anthropological approach
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2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-296
Author(s):  
Adelia Octaviani

Keberhasilan dakwah sangat ditentukan oleh strategi yang dipilih oleh da’i. Dakwah aktual dan kontekstual merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat dipilih agar pesan efektif mempengaruhi kesadaran dan perilaku masyarakat. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkonstruksi strategi dakwah digital dalam konteks generasi milenial. Melalui pendekatan antropologi digital, artikel ini mengeksplorasi salah satu aktifitas yaitu komunitas Shift yang dipimpinan Hanan Attaki dimana ia melakukan dakwah digital dengan sasaran utama generasi milenial. Dalam studi ini ditelusuri beberapa media sosial yang sering digunakan oleh Hanan Attaki, yaitu Youtube dan Instagram. Studi ini menunjukkan terdapat sejumlah model komunikasi yang bisa dibangun melalui dakwah digital yang menjangkau sasaran dakwah baru yaitu komunitas milenial. Aktualitas tema dakwah dan kontekstual dakwah yang relevan dengan karakteristik generasi milenial yaitu IT minded dan memiliki mobilitas yang tinggi sehingga membentuk moda komunikasi dakwah yang berciri representasi budaya sebagai penentu efektivitas dalam menjangkau kesadaran dan perilaku sasaran dakwah.The success of da'wah is largely determined by the strategy chosen by the Islamic preacher. Actual and contextual da'wah is one of ways that can be chosen by Islamic preacher so that messages can effectively influence people's awareness and behavior. The aim of this study is to construct a digital da'wah strategy in the context of the millennial generation. Through a digital anthropological approach, this study explores one of the activities, namely the Shift community led by Hanan Attaki where he conducts digital da'wah with the main target of the millennial generation. In this study, several social media are often used by Hanan Attaki, namely Youtube and Instagram. This study shows that there are a number of communication models that can be built through digital da'wah that reach new da'wah targets, namely the millennial community. The actuality of the da'wah theme and contextual da'wah that is relevant to the characteristics of the millennial generation, namely IT minded and it has high mobility and make a form of da'wah communication which characterized by cultural representation as a determinant of effectiveness in reaching awareness and behavior of da'wah targets.


Author(s):  
N.K. Danilova

The ethnic etiquette of the Yakuts demonstrates traditional culture, worldviews, and ritual and mythological practices. The historical and anthropological approach used in this study allowed us to consider motives and strategies of the behavior, customs and rituals in space and time. The study of folklore and ethnographic and linguistic materials made it possible to identify and analyze responses of the behavioral strategies that expand the boundaries of the developed space (travel customs and rituals), eliminate the “otherness” of a guest (an etiquette), and provide for communications between the man and the deities/spirits (a ritual). For the first time, archival and field materials on the guest and travel etiquette are introduced into scientific discourse. The aim of the study is to conduct a historical and cognitive analysis of the travel and guest etiquettes, which begin with overcoming the developed space — the dwelling place. As the result, we have revealed that the travel etiquette is primarily aimed at ensuring that the traveler returns home without encountering any obstacles in his journey. To achieve that, they used words-taboos and made a sacrifice to the spirit of the fire and to the spirit of the road. The analysis of special travel terms has shown that the main guardian of the traveler is his horse, while the behavioral code serves as an assurance of a successful journey. Compliance with pre-travel and travel taboos and rules primarily contributed to a safe return of the traveler. It has been found that the status of the traveler is transformed when he overcomes a “cultural barrier” — the fence, enters the developed space, and becomes a guest. The guest etiquette mainly defines behavior of the hosts, since the arrival of the guest, his welcoming and parting with him strengthened their life values, stability, and prosperity. The guest was considered to be a messenger of an alien world, so that the first series of the ritual actions was aimed at removing the “otherness” of the guest, the second series was aimed at including the guest in the home space, and the third series was aimed at seeing off the guest. Nowadays, respectful welcoming of a guest is also of a great importance, and the metaphor "the Yakut’s hospitality" has still not lost its significance.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
George Olusola Ajibade

