Immigrant students in the Chilean school system: Interculturality and inclusion

According to current estimates, there are 244 million migrants worldwide, corresponding to 3.3% of the world’s population. In the Americas, the number of migrants increased by 36% during the year 2015. The purpose of this bibliographic study was to explore and describe the state of the art of social inclusion of immigrant students in the Chilean school system. The method in this article was a review of scientific evidence updated out in the main databases available MedLine and The Cochranre Library Plus (PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, EBSCO, Google Scholar), without date restriction, in Spanish, Portuguese and English. There were no restrictions regarding the type of study, without a date limit), 62 articles were selected. The increase of the foreign population in short periods of time exposes the migrant population to difficulties such as living in disorganization, and the need to adapt to the culture and customs of the host society, as well as traumatic events like abuse, discrimination, difficulties in access to health, educational and social services, lack of support networks and social articulation, which can have an impact on the physical and mental health of migrant populations. In Chile, it is still necessary to work to achieve intercultural education; indigenous people are still related to bilingual intercultural education. In conclussion, the diversity is a natural fact, therefore in this context it is suggested to create a vision of a culture of relations between diverse groups. Likewise, topics such as nationalism, identity, institutionalized attitudes of discrimination, xenophobia and racism, that still exist in the national culture, should be addressed.

BILINGUAL INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION AS AN IMPORTANT PRECONDITION OF PROVIDING THE EFFECTIVE INTERCULTURAL INTERACTION IN THE AMERICAN MULTINATIONAL SOCIETY

American scientists see the introduction of multicultural education, in particular bilingual intercultural education, as one of the promising ways of ensuring the effective intercultural interaction. The purpose of the paper is to analyse and summarise the ideas of the American experience of bilingual education as a means of ensuring the effective intercultural interaction in a multinational state. Methods of the research used: analysis and systematization of pedagogical works, which made it possible to identify conceptual considerations on the bilingual intercultural education as an important precondition of effective intercultural interaction; observations and practice of author’s teaching experience used to reveal the main aspects of the issue under consideration. Scientific novelty lies in the substantiation of essential characteristics of bilingual intercultural education and its role in ensuring of intercultural interaction in a multinational society. Bilingial intercultural education is a deliberate process of engaging in the world culture by means of native and foreign languages, when a foreign language acts as a means of knowing the world, acquiring of special knowledge, mastering the cultural, historical and social experience of different countries and peoples. For domestic science and practice, it is advisable to use the ideas of foreign experience of bilingual intercultural education. We consider bilingual intercultural education as such an education organisation when it becomes possible to use more than one language as a language of teaching. The second language is thus not only an object of study, but also a means of communication and a language of teaching. The main difference between bilingual intercultural education and traditional education is that the language of teaching itself is not only a tool for teaching and learning, but also its purpose.

La importancia de la construcción de la memoria histórica aymara en estudiantes de educación primaria desde un enfoque curricular intercultural bilingüe crítico en el norte de Chile

The general objective of this study is to analyze the importance of constructing an Aymara historical memory from a critical and bilingual intercultural curriculum theoretical approach for its implementation in primary education in schools in northern Chile. Methodologically, the design and construction of the proposed contents originate from a qualitative perspective in semi-structured interviews and focus group to inhabitants and organizations of the original Aymara Chilean people. This would allow the structuring of an intercultural curricular proposal based on the Aymara criteria and principles of systematization of their historical memory and indigenous knowledge from a critical theoretical perspective. Therefore, it is possible to sustain that this type of curricular model raises the possibility of eradicating the folklorization of Bilingual Intercultural Education in the classrooms of the northern border of Chile and manifesting the eventuality of being a complement to the national curriculum by developing intercultural competencies for all students from the north border of Chile.

UNA MIRADA CRÍTICA A LA EDUCACIÓN INTERCULTURAL BILINGÜE DE LOS ESTADOS LATINOAMERICANOS

Este trabajo presenta una reseña del libro Educación intercultural bilingüe y enfoque de interculturalidad en los sistemas educativos latinoamericanos Avances y desafíos publicado por Silvina Corbetta, Carlos Bonetti, Fernando Bustamante y Albano Vergara Parra en el año 2018. Desde esta intención, el libro que presentamos, es un interesante análisis sobre los avances y demoras, dificultades y facilitadores para la puesta en práctica de la EIB en los diversos países que integran la América Latina. La perspectiva y el enfoque crítico de la interculturalidad que los autores desarrollan en el libro es una propuesta ética política de gran valor para analizar los procesos educativos y la implementación de la EIB en las últimas décadas. ABSTRACT This paper presents an overview of the book Bilingual Intercultural Education and Approach to Interculturality in Latin American Education Systems Advances and Challenges published by Silvina Corbetta, Carlos Bonetti, Fernando Bustamante and Albano Vergara Parra in 2018. From this intention, the book that we present, is an interesting analysis on the progress and delays difficulties and facilitators for the implementation of the EIB in the various countries that make up Latin America. The perspective and critical approach to interculturality that authors develop in the book is a valuable political ethical proposition to analyze the educational processes and implementation of EIB in recent decades.

BIOGRAFÍAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN INTERCULTURAL BILINGÜE

En el presente artículo nos proponemos analizar las políticas de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe de las provincias de Chaco y Misiones (Argentina) a partir de las biografías de algunos/as referentes indígenas. Estas biografías nos aportan interesantes aspectos de los recorridos formativos individuales, atravesados por las transformaciones de la política educativa intercultural. Asimismo, permiten abordar la singularidad de dos casos de legislación provincial muy diferentes en cuanto a la visibilización de la cuestión indígena. La provincia de Chaco es reconocida por su temprana incorporación de normativa que pondera los derechos específicos para los pueblos indígenas que allí residen (toba/qom, mocoví/moqoit y wichí) y, específicamente, por contar con legislación muy progresista sobre los asuntos que regulan la escolarización y lenguas de los pueblos originarios. Por su parte, la provincia de Misiones presenta un escenario contrario, ya que el reconocimiento en las políticas públicas de derechos para los pueblos indígenas ha sido muy escaso y restrictivo; incluso si en particular tomamos en cuenta las políticas educativas, la regulación ha sido remisa, de poco alcance y focalizada. En el análisis efectuado en este artículo pondremos en diálogo las biografías educativas con las legislaciones provinciales más significativas y materiales de registros de trabajo de campo obtenidos de nuestras investigaciones etnográficas en las comunidades mbyá-guaraní de Misiones y toba/qom de Chaco.BIOGRAPHIES OF BILINGUAL INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION ABSTRACTIn this paper we analyze the policies of Bilingual Intercultural Education of the provinces of Chaco and Misiones (Argentina) from the biographies of some indigenous referents. These biographies give us interesting aspects of the individual formative paths, undergoing the transformations of intercultural educational policy. Likewise, they allow addressing the uniqueness of two very different cases of provincial legislation, regarding the visibility of the indigenous issue. The province of Chaco is recognized for its early incorporation of regulations that weigh the specific rights for the indigenous peoples that reside there (toba / qom, mocoví / moqoit and wichí) and, specifically, for having very progressive legislation on the matters they regulate the schooling and languages of the native peoples. On the other hand, the province of Misiones presents a contrary scene, since recognition in public rights policies for indigenous peoples has been very scarce and restrictive, even if we take into account educational policies in particular, the regulation has been scale, of little scope and focused. In the analysis carried out in this article, we will dialogue educational biographies with the most significant provincial laws and materials of field work records obtained from our ethnographic research in the Mbyá-Guaraní communities of Misiones and toba / qom de Chaco.Keywords: Biography. Intercultural Bilingual Education. Mbyá-Guaraní. Toba/Qom.

FORMACIÓN DOCENTE EN EDUCACIÓN INTERCULTURAL EN EL NOROESTE ARGENTINO: MIRADAS PLURALES

La formación docente orientada a la Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (EIB), en el interior rural inhóspito de Salta, al noroeste de Argentina, tiene una historia reciente atravesada por sucesivos cambios en las políticas nacionales y provinciales. En el sistema educativo argentino, la modalidad EIB entraña un desafío en todo sentido y en particular en la formación de profesoras y profesores de educación primaria. Requiere de-formar y crear nuevas formas, dentro de complejos procesos de reconocimiento y defensa de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas. El trabajo analiza la situación de la formación de docentes en general y en particular la del Extensión Áulica de Isla de Cañas, departamento de Iruya, que como otras carreras, depende del Instituto de Educación Superior n° 6023 de San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, capital del departamento de Oran en la frontera con Bolivia. Prestamos atención a las voces de quienes se forman como docentes en un territorio de conflictos y de postergaciones sociales, políticas y económicas que impactan en el campo educativo, donde compartimos la lucha por la apertura y sostén de los profesorados con orientación en EIB. Intentamos una comprensión amplia de nuestras prácticas en educación intercultural bilingüe a través de miradas plurales, donde los aportes posestructuralistas son deconstruidos dentro de un giro decolonial y de una hermenéutica pluritópica.TEACHER FORMATION IN INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION IN THE NORTHWEST OF ARGENTINA ABSTRACTTeacher formation oriented to Bilingual Intercultural Education (BIE), in the inhospitable rural interior of Salta, northwest Argentina, has a recent history crossed by successive changes in national and provincial policies. In the Argentine educational system, the EIB modality has a challenge in every sense and particularly in the formation of primary education teachers. Require de-form and creat new forms, in complex processes of recognition and defense of the rights of indigenous peoples. The work analyzes the situation of teacher formation in general and in particular the Satellite Classroom in Isla de Cañas, Iruya department, dependent of the Institute of Higher Education of San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, capital of the department of Oran on the border with Bolivia. We pay attention to the voices of students in a territory of conflict and social, political and economic delays that impact the educational field, place where we share the fight for openness and support of teachers with modality in BIE. We try a broad understanding of our practices in bilingual intercultural education through plural perspectives, where poststructuralist contributions are deconstructed within a decolonial turn and a pluritopic hermeneutic.Key words: Teacher formation. Bilingual Intercultural Education (BIE). Plural perspectives

Therapeutic approaches for deaf children at intervention centers in Chile’s metropolitan region: access to health and education

ABSTRACT Aim: to characterize the health or education centers that work with deaf children from an early age. Methods: a survey of those in charge of centers for people with hearing loss (N=5), special schools for the deaf (N=3) and hospitals in which therapeutic intervention for people with hearing impairments (N=6) was carried out in Santiago, Chile in 2014. It consulted the characteristics of the people attended, the intervention method used at each center and information about the professionals making up each team of workers. In addition, information was compiled about whether the institution had inclusion programmes for normal or special education. Results: the majority of the institutions indicated that they had an oral focus or a variation on this. Only one used the bilingual intercultural model and another indicated that did not use oral models. The results varied concerning access to education and even to professionals, at centers of the same kind. Conclusion: the majority of the institutions indicated that they worked using the oral intervention methodology, providing fewer options for the early inclusion of bilingual intercultural education or other intervention methodologies.