A Review of Pharmacological and Toxicological Effects of Sophora tonkinensis with Bioinformatics Prediction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Shuai-Nan Zhang ◽  
Xu-Zhao Li ◽  
Long-Yan Tan ◽  
Kui-Yuan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Laryngeal Diseases ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
South Central ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Sophora Tonkinensis ◽  
Chinese Medicine Theory

Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. (ST) (Fabaceae) is distributed chiefly in south-central and southeast China and Vietnam. In traditional Chinese medicine theory, the root and rhizome of ST are toxic and mainly used in the treatment of pharyngeal and laryngeal diseases. Modern studies provide new insights into the pharmacological and toxicological aspects of ST. The pharmacological and toxicological properties of ST were reviewed in this paper based on the literature from Google Scholar and CNKI, and the bioinformatics platforms were applied to explore the pharmacological and toxicological potentials of ST. The results of the literature analysis showed that ST has hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects and produces obvious toxicity to the liver and nervous and cardiovascular system. The results of bioinformatics showed that the compounds from ST may be applied to the treatment of cancer and digestive and nervous system diseases and show the possibility to cause hematotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. The present review demonstrates that attention should be paid to the potential toxicity of ST in the treatment of diseases and provides the reference for the subsequent pharmacological toxicological studies on the mechanism and chemical basis of ST.

Chemical and biological comparison of different sections of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Gou-Teng)

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Gang Zhang ◽  
Chang-An Geng ◽  
Xiao-Yan Huang ◽  
Xing-Long Chen ◽  
Yun-Bao Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hek293 Cell ◽  
Indole Alkaloids ◽  
Hypotensive Effect ◽  
Uncaria Rhynchophylla ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Chinese Medicine Theory ◽  
Different Parts

Uncaria rhynchophylla (Gou-Teng in Chinese) is officially documented in Chinese pharmacopoeia as one of the authentic sources for the crude drug of Gou-Teng which has long been used for mental and cardiovascular diseases. Indole alkaloids are the characteristic constituents responsible for the desired hypotensive effect; however, the psychiatric active constituents of Gou-Teng are still unclear. According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, only the hook-bearing stems of U. rhynchophylla are used as the crude materials for Gou-Teng, while its leaves and fruits are scarcely used. The present study aimed to compare the metabolic fingerprints of different parts (hooks, stems, leaves and fruits) of U. rhynchophylla by LC-DAD-MS/MS analysis and further evaluate their psychiatric activities on HEK293 cell line in vitro. A total of 38 constituents including 26 alkaloids, six flavonoids, two triterpenoids, two chlorogenic acid analogs and two other compounds were characterized. The different parts of U. rhynchophylla can be well differentiated from their chemical profiles. Leaves displayed the most potent activity on both MT1 and MT2 receptors, with agonistic rates of 39.7% and 97.6%. For 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors, hooks showed the strongest activity with agonistic rates of 92.6% and 83.1%, respectively. This investigation provided valuable information for understanding the chemical divergence between different parts of U. rhynchophylla, and their substantial bases for psychiatric purposes.

scholarly journals Psychological Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress as a Model of Sub-Healthy Condition and the Effect of TCM

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Gong Muxin ◽  
Hiroshi Nishida ◽  
Chieko Shirakawa ◽  
Shinji Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Chinese Medicine Formula ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory ◽  
Locomotive Activity ◽  
Carbonyl Formation ◽  
Chinese Medicine Theory ◽  
Herbal Mixtures

Distress-mediated tissue oxidative stress was examined as a model of sub-healthy condition defined in traditional Chinese medicine theory. Mice were subjected to psychologically stressful conditions by whiskers removal. Under this condition, spontaneous locomotive activity was significantly enhanced in the dark (P< 0.05 versus the control mice in three different movements), and granulocytes/lymphocytes balance shifted to granulocytes. At the same time, peroxynitrite level in blood plasma increased to ∼180% from that of the control mice at 6 h after removal of the whiskers (P< 0.01), and was maintained even after 12 h. Both protein carbonyl formation and lipid peroxidation were significantly increased under this condition in brain, heart, liver and spleen at 6 h after removal of whiskers (P< 0.05 orP< 0.01), and these levels were maximized after 12 h (increased to 120–160%,P< 0.05 orP< 0.01). The oxidative tissue injuries observed at 12 h after the removal of the whiskers were effectively prevented by two traditional Chinese medicine formula: Shengmai San (SMS) and Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang (LGZGT), when administered for 5 days before the removal of the whiskers. Therefore, this stress model is considered useful in assessing the preventive potential of antioxidants and antioxidant-based herbal mixtures in treating the pathophysiology associated with psychological or emotional distress.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants from North and Central America and the Caribbean Considered Toxic for Humans: The Other Side of the Coin

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Josabad Alonso-Castro ◽  
Fabiola Domínguez ◽  
Alan Joel Ruiz-Padilla ◽  
Nimsi Campos-Xolalpa ◽  
Juan Ramón Zapata-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Central America ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Argemone Mexicana ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
The Caribbean

The consumption of medicinal plants has notably increased over the past two decades. People consider herbal products as safe because of their natural origin, without taking into consideration whether these plants contain a toxic principle. This represents a serious health problem. A bibliographic search was carried out using published scientific material on native plants from Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, which describe the ethnobotanical and toxicological information of medicinal plants empirically considered to be toxic. A total of 216 medicinal plants belonging to 77 families have been reported as toxic. Of these plants, 76 had been studied, and 140 plants lacked studies regarding their toxicological effects. The toxicity of 16 plants species has been reported in clinical cases, particularly in children. From these plants, deaths have been reported with the consumption ofChenopodium ambrosioides,Argemone mexicana, andThevetia peruviana. In most of the cases, the principle of the plant responsible for the toxicity is unknown. There is limited information about the toxicity of medicinal plants used in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. More toxicological studies are necessary to contribute information about the safe use of the medicinal plants cited in this review.

Mechanism Design and Analysis of a Foot Massage Robot

2013 ◽  
Vol 694-697 ◽  
pp. 1753-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Yu Xiao ◽  
Hong Guang Wang ◽  
Dong Hua Ma ◽  
Yong Jiang ◽  
Yong Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acupuncture Point ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Robot System ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Point Matching ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory ◽  
New Type ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Robot Technology ◽  
Chinese Medicine Theory

Combining the traditional Chinese-medicine theory and the modern robot technology, a new type of massage robot that can accurately locate the acupuncture points and implement the acupuncture point-matching treaatment has been proposed. A serial-parallel mechanism is adopted as the main mechanism of the massage robot that has the merits of not only compact structure and dexterous movement, but also realization of the motion decoupling from the force control of the massage mechanism. Based on the introduction of the foot massage robot system and its function, both the analysis of the mechanism and the optimal design have been completed to meet the design requirements. The kinematics model has been established. The simulation and experimental research have been carried out and verified the rationality of the design and the feasibility of the scheme.

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