Role of social and endocrine factors in alloparental behavior of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1862-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Lucille Roberts ◽  
Amanda K Miller ◽  
Susan E Taymans ◽  
C Sue Carter
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Microtus Ochrogaster ◽  
Prairie Voles ◽  
Reproductive Suppression ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Alloparental Behavior

Young, sexually naive prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), 21-60 days of age, of both sexes readily exhibit alloparental behavior toward pups without apparent hormonal or experiential priming. The goal of the present study was to quantify the incidence of spontaneously evoked alloparental behavior in young prairie voles and determine prior pup experience (i), gender-related (ii) and age-related (iii) characteristics, and hormonal (iv) and housing (v) conditions associated with alloparental behavior. Overall, 70% of all prairie voles between 21 and 60 days of age exhibited alloparental behavior regardless of hormonal condition or postweaning housing condition (single versus sib-group housing). Experience with pups prior to weaning was associated with a greater percentage of prairie voles exhibiting alloparental responding in comparison with prairie voles that had never been exposed to pups. Male prairie voles were more likely to be alloparental than were females, although most females (64%) exhibited alloparental behavior. Differences in qualitative variables associated with alloparental responsiveness were present between prairie voles <40 days of age and those >=40 days of age, although both age groups responded parentally in equal numbers. This study suggests that although a short period of prior experience may promote the expression of alloparental behavior in young prairie voles, alloparental behavior occurs in most animals in all groups examined. Hormonal, sex-related or age-related changes that might be associated with development, reproductive suppression, or social stress are not related to the differential expression of alloparental behavior.

Role of social and endocrine factors in alloparental behavior of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1862-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lucille Roberts ◽  
Amanda K. Miller ◽  
Susan E. Taymans ◽  
C. Sue Carter
Keyword(s):  
Microtus Ochrogaster ◽  
Prairie Voles ◽  
Endocrine Factors ◽  
Alloparental Behavior

Concrete and Formal Operational thought Processes in Young Adulthood and Old Age

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Clayton ◽  
Willis F. Overton
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Crystallized Intelligence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Concrete Operational ◽  
Fluid And Crystallized Intelligence

A study was conducted to examine the role of concrete and formal operations in a young and old population. In addition, the present study explored the relation between operational thought and Cattell's concept of fluid and crystallized intelligence, as well as the role of differential living arrangements in maintaining operational thought. Eighty females from three age groups (18–20 years, 60–70 years and 70–80 years of age) were tested on a series of Piagetian tasks and indices of fluid and crystallized intelligence. The findings supported the notion that age-related performance differences occur in the area of formal operational thought prior to the time they occur in concrete operational thought. Except for the young sample, the operational tasks were found to be unrelated to fluid intelligence at the age levels represented in this study. Living independently as opposed to living in an old age home did not appear to be a significant factor in maintaining operational thought. Discussion focused on the necessity of identifying those factors which influence the developmental course of formal operational thought across the life span.

The portrayal of elderly men and women in Hungarian television news programmes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Gábor Kovács ◽  
Petra Aczél ◽  
Tamás Bokor
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Television News ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Comparison Theory ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Older Men And Women

Abstract Mass media research on the portrayal of older people has primarily focused on television series and advertisements. News programmes on television have received little attention. We argue that viewers perceive characters on the news as more direct and more accurate representations of social reality than fictional characters, and therefore portrayals on the news are more likely to be integrated in viewers’ stereotypes about elderly people or used as standards of comparison. In order to explore potential differences in the representation of senior men and women, we conducted a quantitative content analysis on a sample of 754 elderly people who appeared on the evening news programmes of four major Hungarian television channels with high viewership. Each character was coded in terms of 115 qualitative variables. Our results indicate that older men are portrayed significantly more often than women as affluent, elegant, knowledgeable, powerful and actively working. By contrast, women are more commonly shown as kind, family-oriented, in ordinary roles (e.g. as the ‘woman in the street’) and engaged in less-productive activities such as shopping. Based on previous research on the role of mass media in the socialisation process as well as social comparison theory, we discuss how these imbalances in the representation of older men and women may affect viewers of different age groups, genders and social status.

Response of young female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) to nonresident males: implications for population regulation

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1348-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty McGuire ◽  
Lowell L. Getz
Keyword(s):  
Population Regulation ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Microtus Ochrogaster ◽  
Affiliative Behavior ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Prairie Voles ◽  
Reproductive Suppression ◽  
Reproductive Control ◽  
Resultant Increase ◽  
Reproductive Females

We measured behavioral and physiological responses to nonresident males of young female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) living in family groups. Although substantial variation both among families and among littermates was noted, females generally exhibited investigative and affiliative behavior toward nonresident males, and many were reproductive at the end of a 10-day period. Approximately 31 and 56% of females exposed to sexually inexperienced and experienced males, respectively, had uterine weights greater than or equal to 30 mg. Females exposed in the absence of their fathers to sexually experienced males displayed the highest levels of interaction with nonresident males, and 71% were classified as reproductive. Control females, exposed either to castrated nonresident males or not exposed to nonresident males, remained nonreproductive. Frequent interactions with nonresident males can thus override the reproductive suppression experienced by young female prairie voles at natal nests. The resultant increase in proportion of reproductive females within each family group may contribute to dramatic increases in population density. By limiting interactions between their daughters and nonresident males, resident males play a role in population regulation.

scholarly journals Assessment of Panoramic Radiomorphometric Indices of the Mandible in a Brazilian Population

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Beatriz C. C. Alonso ◽  
Arthur R. G. Cortes ◽  
Angela J. Camargo ◽  
Emiko S. Arita ◽  
Francisco Haiter-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Cortical Width ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Two Indices ◽  
Age Related Changes

The aim of this study was to evaluate radiomorphometric indices in dental panoramic radiographs in order to identify possible interrelationships between these indices and the sex and age of the patients analyzed. The study included 1287 digital panoramic radiographic images of patients that were grouped into five age groups (1 = age 17–20; 2 = age 21–35; 3 = age 36–55; 4 = age 56–69; 5 = over age 70). Two indices—cortical width at the gonion (GI) and below the mental foramen (MI)—were measured bilaterally in all panoramic radiographs. Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (alpha = 0.05). Results for the indices measurements showed significant differences among patient age groups of both sexes, considering that groups 4 and 5 presented lower values for the cortical width of both indices. The present paper supports the role of sex- and age-related changes in mandibular radiomorphometric indices in identifying skeletal osteopenia.

INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA: RELATIONSHIP TO AGE-ASSOCIATED DISEASES (REVIEW OF LITERATURE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Bulgakova ◽  
E. V. Treneva ◽  
N. O. Zakharova ◽  
I. G. Trukhanova
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Social Importance

In connection with the increase in life expectancy, the number of people of older age groups is increasing, and with it the age of associated diseases, which are of tremendous medical and social importance. Such diseases include Alzheimer’s disease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular pathology. The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of these nosologies is widely discussed in the literature. In addition, a number of studies have shown the effectiveness of the use of probiotics and prebiotics in the treatment of these diseases. The review of the literature summarizes the current understanding of the role of the intestinal microbiota in the development, prevention, and treatment of major age-related diseases.

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