Water is not only a physical substance; it is also an intrinsic part of peoples’ identity, cultural perception, religious beliefs and worldviews. Water is a relevant and a significant variable that is also germane to the understanding of Yorùbá peoples’ identity, culture and religion. Hence, this ethnographical and literary study examines the image of water in Yorùbá cosmology using folklore (oral texts) of the people as paradigms. It uses a field investigative method of research to elicit primary data from the people on the uses of water in diverse spheres of life. It supplements oral data with secondary data in the form of books, journal articles and archival materials. The data collected was analysed from the lenses of a hermeneutical-anthropological approach. The study found that water constitutes and creates cultural, social and religious identities among the Yorùbá people of southwestern Nigeria. In addition, it concludes that water represents one of the several ways through which the Yorùbá society can be best understood.


2021 ◽  
pp. 835-843
Author(s):  
Aleksei Kosykh

Introduction: formation of legal norms and their transformation, creation of the legal system, specialization and sectoral differentiation of legal norms indicate constant qualitative, intellectually grounded development of law. In the article the author analyzes basic concepts of understanding law (natural, historical, psychological, normative, Marxist, of anthropological approach) in order to determine the essence (nature) of law. The study of essential foundations of law is a fundamental task not only for the theory of law and state, but also for other sciences (philosophy of law, sociology of law, history of legal doctrines). The purpose of the work is to study an intellectual nature of law on the basis of analysis of various concepts of understanding law. Methods: the author’s key conclusions and findings are based on the use of materialistic dialectics in comparative legal, sociological and historical methods. Discussions: it is noteworthy that in each concept of understanding law, intelligence (mind, reason, common sense) is considered by scientists as an integral element of the process of legal education. Conclusions: taking into account the stated above, the author proposes to consider law within the framework of an anthropological approach as a result of human intellectual activity not only by its origin, but also by its essential basis, its nature. The author puts forward the thesis that law is the result of intelligence-based thinking activity of a person and suggests the author’s definition of law.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
uniuni

Kajian dalam buku ini menggunakan perspektif etika yang di dalamnya terkandung nilai-nilai universal, sehingga relevan dan aktual bagi kehidupan masyarakat indonesia yang sedang menghadapi krisis multi-dimensi. Sejauh ini, kajian terhadap ajaran-ajaran etika religius Syaikh Yusuf belum banyak dilakukan, terutama relevansinya dengan dakwah Islam di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, kajian ini berusaha memberikan deskripsi yang berbeda dalam metode analisis dan heuristik. Analisis filosofis dari sudut pandang teori etika religius ditambah teori etika filsafat adalah penelitian baru dalam kajian pemikiran Syaikh Yusuf. Beberapa penelitian memang telah dilakukan oleh penelitian lain, namun kajian mereka lebih difokuskan pada aspek anthropological approach, historical approach, filological approach, dan sociological approach. Sedangkan aspek philosophical approach belum diungkap sama sekali. Karena itulah kajian dalam buku ini difokuskan pada aspek tersebut.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
Giovanni Pizza

Abstract Starting from a Gramscian perspective, this article offers anthropological understandings of time in the experience of pandemics in Italy. The Gramscian suggestion is to go beyond hegemony in order to study the bodily life of powers. The author explores the anthropological sense of pandemics, also touching on philosophical approaches among contemporary studies. Following this, some questions about Italy are raised. What was the Italian experience of quarantine? Is it true that there was a ‘failure’ of the health model, above all in the northern regions, which had been praised as a pioneering model of public–private sector collaboration? Is it true to read the covid-19 pandemic as evidence of ‘victory’ for Italy’s central regions, such as the model of Umbria, with its centres of anthropological resistance? The instruments for answering these questions can be found in the critical anthropology of public health as outlined in the article.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
Elena I. Kolesnikova

