scholarly journals SOME MARKET EFFECTS OF E-COMMERCE

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (01) ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN FREEBAIRN
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Efficiency Gains ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Static Models ◽  
Competitive Forces ◽  
Profit Incentives ◽  
Benefits And Costs

An important characteristic of E-commerce is that it is a form of technological change. The effects of E-commerce induced reductions in business production costs and on seller to buyer transaction costs are assessed. Comparative static models for different market structures are used to assess the effects of E-commerce on prices, quantities, aggregate efficiency gains, and the distribution of benefits and costs. Ultimately consumers are the principal beneficiaries via lower prices. Competitive forces and profit incentives induce firms to adopt cost reducing E-commerce technology.

scholarly journals DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY AND ALIGNMENT OF ECONOMIC INTERESTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 230 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-416
Author(s):  
N.V. RASSKAZOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Reproduction Process

The problems of the digital economy development are central, since the introduction of digital technologies in the reproduction process provides for increased efficiency and reduced production costs. This fact encourages the development of digital platforms and mechanisms that allow to accelerate the process of interaction between different actors and reduce the transaction costs of coordinating economic interests at the micro and macro levels, which will eventually lead to economic growth. In this regard, the problem of digitalization of the Russian economy and its branches is relevant.

Research on Model of Division of Tender of Engineering: A Minimization Cost Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 2584-2589
Author(s):  
Ling Yan ◽  
Qiong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Real Case ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Division Process ◽  
Engineering Projects

With the implementation of engineering projects, essentially, the owner expects to make handsome profits at the lowest cost. From the perspective of project cost, the study try to analyze production costs and transaction costs on tenders division process, then to establish different project cost metering model of tenders division. At the last, the study applies the model to a real case to test it.

scholarly journals Transaction costs and corporate governance of sugar mills in Indonesia

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-297
Author(s):  
Ahmad Erani Yustika
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Sugar Mill ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Sugar Mills

The sugar industry remains a priority for development in the Indonesian agricultural sector, especially in East Java. However, the performance of the sugar industry in East Java during the two last decades has declined, which is shown in the decreasing volume of production. This study utilized the analysis of transaction cost economics to identify the problems of the sugar mills in East Java – Indonesia. This research compares the transaction costs between state-owned (Ngadiredjo) and privately-owned (Kebon Agung) sugar mills. The study shows that in Kebon Agung Sugar Mill transaction costs are higher than production costs, while in Ngadiredjo Sugar Mill the reverse is true. However, the high transaction costs in Kebon Agung Sugar Mill cannot be attributed directly to inefficient institutions, because Ngadiredjo Sugar Mill incurred high costs for plants, land preparation, and fertilizer, which decreased the proportion of transaction costs. If analyzed in detail, the following facts are revealed: (i) market transaction costs in Kebon Agung Sugar Mill are higher than in Ngadiredjo Sugar Mill. This is because Kebon Agung Sugar Mill has established cooperation with sugarcane farmers in the form of extensions and transport subsidies; and (ii) the political transaction costs proportion in Ngadiredjo Sugar Mill is higher than in Kebon Agung Sugar Mill because of the imposition of many ‘illegal’ fees. There should be management (corporate) reform of sugar mills, both internal and external. Internally, sugar mill management must apply good corporate governance that guarantees the transparency and control of every activity. Nowadays, there is no controlling unit in sugar mill management that supervises corporate activity, so that it is susceptible to manipulation and mark-up. Externally, the relationship between sugar mill management (CEO) and the Board of Directors should be reformulated so that sugar mill management has wide authority to make corporate strategy decisions. Centralization of authority in holding firm (PTPN/PT. RNI) has caused high transaction costs as a result of the long hierarchy in decision-making.

Life Cycle Costing for Sustainability

2016 ◽  
pp. 96-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Üç ◽  
Cemal Elitaş
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Life Cycle Costing ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
User Costs ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Definitions Of Life

Life cycle costing supports sustainability by stressing the costs not only in the production and selling phases but also considering the costs which are incurred after the sale of the products. This chapter reveals main characteristics of life cycle costing as follows: Life cycle costing also includes production costs which are; (a) research and development costs, (b) marketing, selling, distribution and design costs, (c) and also user costs. User costs have three dimensions: transaction costs, maintenance costs, and disposal costs. Therefore one can simply assert that life cycle costing has a broader approach in the calculation of the costs compared to other conventional costing systems. After introducing the main characteristics and basic definitions of life cycle costing, this chapter will discuss the implementation of life cycle costing in comparison with other conventional costing systems. Following this, we will analyze the link between life cycle costing, waste management and sustainability. Overall review will be done in the conclusion.

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