scholarly journals Deformation of singular fibers of genus two fibrations and small exotic symplectic 4-manifolds

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anar Akhmedov ◽  
Sümeyra Sakallı
Keyword(s):  
Singular Fibers ◽  
Higher Genus ◽  
Genus Formula ◽  
Genus Two ◽  
Simply Connected

We introduce the [Formula: see text]-nodal spherical deformation of certain singular fibers of genus two fibrations, and use such deformations to construct various examples of simply connected minimal symplectic [Formula: see text]-manifolds with small topology. More specifically, we construct new exotic minimal symplectic [Formula: see text]-manifolds homeomorphic but not diffeomorphic to [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] using combinations of such deformations, symplectic blowups, and (generalized) rational blowdown surgery. We also discuss generalizing our constructions to higher genus fibrations using [Formula: see text]-nodal spherical deformations of certain singular fibers of genus [Formula: see text] fibrations.

Cuspidality in higher genus

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (08) ◽  
pp. 2043-2060
Author(s):  
Dania Zantout
Keyword(s):  
Linear Operator ◽  
Half Space ◽  
Modular Forms ◽  
Cusp Forms ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Global Operator ◽  
Higher Genus ◽  
Genus Formula ◽  
Holomorphic Modular Forms

We define a global linear operator that projects holomorphic modular forms defined on the Siegel upper half space of genus [Formula: see text] to all the rational boundaries of lower degrees. This global operator reduces to Siegel's [Formula: see text] operator when considering only the maximal standard cusps of degree [Formula: see text]. One advantage of this generalization is that it allows us to give a general notion of cusp forms in genus [Formula: see text] and to bridge this new notion with the classical one found in the literature.

scholarly journals Towards the Sato–Tate groups of trinomial hyperelliptic curves

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Melissa Emory ◽  
Heidi Goodson ◽  
Alexandre Peyrot
Keyword(s):  
Hyperelliptic Curves ◽  
New Method ◽  
Identity Component ◽  
Families Of Curves ◽  
Tate Group ◽  
Higher Genus ◽  
Genus Formula

We consider the identity component of the Sato–Tate group of the Jacobian of curves of the form [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the genus of the curve and [Formula: see text] is constant. We approach this problem in three ways. First we use a theorem of Kani-Rosen to determine the splitting of Jacobians for [Formula: see text] curves of genus 4 and 5 and prove what the identity component of the Sato–Tate group is in each case. We then determine the splitting of Jacobians of higher genus [Formula: see text] curves by finding maps to lower genus curves and then computing pullbacks of differential 1-forms. In using this method, we are able to relate the Jacobians of curves of the form [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Finally, we develop a new method for computing the identity component of the Sato–Tate groups of the Jacobians of the three families of curves. We use this method to compute many explicit examples, and find surprising patterns in the shapes of the identity components [Formula: see text] for these families of curves.

scholarly journals Khovanov–Lipshitz–Sarkar homotopy type for links in thickened higher genus surfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis H. Kauffman ◽  
Igor Mikhailovich Nikonov ◽  
Eiji Ogasa
Keyword(s):  
Homotopy Type ◽  
Khovanov Homology ◽  
Stable Homotopy ◽  
Product Manifold ◽  
Oriented Surface ◽  
Steenrod Square ◽  
Higher Genus ◽  
Genus Formula ◽  
Thickened Surface ◽  
Closed Oriented Surface

We discuss links in thickened surfaces. We define the Khovanov–Lipshitz–Sarkar stable homotopy type and the Steenrod square for the homotopical Khovanov homology of links in thickened surfaces with genus [Formula: see text]. A surface means a closed oriented surface unless otherwise stated. Of course, a surface may or may not be the sphere. A thickened surface means a product manifold of a surface and the interval. A link in a thickened surface (respectively, a 3-manifold) means a submanifold of a thickened surface (respectively, a 3-manifold) which is diffeomorphic to a disjoint collection of circles. Our Khovanov–Lipshitz–Sarkar stable homotopy type and our Steenrod square of links in thickened surfaces with genus [Formula: see text] are stronger than the homotopical Khovanov homology of links in thickened surfaces with genus [Formula: see text]. It is the first meaningful Khovanov–Lipshitz–Sarkar stable homotopy type of links in 3-manifolds other than the 3-sphere. We point out that our theory has a different feature in the torus case.

