Colour Recognition Algorithm Based on Colour Mapping Knowledge for Wooden Building Image

In the cross-media image reproduction technology, the accurate transfer and reproduction of colour between different media are an important issue in the reproduction process, and the colour mapping technology is the key technology to effectively maintain the image details and improve the level of colour reproduction. Wooden structure in the image colour and colour piece is different, the image of each colour of visual perception is not independent, and every colour in the image pixels is affected by the surrounding pixels, but in the process of image map, without thinking of the pixel space, adjacent pixels of mutual influence in particular, do not let a person particularly be satisfied with the resulting map figure. In the process of image processing by traditional colour mapping algorithm, the colour distortion caused by colour component is ignored and the block diagram of colour mapping system is constructed. With the continuous development of mapping recognition algorithms, the maximum and minimum brightness values in the image are mapped to the maximum and minimum brightness values of the display device by linear mapping algorithm according to the flow of the established recognition algorithm. By establishing the colour adjustment method of the colour mapping image, the processing effect of the mapping algorithm is analysed. The results show that the brightness deviation of the image is reduced and the colour resolution is improved by the colour brightness compensation.

Major Nutritional Metabolic Alterations Influencing the Reproductive System of Postpartum Dairy Cows

Early successful conception of postpartum dairy cows is crucial in determining the optimum reproductive efficiency and profitability in modern dairy farming. Due to the inherent high production potential of modern dairy cows, the extra stress burden of peri-parturient events, and associated endocrine and metabolic changes causes negative energy balance (NEBAL) in postpartum cows. The occurrence of NEBAL is associated with excessive fat mobilization in the form of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs). The phenomenon of NEFA mobilization furthers with occurrence of ketosis and fatty liver in postpartum dairy cows. High NEFAs and ketones are negatively associated with health and reproductive processes. An additional burden of hypocalcemia, ruminal acidosis, and high protein metabolism in postpartum cows presents further consequences for health and reproductive performance of postpartum dairy cows. This review intends to comprehend these major nutritional metabolic alterations, their mechanisms of influence on the reproduction process, and relevant mitigation strategies.

Generating Novel Male Sterile Tomatoes by Editing Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog Genes

Hybrid breeding of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), an important vegetable crop, is an effective way to improve yield and enhance disease and stress resistance. However, the efficiency of tomato hybridization is hindered by self-fertilization, which can be overcome using male sterile lines. It has been reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as a key regulator for anther development, mediated by RBOH (Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog) genes. Here, two tomato anther-expressed genes, LeRBOH (Solyc01g099620) and LeRBOHE (Solyc07g042460), were selected to cultivate novel tomato male sterile strains. By using a CRISPR/Cas9 system with a two-sgRNA module, the lerboh, lerbohe, and lerboh lerbohe mutant lines were generated, among which the lerbohe and lerboh lerbohe mutants displayed complete male sterility but could accept wild-type pollens and produce fruits normally. Further analysis uncovered significantly decreased ROS levels and abnormal programmed cell death in lerboh lerbohe anthers, indicating a key role of ROS metabolism in tomato pollen development. Taken together, our work demonstrates a successful application of gene editing via CRISPR/Cas9 in generating male sterile tomatoes and afforded helpful information for understanding how RBOH genes regulating tomato reproduction process.

