scholarly journals AN ENHANCED ARGUMENT FOR INNATE ELEMENTARY GEOMETRIC KNOWLEDGE AND ITS PHILOSOPHICAL IMPLICATIONS

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELEN DE CRUZ
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Knowledge

Design and implementation of geometric knowledge base

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-ming WANG ◽  
Ying HUANG ◽  
Xiao-yu CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Geometric Knowledge

AN EFFICIENT APPROACH FOR FACE DETECTION AND FACIAL FEATURE LOCATION USING PRUNE-AND-SEARCH TECHNIQUE

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (06) ◽  
pp. 987-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIN-CHEN CHANG ◽  
YUAN-HUI YU
Keyword(s):  
Face Detection ◽  
Facial Feature ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Feature Location ◽  
Search Technique ◽  
Efficient Approach ◽  
Human Face Detection ◽  
Geometric Knowledge

This paper proposes an efficient approach for human face detection and exact facial features location in a head-and-shoulder image. This method searches for the eye pair candidate as a base line by using the characteristic of the high intensity contrast between the iris and the sclera. To discover other facial features, the algorithm uses geometric knowledge of the human face based on the obtained eye pair candidate. The human face is finally verified with these unclosed facial features. Due to the merits of applying the Prune-and-Search and simple filtering techniques, we have shown that the proposed method indeed achieves very promising performance of face detection and facial feature location.

scholarly journals ETNO-MATEMÁTICA EN INDÍGENAS ULWAS, COMUNIDAD DE KARAWALA, REGIÓN AUTÓNOMA ATLÁNTICO SUR, NICARAGUA

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-87
Author(s):  
Minerva Soza Valverde ◽  
Alba Luz Dávila Espinoza
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Mathematical Knowledge ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Ancestral Knowledge ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Geometric Knowledge ◽  
Anthropological Approach ◽  
Bilingual Intercultural Education ◽  
Curricular Transformation ◽  
Grinding Stone

Esta investigación analizó los conocimientos etno-matemáticos que poseen los pueblos indígenas ulwas, comunidad de Karawala, Región Autónoma Atlántico Sur (RAAS), a partir de la identificación de las manifestaciones socioculturales que representan saberes etno-matemáticos ancestrales. La investigación fue cualitativa con enfoque antropológico. Se realizaron  guías de observación, entrevistas y grupos focales con líderes, autoridades de la comunidad, docentes y ancianos. Entre los resultados se obtuvo que el Sistema Numérico del Conteo con los Dedos; este conteo los ancestros ulwas lo hacían con los dedos de las manos y de los pies, en el Sistema de Medición se identifican como unidades de medidas la vara, la jícara, los nudos en bejuco. También el empleo  de conocimientos geométricos en la construcción de viviendas tradicionales, nasas y elaboración del metate. Estos aportes contribuyen a la revitalización cultural de  los pueblos indígenas ulwas y a la gestión curricular en el Subsistema Educativo Autonómico Regional (SEAR), los cuales deben ser adoptados en la transformación curricular de los programas de la Educación Intercultural Bilingüe. Summary This research examined the ethno-mathematical knowledge that the Ulwas indigenous people possesses, who are located in Karawala community, South Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAS), based on the identification of sociocultural manifestations that the ethno-mathematical ancestral knowledge represents. The research was qualitative with anthropological approach. Observation guides were made, interviews and focus groups with leaders, community authorities, teachers and elders. Among the results obtained, it reflects the Counting Numerical System with the Fingers. This counting was done by the Ulwas ancestors with their fingers and toes. In the Measurement System several elements were identified as measuring units, such as the stick, the gourd, and the knots on liana. They also employed the use of geometric knowledge in traditional housing construction, and development of fish trap and grinding stone. These inputs contribute to the cultural revitalization of the Ulwas indigenous people and to the curricular management in the Regional Autonomous Education Subsystem (SEAR), which should be adopted in the curricular transformation of the Bilingual Intercultural Education program.

