“Protection and Real Wages”: The History of an Idea

2017 ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Real Wages ◽  
History Of

A Cultural History of Sport in the Age of Industry

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Team Games ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comprehensive History

A Cultural History of Sport in the Age of Industry covers the period 1800 to 1920. Over this period, sport become increasingly global, some sports were radically altered, sports clubs proliferated, and new team games - such as baseball, basketball, and the various forms of football - were created, codified, commercialized, and professionalized. Yet this was also an age of cultural and political tensions, when issues around the role of women, social class, ethnicity and race, imperial relationships, nation-building, and amateur and professional approaches were all shaping sport. At the same time, increasing urbanization, population, real wages, and leisure time drove demand for sport ever higher, and the institutionalization and regulation of sport accelerated. The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Sport presents the first comprehensive history from classical antiquity to today, covering all forms and aspects of sport and its ever-changing social, cultural, political, and economic context and impact. The themes covered in each volume are the purpose of sport; sporting time and sporting space; products, training, and technology; rules and order; conflict and accommodation; inclusion, exclusion, and segregation; minds, bodies, and identities; representation.

scholarly journals United States Copper Companies, the State, and Labour Conflict in Mexico, 1900–1910

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Gonzales
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mexican Revolution ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
North Americans ◽  
History Of ◽  
Foreign Control ◽  
Key Industries

No topic encapsulates better the fundamental contradiction in capitalist development in Porfirian Mexico than the turbulent history of the copper industry. Within the space of a few years, the industry simultaneously experienced rapid growth, labour conflict and political controversy with international implications. This historical dynamic was unleashed, in part, by the Mexican government's policy of attracting overseas investors to Mexico through generous concessions and tax breaks that facilitated foreign control over key industries. The privileged position that public policy afforded foreign companies resulted in a nationalist backlash and exacerbated tension between native labour and foreign capital. The famous strike at Cananea, Sonora, in 1906 brought to national attention the grievances of Mexican workers over wage scales that favoured foreign workers over natives, falling real wages, and the power and arrogance of United States companies in Mexico. The strike became a scandal when armed North Americans from nearby Arizona crossed the border and assisted local authorities in crushing Mexican workers. This violation of Mexican sovereignty caused a storm of protest from both liberals and conservatives and unsettled the Díaz regime on the eve of the Mexican Revolution.

Institutions for writing the economic history of the global

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Luiten Van Zanden
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
National Income ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Global History ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
New Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Research

Global history needs to take advantage of new research methodologies of teamwork and collaboration. Historians and economic historians can work together to provide historical data sets covering the world. New evidence gathering and analysis through teams of historians pooling expertise can create new public goods for global history. Examples are provided by current collaborative projects on national income, prices, real wages, and labour relations. Historians working in such teams must make agreements over who owns the data, the division of labour and who leads the projects and publications.

A Rich Place, a Poor State

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-76
Author(s):  
Paul Gillingham
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Failed State ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military

This chapter analyzes the history of the state of Veracruz between 1880 and 1945. It charts the social impact of industrialization, the beginnings of oil extraction and the economic take off of the Porfiriato. It explores the notably low impact of the armed revolution on that economy, and the subsequent gains of organized labour and agrarian radicals in the 1920s and 30s in real wages, land, and political representation. Generals gave way to civilians and graduates in government, and a young generation of veracruzanos led by Miguel Alemán began their ascent to power in Mexico City. At the same time, however, in Alemán’s homeland peasant and labour movements fractured, the power of the military and violent landowners grew, corruption flourished, and the economy stalled. By the early 1940s Veracruz was a failed state.

The Standard of Life of the Workers in England. 1790–1830

1949 ◽  
Vol 9 (S1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
American Scholar ◽  
History Of

What happened to the standard of life of the British working classes in the late decades of the eighteenth and the early decades of the nineteenth centuries ? Was the introduction of the factory system beneficial or harmful in its effect on the workers? These, though related, are distinct questions. For it is possible that employment in factories conduced to an increase of real wages but that the tendency was more than offset by other influences, such as the rapid increase of population, the immigration of Irishmen, the destruction of wealth by long years of warfare, ill-devised tariffs, and misconceived measures for the relief of distress. Both questions have a bearing on some political and economic disputes of our own day, and this makes it difficult to consider them with complete objectivity. An American scholar (so it is said) once produced a book entitled An Impartial History of the Civil War: From the Southern Point of View. If I seek to emulate his impartiality I ought also to strive to equal his candor. Let me confess, therefore, at the start that I am of those who believe that, all in all, conditions of labor were becoming better, at least after 1820, and that the spread of the factory played a not inconsiderable part in the improvement.

"PROTECTION AND REAL WAGES": THE HISTORY OF AN IDEA

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONALD W JONES
Keyword(s):  
Real Wages ◽  
History Of

The Anthropometric History of the Mediterranean World

2015 ◽  
pp. 764-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A’Hearn
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Southern European Countries

Long-run height series for several southern European countries stagnate or decline from the early 18th to the mid-19th century. Read jointly with estimates of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and real wages, this evidence indicates that Mediterranean households were forced to work increasing annual hours in an effort to protect an already meager living standard. After the mid-19th century, conditions improved in all countries, but with different timing. Also different was the phasing of anthropometric and economic improvements, reflecting distributional and public health influences on living conditions. Today’s southern Europeans are typically shorter than their northern neighbors, which is only partly explicable in terms of measured health and wealth in the region. New evidence indicates that genetic differences may also play a role.

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