НАЦІОНАЛЬНА МОДЕЛЬ СТІЙКОГО ЛЮДСЬКОГО РОЗВИТКУ: МЕТА ТА НАПРЯМКИ

The Republic of Belarus belongs to countries with a very high level of human development, implements the principles of gender-oriented health protection, harmonious combination of parental and professional responsibilities, and therefore the issue of forming a Belarusian model of sustainable human development through the innovative reproduction process of the population is relevant. The purpose of the study is to form a scientifically grounded approach to managing the model of sustainable human development in the system of its goals and areas of implementation. The methodological basis of the study was the modern legislative and regulatory acts regulating the socio-economic and innovative aspects of the development of society. The research tasks and their implementation, achievement of the goal are focused on the formation of the Concept of the Belarusian model of sustainable human development, based on the provisions of the fundamental concept of sustainable development of mankind, the basic concepts of the innovative reproduction process of the population and the world experience of state regulation of employment and sustainable employment. The main hypothesis of the study was the assumption about the possibility and feasibility of forming a Belarusian model of sustainable human development through the innovative reproduction process of the population and consolidated mechanisms in the system of state regulation of employment of the population aimed at increasing welfare. Presentation of the main material. This article is devoted to the analysis of the scientific approach proposed by the authors to the construction of a national model of sustainable human development in the system of its goals and components. The originality and practical significance is confirmed by our proposed goals, objectives of the Concept, directions and tools for its implementation. The formation of the concept of the Belarusian model of sustainable human development predetermines the need to reform the system of state regulation of employment, which leads to a change in the system of sources of formation of employment and mechanisms of state regulation of employment through a superstructure in these systems: sources of formation of innovative forms of full employment of the population, ensuring the reproduction of the labor force and human labor; algorithms of scientific and innovative policy for the implementation of mechanisms of state regulation of employment of the population in the system of decisions made at all levels; consolidated mechanisms in the system of state regulation of employment of the population aimed at increasing welfare; social mechanisms and guarantees for their implementation in the national economy on the principles of social equality. The practical significance and scientific novelty of the proposals lies in the fact that the conceptual foundations of the management of innovative employment of the population in the sustainable development of the national economy are built taking into account the forms of social protection of all age and gender strata of the population and professional strata as the determining role of state policy, contribute to the achievement of the criterion of the effectiveness of youth policy, implying a reduction the share of young people aged 15-24 who do not study and work, do not acquire professional skills, and also contributes to the inter-sectoral mobility of the labor force in social production. Conclusions and prospects for further research. In the future, practical recommendations for a more complete use of the resources of the national economy will allow the national economy to achieve not only the goal - GDP growth, but no less important goal - the satisfaction of the needs of a person of labor of social production.

Fintech and crowdfunding as tools for financing the reproduction process in agricultural activities

Agriculture plays an important role in the food security and sustainability of people in any country. The sustainability of agriculture can be improved by allowing the introduction of innovative services, such as financial technology (FinTech) and the digital marketplace. A digital trading platform supported by financial technology can transform business processes in agriculture into more sustainable ones in terms of financing and distribution. FinTech offers farmers easy ways to obtain funding sources through crowdfunding and digital payment systems. A digital trading platform can act as a platform for FinTech to integrate an innovative financial solution into the broader agricultural ecosystem. The article proposes a digital marketplace model using FinTech and a crowdfunding and payment system to support agricultural sustainability. The crowdfunding digital marketplace model brings together all participants (farmers, landowners, investors and consumers) in a platform that can promote transparency, empowerment, resourcefulness and public participation in agriculture.

THE SYSTEM OF RELATIONS OF INNOVATIVE FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT OF THE POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

In the introduction, a new object of research is indicated – innovative forms of employment in sustainable development, taking into account the principle of reproduction not only of the labor force, but of a working man in general. The purpose of the study is to analyze the system of relations of innovative forms of employment of the population of the Republic of Belarus in accordance with the requirements of sustainable development of the national economy. The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of the structure of employment of the able-bodied population in accordance with the requirements of sustainable development of the national economy.In the main part, the position is substantiated that today an analysis of the employment of the working-age population below and above its boundaries is carried out without taking into account the first preparatory stage of employment and labor of young people, without taking into account the indices of the level of sustainable socio-economic development of the country (health, education, standard of living, quality of life, healthy lifestyle; the level of development of environmental security and, in general, national security, demographic security).A global qualitative study of global and national documents, statistical data, proving the importance of researching a new object of the labor market – innovative forms of employment, was carried out.The results obtained can be applied in the development of a new object of the labor market – innovative forms of employment, in the construction of personal educational trajectories of young people, the development of the principle of social equality, in the construction of an innovative reproduction process of the population.

