Franciscan Books and their Readers

The book explores the manuscripts written, read, and studied by Franciscan friars from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries in Northern Italy, and specifically Padua, assessing four key aspects: ideal, space, form and readership. The ideal is studied through the regulations that determined what manuscripts should aim for. Space refers to the development and role of Franciscan libraries. The form is revealed by the assessment of the physical configuration of a set of representative manuscripts read, written, and manufactured by the friars. Finally, the study of the readership shows how Franciscans were skilled readers who employed certain forms of the manuscript as a portable, personal library, and as a tool for learning and pastoral care. By comparing the book collections of Padua’s reformed and unreformed medieval Franciscan libraries for the first time, this study reveals new features of the ground-breaking cultural agency of medieval friars.

THE ONTOLOGICAL TRIANGLE OF THE RELATIONAL PARADIGM

The philosophical analysis of three main paradigms in the basis of physical knowledge is carried out. It is permissible to conclude that in the case of electromagnetic interaction between the emitter and the absorber: 1) the process of interaction of the photon with the medium in space and time can occur; 2) in the case when the photon “teleports” - there is only a relation outside of space and time. The following classification of fundamental concepts, with which the relational paradigm deals, is revealed. The ideal: space and time, field, information, a set of movements of quantum particles. The material: interactions, environment. Nothing more than countable: time, electromagnetic interactions. Uncountable: space, environment, interactions with the environment, a set of movements of quantum particles. Substantial: environment, interactions, information, a set of movements of quantum particles. Relational: space, time, field - as a means of description.

Porosity and Play: Sustaining Public Life in New Zealand's Suburban Shopping Centres

<p>Throughout history, public plazas and town squares have provided the public realm for people to meet and "people watch". However the privatisation of public space has resulted in the demise of these traditional exterior public domains. These have been replaced by strictly controlled interior shopping malls, which place limitations on public behaviour. The concepts of 'play' and 'porosity' are possible remedies to the limitations. The purpose of this research is therefore to discover how the concepts of ‘play’ and ‘porosity’ can guide the redevelopment of New Zealand’s suburban shopping malls so as to enhance the quality of public space without detracting from the malls' commercial performance. In essence, 'play' is the spontaneous interaction which enriches public life and space, and is an encapsulation of the ideas of Jan Gehl, Elizabeth Farrelly and Quentin Stevens. 'Porosity', a concept coined by Nan Ellin, involves mixing views, programmes, ecology and paths within the same space. This revealed itself to be a method by which a space might be manipulated to support play. The 'boundary' is considered by both Stevens and Gehl to be an ideal space for play to occur, as it provides people with something to work against. Consequently, the boundary is investigated as the space where play and porosity interact. The investigation of play, porosity and the boundary includes an examination of international mall precedents and New Zealand case studies. The findings from these studies and a review of relevant literature are eventually tested in a design case study. This involves a redevelopment of Pakuranga Mall in Auckland, and includes a detailed investigation of a single boundary at an architectural scale. The design successfully proves that that a specific type of play can interact with porosity at a boundary in order to locally enhance the quality of public space. However the design also raises further questions about the concepts of porosity and play. Porosity was achieved in both the master plan and the design of the single boundary and was therefore developed at both the macro and micro scales. However the concept of play was successfully introduced only at the micro level of architectural development at the boundary. Therefore, the conclusion to this thesis discusses whether the interaction of play and porosity is limited to the boundary, or if the two concepts can be developed further to interact at a macro scale beyond the confines of a single boundary.</p>

Porosity and Play: Sustaining Public Life in New Zealand's Suburban Shopping Centres

<p>Throughout history, public plazas and town squares have provided the public realm for people to meet and "people watch". However the privatisation of public space has resulted in the demise of these traditional exterior public domains. These have been replaced by strictly controlled interior shopping malls, which place limitations on public behaviour. The concepts of 'play' and 'porosity' are possible remedies to the limitations. The purpose of this research is therefore to discover how the concepts of ‘play’ and ‘porosity’ can guide the redevelopment of New Zealand’s suburban shopping malls so as to enhance the quality of public space without detracting from the malls' commercial performance. In essence, 'play' is the spontaneous interaction which enriches public life and space, and is an encapsulation of the ideas of Jan Gehl, Elizabeth Farrelly and Quentin Stevens. 'Porosity', a concept coined by Nan Ellin, involves mixing views, programmes, ecology and paths within the same space. This revealed itself to be a method by which a space might be manipulated to support play. The 'boundary' is considered by both Stevens and Gehl to be an ideal space for play to occur, as it provides people with something to work against. Consequently, the boundary is investigated as the space where play and porosity interact. The investigation of play, porosity and the boundary includes an examination of international mall precedents and New Zealand case studies. The findings from these studies and a review of relevant literature are eventually tested in a design case study. This involves a redevelopment of Pakuranga Mall in Auckland, and includes a detailed investigation of a single boundary at an architectural scale. The design successfully proves that that a specific type of play can interact with porosity at a boundary in order to locally enhance the quality of public space. However the design also raises further questions about the concepts of porosity and play. Porosity was achieved in both the master plan and the design of the single boundary and was therefore developed at both the macro and micro scales. However the concept of play was successfully introduced only at the micro level of architectural development at the boundary. Therefore, the conclusion to this thesis discusses whether the interaction of play and porosity is limited to the boundary, or if the two concepts can be developed further to interact at a macro scale beyond the confines of a single boundary.</p>