The author analyzes the monograph “Utopian discourse in Russian culture of the late 19th – 21st century. Literature. Painting. Cinema”. The review determines the position of this book in modern science of projective models of the future. A key aspect is the continuity of previous studies on the category of utopia, and above all, B. F. Egorov, whose memory the book is dedicated to. The transition of modern art beyond the utopian genre is noticed. This confirms the appropriateness of the discursive technique. The author emphasizes the relevance of the traditional conversation about environmental problems and expresses bewilderment at the disregard by Western philologists of Russian fiction and scientific literature. As an unquestionable advantage of the monograph, its modern anthropological approach to the psychological details of private narrative utopias is noted.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-203

This article illustrates how social structures and behaviours of scientists in the societal sub-system of open science resemble patterns analysed in The Gift, an essay written by Marcel Mauss nearly 100 years ago. The presented analysis goes beyond existing interpretations of gift-giving in science. The latter has mainly focussed on the exchange of knowledge and citations. I argue that The Gift explains also identity, competition, co-opetition, rituals and punishment. Mauss’s Gift is seen as a complementary model to existing economic and sociological approaches regularly used to analyse structures and behaviours in open science. By accentuating such an anthropological approach, I conclude that the Gift provides explanations for the stability and the expansion of the open science community.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Darmasti Darmasti ◽  
Eko Wahyu Prihantoro ◽  
Suharji Suharji ◽  
Budi Setyastuti

ABSTRAKSendratari  Topeng Sekartaji merupakan tari tradisi garapan baru yang diilhami oleh Serat Panji yang ditulis pada Jaman Jenggala Kediri abad XI-XII. Tujuan penelitian Sendratari  Topeng Sekartaji adalah untuk menggali kreativitas tari di sekitar Surakarta serta menemukan bentuk dan elemen-elemen pendukungnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi pengumpulan data dengan tekhnik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan tekhnik analisis bentuk dan struktur. Evaluasi validitas data dengan tekhnik trianggulasi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan antropologi seni yang beranggapan bahwa karya seni merupakan ekspresi karya seniman. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Sendratari  Topeng Sekartaji merupakan karya tari kelompok bertema percintaan sebagai ungkapan kreativitas seni yang popular pada zaman akhir orde lama dan awal orde baru. Sendratari dalam kurun waktu, dipentaskan dengan berbagai variasi sesuai dengan pendukung, situasi dan kondisi serta waktu yang disediakan. Bentuk kreativitas seni dapat berupa frahmen, pethilan, tari tunggal  dan yang paling utama adalah sendratari. Tata urutan sajian tergantung pada bentuk pertunjukanya.  Gerak tari pada tokoh antagonis berupa gagahan gaya Surakarta, tokoh protagonis dengan alus luruh, sedang tari putri dengan putri luruh. Pada akhir pertunjukan selalu bermuara kepada keberhasilan hubungan cinta kasih. Kunci: sendratari, topeng, sekartaji, Surakarta.ABSTRACTThis research entitled “Sendratari Topeng Sekartaji” proposed exploring dance creativity in Surakarta and finding its formats and support elements. This research used data collection with techniques such as observation, interview and documentation as the research method. Data is processed by the technique of format and structure analysis. The technique of triangulation is used as a technique to evaluate data. This research used an art anthropological approach. It is assumed that an artwork is an expression of an artist’s work. Research results showed that Sendratari Topeng Sekartaji is a colossal dance with a romance theme. It was a representation of artwork that has been popularized since the end of the old order and early new order. During that time, sendratari has presented narratively, according to situation, condition and support elements. Art creativity manifested into fragment “pethilan”, single dance and especially “sendratari”. Its arrangement for presentation depends on its performance format. They have “gagahan” in Surakarta style for their dance moves, “alus luruh” and “putri lurah” for antagonist, protagonist, and female dance, irrespectively. The last performance always refers to romantic relationship successfully.Keywords:Sendratari Topeng; Sekartaji; Surakarta


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