scholarly journals Deciphering the recently discovered tetraquark candidates around 6.9 GeV

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Sonnenschein ◽  
Dorin Weissman

AbstractRecently a novel hadronic state of mass 6.9 GeV, that decays mainly to a pair of charmonia, was observed in LHCb. The data also reveals a broader structure centered around 6490 MeV and suggests another unconfirmed resonance centered at around 7240 MeV, very near to the threshold of two doubly charmed $$\Xi _{cc}$$ Ξ cc baryons. We argue in this note that these exotic hadrons are genuine tetraquarks and not molecules of charmonia. It is conjectured that they are V-baryonium , namely, have an inner structure of a baryonic vertex with a cc diquark attached to it, which is connected by a string to an anti-baryonic vertex with a $${\bar{c}} {\bar{c}}$$ c ¯ c ¯ anti-diquark. We examine these states as the analogs of the V-baryonium states $$\Psi (4360)$$ Ψ ( 4360 ) and Y(4630)/$$\Psi (4660)$$ Ψ ( 4660 ) which are charmonium-like tetraquarks. One way to test these claims is by searching for a significant decay of the state at 7.2 GeV into $$\Xi _{cc}{\overline{\Xi }}_{cc}$$ Ξ cc Ξ ¯ cc . Such a decay would be the analog of the decay of the state Y(4630) into to $$\Lambda _c{\overline{\Lambda }}_c$$ Λ c Λ ¯ c . We further argue that there should be trajectories of both orbital and radial excited states of the X(6900). We predict their masses. It is possible that a few of these states have already been seen by LHCb.

Since the first experiments by Wien many methods have been used to find the average lives of the excited states of different atoms. Most of these methods are applicable to particular atoms only, and the amount of reliable information in this field is still surprisingly meagre. The method described here depends in effect on the measurement of the lag which exists between the excitation and emission of light from atoms in a high-frequency discharge. This lag, or rather quantity actually measured, is itself a first approximation to the average life τ of the state concerned, and it is shown later how a more accurate value of τ may be deduced from it. Results are given for six excited states of the neon atom, but the method may be used for any substance whose spectrum can be obtained from a high-frequency discharge. The values of τ for neon range from 3·9 to 20·10 -8 seconds, and it is shown that lines originating from the same upper level lead to the same value of τ for that level.


1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Sharma

A theorem establishing the correct orthogonality condition for the perturbation expansions of the state vectors for the excited states of stationary quantum systems is enunciated. A common misunderstanding on this subject is discussed and corrected. Implications of the theorem to the use of the variation perturbation method for calculating approximate eigenvalues and eigenvectors for excited states is discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Serna ◽  
Miguel Ortuño ◽  
Andrés M. Somoza

We obtain eigenstates of interacting disorder Hamiltonians using unitary displacement transformations that rotate the state of the system. The method generates excited states if the strength of these transformations is chosen to optimize the energy, while decreasing the energy variance. We apply the method to analyse the localization properties of one-dimensional spinless fermions with short range interactions, reaching relatively large system sizes. We quantify the degree of localization through the size and disorder dependence of the inverse participation ratio.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Lashkari ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Srivatsan Rajagopal

Abstract We develop new techniques for studying the modular and the relative modular flows of general excited states. We show that the class of states obtained by acting on the vacuum (or any cyclic and separating state) with invertible operators from the algebra of a region is dense in the Hilbert space. This enables us to express the modular and the relative modular operators, as well as the relative entropies of generic excited states in terms of the vacuum modular operator and the operator that creates the state. In particular, the modular and the relative modular flows of any state can be expanded in terms of the modular flow of operators in vacuum. We illustrate the formalism with simple examples including states close to the vacuum, and coherent and squeezed states in generalized free field theory.


2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1644-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Michael Mewes ◽  
John M. Herbert ◽  
Andreas Dreuw

Equilibrium and non-equilibrium formulations of the state-specific PCM are evaluated in combination with correlated ground- and excited-state densities provided by ADC/ISR approach of up to third order of perturbation theory.


1975 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1413-1424
Author(s):  
D. Einfeld ◽  
G. Sauerbrey

The radiation emitted from a wall stabilized helium-plasma (ne ≈ 3 • 1022 m-3, T ≈ 38 000 K, duration of constant discharge current 0.4 ms) was investigated in the wavelength range 300 nm to 650 nm. From the emission coefficients of the continuum radiation Gaunt factors for the state with the principal quantum number 3 and the state 2 3P were determined. Gaunt factors for the terms 2 1S, 2 1P, 2 3S and 2 3P were calculated from the transition probalilities of highly excited states. Agreement to within the accuracy of the measurement was found between the experimental results and the Gaunt factors evaluated from the photoionisation cross-sections calculated by Goldberg. The Gaunt factors for the states 2 1P and 2 3S according to Anderson and Griem are in good agreement with our results; for the terms 2 3P and 2 1S a discrepancy exists. With the Gaunt factors reported here electron densities in a helium-plasma can be determined with a relative uncertainty of 10%. The ξ-factor calculated by Kriener and Schlüter could be confirmed, if Bremsstrahlung of neutral atoms is neglected


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document