically very similar. In the first zoeal stage the relative length of the dorsal spine of the carapace is the only distinction between D. lockingtoni and the other two species, the differences in carapace spination becoming a little more pronounced as development proceeds. Megalopae of the three species can be readily distinguished on the basis of size, shape, chromatophore pattern, and setation. Dissodactylus xantusi shares with D. nitidus an oversize seta on the fifth leg that is not found in any megalopa of other Dissodactylus species. Collectively, larvae of the three Pacific species resemble more closely those of other members of the "large-palped," adult-defined subgroup (D. crinitichelis, D. mellitae, D. nitidus, D. primitivus) than those of members of the "small-palped" subgroup (D. stebbingi, D. rugatus), which has recently been proposed to be included in a separate genus, Clypeasterophilus.

Applicability of Instability Index for In vitro Protein Stability Prediction

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilani G. Gamage ◽  
Ajith Gunaratne ◽  
Gopal R. Periyannan ◽  
Timothy G. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Protein Stability ◽  
Caulobacter Crescentus ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Instability Index ◽  
Dipeptide Composition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Vitro Protein

Background: The dipeptide composition-based Instability Index (II) is one of the protein primary structure-dependent methods available for in vivo protein stability predictions. As per this method, proteins with II value below 40 are stable proteins. Intracellular protein stability principles guided the original development of the II method. However, the use of the II method for in vitro protein stability predictions raises questions about the validity of applying the II method under experimental conditions that are different from the in vivo setting. Objective: The aim of this study is to experimentally test the validity of the use of II as an in vitro protein stability predictor. Methods: A representative protein CCM (CCM - Caulobacter crescentus metalloprotein) that rapidly degrades under in vitro conditions was used to probe the dipeptide sequence-dependent degradation properties of CCM by generating CCM mutants to represent stable and unstable II values. A comparative degradation analysis was carried out under in vitro conditions using wildtype CCM, CCM mutants and two other candidate proteins: metallo-β-lactamase L1 and α -S1- casein representing stable, borderline stable/unstable, and unstable proteins as per the II predictions. The effect of temperature and a protein stabilizing agent on CCM degradation was also tested. Results: Data support the dipeptide composition-dependent protein stability/instability in wt-CCM and mutants as predicted by the II method under in vitro conditions. However, the II failed to accurately represent the stability of other tested proteins. Data indicate the influence of protein environmental factors on the autoproteolysis of proteins. Conclusion: Broader application of the II method for the prediction of protein stability under in vitro conditions is questionable as the stability of the protein may be dependent not only on the intrinsic nature of the protein but also on the conditions of the protein milieu.

scholarly journals Theoretical Effect of Temperature on Threshold in the Hodgkin-Huxley Nerve Model

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Fitzhugh
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Giant Axon ◽  
Temperature Curve ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Ionic Conductances ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Right ◽  
Increasing Temperature

In the squid giant axon, Sjodin and Mullins (1958), using 1 msec duration pulses, found a decrease of threshold with increasing temperature, while Guttman (1962), using 100 msec pulses, found an increase. Both results are qualitatively predicted by the Hodgkin-Huxley model. The threshold vs. temperature curve varies so much with the assumptions made regarding the temperature-dependence of the membrane ionic conductances that quantitative comparison between theory and experiment is not yet possible. For very short pulses, increasing temperature has two effects. (1) At lower temperatures the decrease of relaxation time of Na activation (m) relative to the electrical (RC) relaxation time favors excitation and decreases threshold. (2) For higher temperatures, effect (1) saturates, but the decreasing relaxation times of Na inactivation (h) and K activation (n) factor accommodation and increased threshold. The result is a U-shaped threshold temperature curve. R. Guttman has obtained such U-shaped curves for 50 µsec pulses. Assuming higher ionic conductances decreases the electrical relaxation time and shifts the curve to the right along the temperature axis. Making the conductances increase with temperature flattens the curve. Using very long pulses favors effect (2) over (1) and makes threshold increase monotonically with temperature.

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