scholarly journals Visual Foundations of Euclidean Geometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Izard ◽  
Pierre Pica ◽  
Elizabeth Spelke
Keyword(s):  
Euclidean Geometry ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Formal Instruction ◽  
Geometric Knowledge ◽  
Position And Orientation ◽  
Cognitive Foundations ◽  
The U.S

Geometry defines objects that can be physically realized in space, and our knowledge of abstract geometry may therefore stem from our representations of the physical world. Here, we examined the possibility that representations of small, 2-dimensional visual forms provide cognitive foundations for geometric knowledge, and in particular Euclidean knowledge. We asked two questions: First, are humans sensitive to form variations that are relevant to Euclidean geometry (e.g. changes in angle)? Second, can observers easily disregard variations that are irrelevant to Euclidean geometry (e.g. changes in position and orientation)? One hundred and twelve participants from the U.S. (age 3-34 years), and 25 participants from the Amazon (age 5-67 years) were asked to locate geometric deviants in panels of 6 forms of variable orientation. Participants of all ages and from both cultures detected deviant forms defined in terms of metric proportions (hereafter, ‘shape’) or global size, but only U.S. adults drew distinctions between mirror images (i.e. forms differing in sense). Similarly, irrelevant variations of sense did not disrupt the detection of a shape or size deviant, while irrelevant variations of shape or size interfered with the detection of size or shape deviants, respectively. Children and adults from both cultures thus analyzed visual forms according to their Euclidean properties, even if they had not received formal instruction in geometry. These findings show that representations of planar visual forms provide core intuitions on which humans’ knowledge in Euclidean geometry could possibly be grounded.

Interpretation of CAD models through neutral geometric knowledge

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartholomew O. Nnaji ◽  
Tzong-Shyan Kang
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Feature Representation ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Geometric Information ◽  
Cad Systems ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Standard Manner ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Geometric Knowledge ◽  
Modelling Techniques

A generalized approach to fast interpretation of objects and their features has so far eluded researchers. In manufacturing, this interpretation can be approached from the vision point of view or from the CAD data perspective. Presently, CAD systems are widely used in several aspects of manufacturing production. It is therefore more efficient to use CAD data for object reasoning in manufacturing, especially when systems will eventually be data driven. Components can be modelled on a CAD system using various modelling techniques and the representation of their geometric information is still CAD system dependent. However, the advent of the Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES) now makes it possible to represent CAD data in a neutral and standard manner.This paper describes a scheme for recognizing and representing features for CAD data extracted using the IGES interface. The concepts developed are based on graph-based feature representation, where features are represented by a set of faces as well as their topological adjacency.Strategies for classifying features and methods of decomposing a complicated feature into several simpler features for recognition purposes are discussed.

SYMBOL RECOGNITION IN A CAD ENVIRONMENT USING A NEURAL NETWORK

1994 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 157-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
DERSHUNG YANG ◽  
LARRY A. RENDELL ◽  
JULIE L. WEBSTER ◽  
DORIS S. SHAW ◽  
JAMES H. GARRETT
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Input Image ◽  
Design System ◽  
Feed Forward Network ◽  
Geometric Knowledge ◽  
Training Examples ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Discriminant Power

A new neural network called AUGURS is designed to assist a user of a Computer-Aided Design system in utilizing standard graphic symbols. With AUGURS, the CAD user can avoid searching for standard symbols in a large library and rely on AUGURS to automatically retrieve those symbols resembling the user’s drawing. More specifically, AUGURS inputs a bitmap image normalized with respect to location, size, and orientation, and outputs a list of standard symbols ranked by its assessment of the similarity between the symbol and the input image. Only the top ranked symbols are presented to the user for selection. AUGURS encodes geometric knowledge into its network structure and carefully balances its discriminant power and noise tolerance. The encoded knowledge enables AUGURS to learn reasonably well despite the limited number of training examples, the most serious challenge for the CAD domain. We have compared AUGURS with the Zipcode Net, a traditional layered feed-forward network with an unconstrained structure, and a network that inputs either Zernike or pseudo-Zernike moments. The experimental results conclude that AUGURS can achieve the best recognition performance among all networks being compared with reasonable recognition and learning efficiency.

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