Light Effect, Color Applications and Composition in Ustad Nasrullah Sarwary Arts

This research pays for Ustad Nasrullah Sarwary arts’ characteristic one of Afghanistan modern painters in which analysis light display workout, color application and composition in his arts. The aim of this research it the cognition and introduction of specifications and hidden artistic and scientific points in Sarwary arts. The importance of this research is to introduce specification of one of skillful painters who was not known in art. The results show that Prof. Sarwary was successful to combine classism, naturalism and impressionism and make his own unique method. He also could make ideal space of light effect display and application of basic geometry in his art composition. Art students in Herat and Kabul Art Faculties can make the best of use of this research results as their study complementariness and also increase social knowledge level about an Afghan painter work specification (Sarwary).

Light Effect, Color Applications and Composition in Ustad Nasrullah Sarwary Arts

This research pays for Ustad Nasrullah Sarwary arts’ characteristic one of Afghanistan modern painters in which analysis light display workout, color application and composition in his arts. The aim of this research it the cognition and introduction of specifications and hidden artistic and scientific points in Sarwary arts. The importance of this research is to introduce specification of one of skillful painters who was not known in art. The results show that Prof. Sarwary was successful to combine classism, naturalism and impressionism and make his own unique method. He also could make ideal space of light effect display and application of basic geometry in his art composition. Art students in Herat and Kabul Art Faculties can make the best of use of this research results as their study complementariness and also increase social knowledge level about an Afghan painter work specification (Sarwary).

The crisis of dialogue and relationship in marriage in the perspective of the attachment theory

There have been many analyzes of changes and crisis, or – as some put it – “the lifestyle revolution”, in the face of the changes in the structure and functioning of marriage and family in the last thirty years. In culture and social life, trends related to individualism, autonomy and independence come to the fore, for which new means of virtual communication constitute the ideal space. The aspects of gender differences in emotionality, communication and coping with difficult situations by spouses will be indicated in describing the psychological conditions of marital communication at the background of the aforementioned changes and attachment-forming processes. In this context, the main thesis of the article was put forward that the lack of proper communication in a marriage leads to the breakdown of ties and relationships. Considering this issue, the experience of conflicts and crises by spouses, virtual communication depriving them of their actual presence, negotiating goals related to distance and closeness were considered. Ultimately, attempts were made to outline the consequences that result from the breakdown of relationships – loneliness, isolation and exclusion.

CONDITION (K) FOR BOOLEAN DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

We generalize Condition (K) from directed graphs to Boolean dynamical systems and show that a locally finite Boolean dynamical system $({{\mathcal {B}}},{{\mathcal {L}}},\theta )$ with countable ${{\mathcal {B}}}$ and ${{\mathcal {L}}}$ satisfies Condition (K) if and only if every ideal of its $C^*$ -algebra is gauge-invariant, if and only if its $C^*$ -algebra has the (weak) ideal property, and if and only if its $C^*$ -algebra has topological dimension zero. As a corollary we prove that if the $C^*$ -algebra of a locally finite Boolean dynamical system with ${{\mathcal {B}}}$ and ${{\mathcal {L}}}$ countable either has real rank zero or is purely infinite, then $({{\mathcal {B}}}, {{\mathcal {L}}}, \theta )$ satisfies Condition (K). We also generalize the notion of maximal tails from directed graph to Boolean dynamical systems and use this to give a complete description of the primitive ideal space of the $C^*$ -algebra of a locally finite Boolean dynamical system that satisfies Condition (K) and has countable ${{\mathcal {B}}}$ and ${{\mathcal {L}}}$ .

Coworking spaces and virtual learning communities in Social Networks: Case Study of #ElClaustroDeIG on Instagram

Social networks are consolidated as spaces for the exchange of valuable content. It is not surprising to find spaces for the exchange of good teaching practices in virtual learning communities, so the objective of this study is to analyze, through the case study of #ElClaustrodeIG on Instagram, the educational content focused on teaching that is shared for the Ibero-American community in Spanish, as well as the analysis of the users who share their experiences and good practices in this social network. In order to do this, content analysis is first carried out, through an analysis sheet to 300 posts and a questionnaire is applied to 130 users of this hashtag on Instagram in order to analyze their patterns of use, their interests and motivations, their training in ICT and social networks, as well as the impact that the use of this social network has on their professional development and the gratification they expect. The results show that most of the publications are about good practices for primary and preschool education while most of the users think that Instagram is an ideal space for non-formal learning, applying in the classrooms many of the good practices shared in this coworking space.