scholarly journals ECONOMETRIC MODELING OF THE ECONOMY OF LATVIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Iveta Mietule ◽  
Gajane Gukasjan
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Endogenous Variables ◽  
Two Stage Least Squares ◽  
The Government

The article is devoted to the estimation of econometric models of the Latvian economy. The Klein's simplified macroeconomic model of the Latvian economy is discussed. The endogenous variables are consumption, net investment, gross domestic product (excluding net exports and additions to reserves). An exogenous variable is the government spending. The model is just-identified, and Two-stage least squares (2SLS) method provides consistent estimates of the parameters of a structural equation. The modified Keynеsian model was also considered, where the lagged variable - gross domestic product of the previos period is presented. It is proved that the model is over-identified, and the Two-stage least squares (2SLS) method provides estimates of the parameters of a structural equation. We have estimated the models with annual time-series data of the Latvia economy for the years 1995 through 2011 (at basic prices in 2000).

scholarly journals Public Expenditure in Nepal: A Case of Transportation Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Narayan Prasad Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
The Government

The rapid growth in public investment in various sectors was assumed after decades of conflict and an unstable political situation. With the declaration of the Federal Republic, Nepal is going to embark on accelerated economic growth. This has somewhat caused concerns among policymakers of its implication for economic growth. And the government investment in transportation infrastructure is one of the core strategies, called the ‘infrastructure of infrastructures’. The main aim of this study is, therefore, to explain the relationship between economic growth and public expenditure in the transportation sector in Nepal. Primarily, this study has focused on the distinction of expenditures in the five-year development plans in three systems (Panchayat, Democratic, and Republic). This study used time series data collected between 1975 and 2016. The statistical and econometric tools have been used for the study. The result shows that the trend of government investment on public expenditure has increased in the Republic system. This study reveals that the variables are stationary on the first difference. The obtained regression model is satisfactory by diagnostic tests (errors are normally distributed, no serial correlation, and homoscedastic). The data explain the positive and significant influence of Transportation Capital Expenditure on Gross Domestic Product, and, hence, it is contributing to economic growth. Furthermore, the results show short-run unidirectional causation from Transportation Capital Expenditure to Gross Domestic Product.

scholarly journals Effect of Economic and Agricultural Diversification on the Economic Growth in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohunyeye O. Felix ◽  
Obamen Joseph ◽  
Omonona Solomon ◽  
Agbaeze K. Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Agricultural Diversification ◽  
The Government ◽  
Bound Test

The study examines the effect of economic and agricultural diversification on economic growth in Nigeria. The objectives were to determine the effect of government agricultural spending on Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product. Data were collected from secondary sourced using the time series data which was extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) annual Statistical Bulletin for the period and The Nigeria Bureau of Statistic annual reports. Data were analyzed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach or Bound Test Method. The findings revealed that Government agricultural expenditure does not have a significant effect on Gross Domestic Product. The investigation suggested that the government at all level should increase their budgetary allocations for agriculture and also develop a functional agricultural long-term blueprint to improve the sector.

scholarly journals Determinants of Pakistan’s Exports: An Econometric Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Arshad Ullah Jadoon ◽  
Yangda Guang ◽  
Anwar Ahmad ◽  
Sajad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Employment Level ◽  
Consumption Expenditures ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government

The research investigated the determinants of Pakistan’s exports by using time series data from 1990–2016. Certain econometric tests were also applied to check cointegration among variables. A unit root test was used to check the stationarity of selected variables. After the stationarity of the data, a vector error correction model is used to estimate the effect of regressors, like foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, employment level, and consumption expenditures on a dependent variable, i.e. exports in the short run. The result shows the positive relationships that foreign direct investment, gross domestic product and employment level have on exports, and the adverse impact of consumption expenditures on the dependent variable. The study uses Johansen’s cointegration test for the long run. The results show that all the variables are co‑integrated in the long run. It is suggested that the government should encourage foreign direct investment and gross domestic product, which would help accelerate Pakistan’s exports. It is also suggested that whenever policymakers provide a trade policy, in particular, in relation to exports, then the adverse effect of exchange rate depreciation, external debt burdens, taxes, sanctions and protectionism should be quantified, and necessary measures be suggested so as to minimize any repercussions.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT FISCAL SPACE AND MANPOWER TO THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTS OF INDONESIA PERIOD 1990-2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Tria Enjarwati
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Fiscal Space ◽  
Labour Absorption

To purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the effect of fiscal space and labour absorption to Indonesia Gross Domestic Product (GDP) within period 1990-2015. This study uses the least squares method or Ordinary Least Square (OLS) with time series data. Variables used in this study is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the dependent variable, whereas for independent variables using the fiscal space and labour absorption. The results of regression calculations using the least squares method or Ordinary Least Square (OLS) in this study indicate that the fiscal space variable has a positive significant effect, and labour absorption variable has a positive significant effect to indonesia Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

scholarly journals PERAMALAN PRODUK DOMESTIK BRUTO (PDB) SEKTOR PERTANIAN, KEHUTANAN, DAN ‎PERIKANAN MENGGUNAKAN SINGULAR SPECTRUM ANALYSIS (SSA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Desy Tresnowati Hardi ◽  
Diah Safitri ◽  
Agus Rusgiyono
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Singular Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Singular Spectrum ◽  
Tracking Signal

Forecasting is the process of estimating conditions in the future by testing conditions from the past. One of the forecasting methods is Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) which aim of SSA is to make a decomposition of the original series into the sum of a small number of independent and interpretable components such as a slowly varying trend, oscillatory components and a structureless noise. Gross Domestic Product data in the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sector are time series data with trend and seasonal pattern so that it can be processed using the SSA method. The forecasting process of SSA method uses the main parameter (L) of 21 obtained by the Blind Source Separation (BSS) method. From forecasting, acquired group of 3 groups. Forecasting resulted the value of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) is 1.59% and the value of tracking signal is 2.50, which indicates that the results of forecasting is accurate. Keywords: Forecasting, Gross Domestic Product in the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sector, Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA)

scholarly journals An Examination Into the Causal Links Among Inward FDI Determinants: Empirical Evidence From Jordan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ibrahim Mugableh
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Foreign Policies

This paper examined the causal links between inward foreign direct investments (FDI) and its determinants (i.e., gross domestic product, education, trade openness, infrastructure, and technological abilities) for Jordan over (the period 1980 – 2018). The paper used vector error correction model. The results of the study considered that gross domestic product, trade openness, education, infrastructure, and technological abilities are primary engine of inward FDI in (long term and short term). Thus, the results have vital role for the policy makers in Jordan to formulate domestic and foreign policies. This study relied on three essential parts. Firstly, FDI is a significant source of capital that promotes economic growth. Secondly, the question of what are the leading drivers of FDI remains inadequate in the literature. Finally, this research adds to the literature by using different econometrics techniques and long span of yearly time series data. 

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH INFLASI, PRODUK DOMESTIK BRUTO (PDB), DAN NILAI TUKAR TERHADAP TABUNGAN MUDHARABAH PADA BANK UMUM SYARIAH (PERIODE 2013-2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Rita Nur Wahyuningrum ◽  
Aan Zainul Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Central Statistics

<p>This study aims to analyze the effect of inflation, gross domestic product (GDP) and rupiah exchange rate on Mudharabah savings in Islamic banking in Indonesia. The data used is time series data for the period March 2013 to September 2017, which was published by Bank Indonesia from the Islamic Banking Statistics Report and the Central Statistics Agency. The technique of analyzing the research is qualitative with the method of Multiple Linear Regression. The results of this study indicate that simultaneously the Inflation, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Exchange Rate variables together have a significant effect on Mudharabah Savings. While partially only the Exchange Rate variable has a significant effect on Mudharabah Savings. Inflation Variables and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) have no significant effect on Mudharabah Savings.</p><p> </p><p>Keyword: inflation, gross domestic product, exchange rate, mudharabah saving</p>

scholarly journals Indicators of the association of Unemployment in Indonesia with the Level of Employment Opportunity, GDP, and SER

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 189-206
Author(s):  
Diesta Pambayun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Negative Effect

Population inequality and the unequal distribution of income are indicators of unemployment in Indonesia, while unemployment plays an important role in economic growth. The increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) means that the level of public welfare improves in direct proportion to the gross domestic product (GDP) which is used as a measuring tool for economic conditions. School Enrollment Rates (SER) and employment opportunities are also identified as having an effect on economic growth, so it is important to conduct research using the ECM method using time series data for 1990-2019 sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (CSA). Based on the results of data processing, it can be seen that in the short and long term employment opportunities and GDP have a positive effect on unemployment. However, in the long term GDP and SER have no significant negative effect on unemployment.

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