ESTIMATION METHODS FOR DETECTING NON-ADDITIVE EFFECTS IN STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELS: AN EXHIBITION OF THE TWO STEP-SINGLE INDICANT AND TWO-STAGE LEAST SQUARES METHODS IN THE CONTEXT OF CONSUMER SERVICE EVALUATION NETWORKS

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAVLOS A. VLACHOS ◽  
ADAM P. VRECHOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Consumer Service ◽  
Two Stage Least Squares

scholarly journals The role of financial literacy in retirement investment choice

Equilibrium ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Anh Nhu Nguyen ◽  
Jiří Polách ◽  
Iveta Vozňáková
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Investment Choice ◽  
Literacy Level ◽  
Two Stage Least Squares ◽  
Linear Probability ◽  
Retirement Investment

Research background: Preparation for retirement is a major concern for the people in the workforce as they have to encounter considerable difficulties in making the right investment decisions for their retirement. Purpose of the article: This research extends the literature on personal finance by investigating the impact of both financial literacy levels and pension knowledge on employees’ investment choice decision for their retirement, while in previous literature the role of these factors has mainly been explored separately.  Methods: To conduct the research, a survey questionnaire was applied to collect data in three main regions of Vietnam comprising Northern, Central and Southern Vietnam. Data collection was made in 2018, in which 427 valid questionnaires were used for data analysis from 700 questionnaires. Two estimation methods are employed for analysis in this study, including a linear probability model (LPM) and two-stage least squares (2SLS) model. The findings of this research remain significant after the Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression model is used as an estimation technique to eliminate potential bias caused by endogenous problems. Finding & Value added: The results show that basic financial literacy level and pension knowledge are principal factors which significantly increase the probability of exercising retirement investment choice of employees, while advanced financial literacy level factor has a significant effect on choosing growth investing options for their retirement. Further, this research finds that there is no correlation between employees’ financial risk tolerance and their retirement investment choice. Furthermore, the study proposes and offers new evidence that pension knowledge is a decisive factor providing employees with encouragement to exercise retirement investment choice and those who consult with financial advisors tend to take part in growth investing option.

scholarly journals ECONOMETRIC MODELING OF THE ECONOMY OF LATVIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Iveta Mietule ◽  
Gajane Gukasjan
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Endogenous Variables ◽  
Two Stage Least Squares ◽  
The Government

The article is devoted to the estimation of econometric models of the Latvian economy. The Klein's simplified macroeconomic model of the Latvian economy is discussed. The endogenous variables are consumption, net investment, gross domestic product (excluding net exports and additions to reserves). An exogenous variable is the government spending. The model is just-identified, and Two-stage least squares (2SLS) method provides consistent estimates of the parameters of a structural equation. The modified Keynеsian model was also considered, where the lagged variable - gross domestic product of the previos period is presented. It is proved that the model is over-identified, and the Two-stage least squares (2SLS) method provides estimates of the parameters of a structural equation. We have estimated the models with annual time-series data of the Latvia economy for the years 1995 through 2011 (at basic prices in 2000).

scholarly journals Model Persamaan Simultan pada Analisis Hubungan Kemiskian dan PDRB

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 810
Author(s):  
Rokhana Dwi Bekti ◽  
David David ◽  
Gita N ◽  
Priscillia Priscillia ◽  
Serlyana Serlyana
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Estimation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Two Stage Least Squares ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Simultaneous Model

Simultaneous model is a model for some equation which have simultaneous relationships. It was often found in econometrics, such as the relationship between Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) and poverty. GDP is a common indicator that can be used to determine the economic growth occurred in region. Meanwhile, poverty is one of the indicators to measure the society welfare. Information about these relathionships were important to perform the relathionsips between GDP and poverty. So this research conducted an analysis to obtain simultaneous models between GDRP and poverty. Estimation of the parameters used is Two-Stage Least Squares Estimation (2SLS). The data used are 33 provinces in Indonesia at 2010. By α = 5%, it was conclude that variable which significant effect on GDRP is poverty, export, and import. Meanwhile, the variables that significantly affect poverty are population. The simultaneous model (α = 5%) also conclude that there is no simultaneous relationship between GDRP and poverty. However, with α = 25%, there is a simultaneous relationship between GDRP and poverty.

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