scholarly journals Sturm’s operator for scalar weight in arbitrary genus

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2677-2686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Maurischat
Keyword(s):  
Modular Forms ◽  
Projection Operator ◽  
Siegel Modular Forms ◽  
Arbitrary Genus ◽  
Genus Formula ◽  
Genus Two ◽  
Holomorphic Projection

In contrast to the well-known cases of large weights, Sturm’s operator does not realize the holomorphic projection operator for lower weights. We prove its failure for arbitrary Siegel modular forms of genus [Formula: see text] and scalar weight [Formula: see text]. This generalizes a result for genus two in [K. Maurischat and R. Weissauer, Phantom holomorphic projections arising from Sturm’s formula, preprint (2016)].

scholarly journals Non-negativity of BMN two-point functions with three string modes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-ning Du ◽  
Min-xin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Yang Mills ◽  
Numerical Tests ◽  
Higher Genus ◽  
Pp Wave ◽  
Transition Amplitudes ◽  
Genus Two ◽  
Super Yang Mills Theory

Abstract Recently, we proposed a novel entry of the pp-wave holographic dictionary, which equated the Berenstein-Maldacena-Nastase (BMN) two-point functions in free $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory with the norm squares of the quantum unitary transition amplitudes between the corresponding tensionless strings in the infinite curvature limit, for the cases with no more than three string modes in different transverse directions. A seemingly highly non-trivial conjectural consequence, particularly in the case of three string modes, is the non-negativity of the BMN two-point functions at any higher genus for any mode numbers. In this paper, we further perform the detailed calculations of the BMN two-point functions with three string modes at genus two, and explicitly verify that they are always non-negative through mostly extensive numerical tests.

The Nielsen-Thurston Classification

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benson Farb ◽  
Dan Margalit
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbolic Geometry ◽  
Mapping Class Groups ◽  
Classification Theorem ◽  
Mapping Class ◽  
Fundamental Result ◽  
Class Groups ◽  
Mapping Torus ◽  
Higher Genus ◽  
Manifold Theory

This chapter explains and proves the Nielsen–Thurston classification of elements of Mod(S), one of the central theorems in the study of mapping class groups. It first considers the classification of elements for the torus of Mod(T² before discussing higher-genus analogues for each of the three types of elements of Mod(T². It then states the Nielsen–Thurston classification theorem in various forms, as well as a connection to 3-manifold theory, along with Thurston's geometric classification of mapping torus. The rest of the chapter is devoted to Bers' proof of the Nielsen–Thurston classification. The collar lemma is highlighted as a new ingredient, as it is also a fundamental result in the hyperbolic geometry of surfaces.

scholarly journals Some groups with T1 primitive ideal spaces

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Carey ◽  
W. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subgroup ◽  
Lie Groups ◽  
Lie Group ◽  
Locally Compact Group ◽  
Primitive Ideal ◽  
Ideal Space ◽  
Solvable Lie Groups ◽  
Locally Compact ◽  
Simply Connected ◽  
Connected Lie Group

AbstractLet G be a second countable locally compact group possessing a normal subgroup N with G/N abelian. We prove that if G/N is discrete then G has T1 primitive ideal space if and only if the G-quasiorbits in Prim N are closed. This condition on G-quasiorbits arose in Pukanzky's work on connected and simply connected solvable Lie groups where it is equivalent to the condition of Auslander and Moore that G be type R on N (-nilradical). Using an abstract version of Pukanzky's arguments due to Green and Pedersen we establish that if G is a connected and simply connected Lie group then Prim G is T1 whenever G-quasiorbits in [G, G] are closed.