Overexpression of an Osa-miR162a Derivative in Rice Confers Cross-Kingdom RNA Interference-Mediated Brown Planthopper Resistance without Perturbing Host Development

Rice is a main food crop for more than half of the global population. The brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) is one of the most destructive insect pests of rice. Currently, repeated overuse of chemical insecticides represents a common practice in agriculture for BPH control, which can induce insect tolerance and provoke environmental concerns. This situation calls for innovative and widely applicable strategies for rice protection against BPH. Here we report that the rice osa-miR162a can mediate cross-kingdom RNA interference (RNAi) by targeting the NlTOR (Target of rapamycin) gene of BPH that regulates the reproduction process. Through artificial diet or injection, osa-miR162a mimics repressed the NlTOR expression and impaired the oviposition of BPH adults. Consistently, overproduced osa-miR162a in transgenic rice plants compromised the fecundity of BPH adults fed with these plants, but meanwhile perturbed root and grain development. To circumvent this issue, we generated osa-miR162a-m1, a sequence-optimized osa-miR162a, by decreasing base complementarity to rice endogenous target genes while increasing base complementarity to NlTOR. Transgenic overexpression of osa-miR162a-m1 conferred rice resistance to BPH without detectable developmental penalty. This work reveals the first cross-kingdom RNAi mechanism in rice-BPH interactions and inspires a potentially useful approach for improving rice resistance to BPH. We also introduce an effective strategy to uncouple unwanted host developmental perturbation from desirable cross-kingdom RNAi benefits for overexpressed plant miRNAs.

Binaural Reproduction Based on Bilateral Ambisonics

Binaural reproduction of high-quality spatial sound has gained considerable interest with the recent technology developments in virtual and augmented reality. The reproduction of binaural signals in the Spherical-Harmonics (SH) domain using Ambisonics is now a well-established methodology, with flexible binaural processing realized using SH representations of the sound-field and the Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF). However, in most practical cases, the binaural reproduction is order-limited, which introduces truncation errors that have a detrimental effect on the perception of the reproduced signals, mainly due to the truncation of the HRTF. Recently, it has been shown that manipulating the HRTF phase component, by ear-alignment, significantly reduces its effective SH order while preserving its phase information, which may be beneficial for alleviating the above detrimental effect. Incorporating the ear-aligned HRTF into the binaural reproduction process has been suggested by using Bilateral Ambisonics, which is an Ambisonics representation of the sound-field formulated at the two ears. While this method imposes challenges on acquiring the sound-field, and specifically, on applying head-rotations, it leads to a significant reduction in errors caused by the limited-order reproduction, which yields a substantial improvement in the perceived binaural reproduction quality even with first order SH.

Analysis of Expression Profiles of CircRNA and MiRNA in Oviduct during the Follicular and Luteal Phases of Sheep with Two Fecundity (FecB Gene) Genotypes

CircRNA and miRNA, as classes of non-coding RNA, have been found to play pivotal roles in sheep reproduction. There are many reports of circRNA and miRNA in the ovary and uterus, but few in the oviduct. In this study, RNA-Seq was performed to analyze the expression profile of circRNA and miRNA in the oviduct during the follicular phase and luteal phase of sheep with FecBBB and FecB++ genotypes. The results showed that a total of 3223 circRNAs and 148 miRNAs were identified. A total of 15 DE circRNAs and 40 DE miRNAs were found in the comparison between the follicular phase and luteal phase, and 1 DE circRNA and 18 DE miRNAs were found in the comparison between the FecBBB genotype and FecB++ genotype. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the host genes of DE circRNAs were mainly enriched in the Rap1 signaling pathway, PI3K–Akt signaling pathway and neuroactive ligand–receptor interactions. Novel_circ_0004065, novel_circ_0005109, novel_circ_0012086, novel_circ_0014274 and novel_circ_0001794 were found to be possibly involved in the oviductal reproduction process. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the target genes of DE miRNAs were mainly enriched in insulin secretion, the cAMP signaling pathway, the cGMP–PKG signaling pathway, the Rap1 signaling pathway and the TGF-β signaling pathway, and the target genes LPAR1, LPAR2, FGF18, TACR3, BMP6, SMAD4, INHBB, SKP1 and TGFBR2 were found to be associated with the reproductive process. Miranda software was used to identify 27 miRNAs that may bind to 13 DE circRNAs, including miR-22-3p (target to novel_circ_0004065), miR-127, miR-136 (target to novel_circ_0000417), miR-27a (target to novel_circ_0014274) and oar-miR-181a (target to novel_circ_ 0017815). The results of this study will help to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs and miRNAs in sheep reproduction. Our study, although not establishing direct causal relationships of the circRNA and miRNA changes, enriches the sheep circRNA and miRNA database and provides a basis for further studies on sheep reproduction.