scholarly journals Exploring the landscape of CHL strings on Td

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamaría Font ◽  
Bernardo Fraiman ◽  
Mariana Graña ◽  
Carmen A. Núñez ◽  
Héctor Parra De Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Group ◽  
Moduli Space ◽  
Dynkin Diagram ◽  
Fundamental Groups ◽  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
Abelian Gauge ◽  
Reduced Rank ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
String Models ◽  
Simply Connected

Abstract Compactifications of the heterotic string on special Td/ℤ2 orbifolds realize a landscape of string models with 16 supercharges and a gauge group on the left-moving sector of reduced rank d + 8. The momenta of untwisted and twisted states span a lattice known as the Mikhailov lattice II(d), which is not self-dual for d > 1. By using computer algorithms which exploit the properties of lattice embeddings, we perform a systematic exploration of the moduli space for d ≤ 2, and give a list of maximally enhanced points where the U(1)d+8 enhances to a rank d + 8 non-Abelian gauge group. For d = 1, these groups are simply-laced and simply-connected, and in fact can be obtained from the Dynkin diagram of E10. For d = 2 there are also symplectic and doubly-connected groups. For the latter we find the precise form of their fundamental groups from embeddings of lattices into the dual of II(2). Our results easily generalize to d > 2.

scholarly journals R-GROUP AND WHITTAKER SPACE OF SOME GENUINE REPRESENTATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-61
Author(s):  
Fan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Series Representation ◽  
Principal Series ◽  
Symplectic Groups ◽  
Principal Series Representation ◽  
Connected Group ◽  
Covering Group ◽  
Simply Connected

Abstract For a unitary unramified genuine principal series representation of a covering group, we study the associated R-group. We prove a formula relating the R-group to the dimension of the Whittaker space for the irreducible constituents of such a principal series representation. Moreover, for certain saturated covers of a semisimple simply connected group, we also propose a simpler conjectural formula for such dimensions. This latter conjectural formula is verified in several cases, including covers of the symplectic groups.

scholarly journals Holomorphic anomaly equation for and the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit of local

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierrick Bousseau ◽  
Honglu Fan ◽  
Shuai Guo ◽  
Longting Wu
Keyword(s):  
Elliptic Curve ◽  
Moduli Spaces ◽  
Topological String ◽  
Holomorphic Anomaly ◽  
Holomorphic Anomaly Equation ◽  
Anomaly Equation ◽  
Witten Theory ◽  
Generating Series ◽  
Maximal Contact ◽  
Higher Genus

Abstract We prove a higher genus version of the genus $0$ local-relative correspondence of van Garrel-Graber-Ruddat: for $(X,D)$ a pair with X a smooth projective variety and D a nef smooth divisor, maximal contact Gromov-Witten theory of $(X,D)$ with $\lambda _g$ -insertion is related to Gromov-Witten theory of the total space of ${\mathcal O}_X(-D)$ and local Gromov-Witten theory of D. Specializing to $(X,D)=(S,E)$ for S a del Pezzo surface or a rational elliptic surface and E a smooth anticanonical divisor, we show that maximal contact Gromov-Witten theory of $(S,E)$ is determined by the Gromov-Witten theory of the Calabi-Yau 3-fold ${\mathcal O}_S(-E)$ and the stationary Gromov-Witten theory of the elliptic curve E. Specializing further to $S={\mathbb P}^2$ , we prove that higher genus generating series of maximal contact Gromov-Witten invariants of $({\mathbb P}^2,E)$ are quasimodular and satisfy a holomorphic anomaly equation. The proof combines the quasimodularity results and the holomorphic anomaly equations previously known for local ${\mathbb P}^2$ and the elliptic curve. Furthermore, using the connection between maximal contact Gromov-Witten invariants of $({\mathbb P}^2,E)$ and Betti numbers of moduli spaces of semistable one-dimensional sheaves on ${\mathbb P}^2$ , we obtain a proof of the quasimodularity and holomorphic anomaly equation predicted in the physics literature for the refined topological string free energy of local ${\mathbb P}^2$ in the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit.

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