A PROPOSED FORMULA FOR HORIZONTAL REVENUE ALLOCATION IN NIGERIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (06) ◽  
pp. 1250033
Author(s):  
VIRTUE U. EKHOSUEHI ◽  
AUGUSTINE A. OSAGIEDE
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Optimal Control Theory ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Fixed Time Interval ◽  
Hypothetical Data ◽  
Revenue Allocation ◽  
The Individual

In this study, we have applied optimal control theory to determine the optimum value of tax revenues accruing to a state given the range of budgeted expenditure on enforcing tax laws and awareness creation on the payment of the correct tax. This is achieved by maximizing the state's net tax revenue over a fixed time interval subject to certain constraints. By assuming that the satisfaction derived by the Federal Government of Nigeria on the ability of the individual states to generate tax revenue which is as near as the optimum tax revenue (via the state's control problem) is described by the logarithmic form of the Cobb–Douglas utility function, a formula for horizontal revenue allocation in Nigeria in its raw form is derived. Afterwards, we illustrate the use of the proposed horizontal revenue allocation formula using hypothetical data.

Simulation and optimization in marketing: Optimal control of consumer goodwill, price and investment

2014 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 1450004
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Raczynski
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Static Model ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Total Revenue ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Fixed Time Interval ◽  
Seasonal Index

Dynamic market optimization with respect to price, advertisement and investment is presented. The market model is nonlinear. Its main parameters are the elasticities with respect to price, advertisement and consumer income. Dynamic elements has been added to the static model based on the market elasticities. The parameters like seasonal index and consumer income are functions of time, and the whole market can grow due to the investment. The tools of the optimal control theory are applied to calculate optimal policy for product price, advertisement and investment, controlled simultaneously. The total revenue at the end of a fixed time interval is maximized.

scholarly journals A minimum trapping time problem in optimal control theory

1990 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Fisher ◽  
J. L. Noakes ◽  
K. L. Teo
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Optimal Control Theory ◽  
Natural Extension ◽  
Computational Procedure ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Minimum Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Trapping Time ◽  
Time Problem

AbstractIn this paper we consider a natural extension of the minimum time problem in optimal control theory which we refer to as the minimum trapping time problem. The minimum trapping time problem requires a fixed time interval [0, T], where T is finite. The aim is to determine a control for which the system trajectory not only reaches a specified target in minimum time but also remains trapped within the target until time T. Our aim is to devise a computational procedure for solving the minimum trapping time problem. The computational procedure we adopt uses control parametrisation in which the class of controls is approximated by a class of piecewise constant functions. The problem we are solving is therefore an approximation to the original minimum trapping time problem. Some properties for the approximate problem are then established. These lead to an extremely efficient iterative procedure for calculating the minimum trapping time.

scholarly journals Improved bounds for the availability and unavailability in a fixed time interval for systems of maintained, interdependent components

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 200-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Natvig
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Exact Results ◽  
Fixed Time Interval ◽  
Special Case

In this paper we arrive at a series of bounds for the availability and unavailability in the time interval I = [t A , t B ] ⊂ [0, ∞), for a coherent system of maintained, interdependent components. These generalize the minimal cut lower bound for the availability in [0, t] given in Esary and Proschan (1970) and also most bounds for the reliability at time t given in Bodin (1970) and Barlow and Proschan (1975). In the latter special case also some new improved bounds are given. The bounds arrived at are of great interest when trying to predict the performance process of the system. In particular, Lewis et al. (1978) have revealed the great need for adequate tools to treat the dependence between the random variables of interest when considering the safety of nuclear reactors. Satyanarayana and Prabhakar (1978) give a rapid algorithm for computing exact system reliability at time t. This can also be used in cases where some simpler assumptions on the dependence between the components are made. It seems, however, impossible to extend their approach to obtain exact results for the cases treated in the present paper.

scholarly journals Optimal Control against the Human Papillomavirus: Protection versus Eradication of the Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Saldaña ◽  
Andrei Korobeinikov ◽  
Ignacio Barradas
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Control Problem ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Optimal Controls ◽  
Total Prevalence

We investigate the optimal vaccination and screening strategies to minimize human papillomavirus (HPV) associated morbidity and the interventions cost. We propose a two-sex compartmental model of HPV-infection with time-dependent controls (vaccination of adolescents, adults, and screening) which can act simultaneously. We formulate optimal control problems complementing our model with two different objective functionals. The first functional corresponds to the protection of the vulnerable group and the control problem consists of minimizing the cumulative level of infected females over a fixed time interval. The second functional aims to eliminate the infection, and, thus, the control problem consists of minimizing the total prevalence at the end of the time interval. We prove the existence of solutions for the control problems, characterize the optimal controls, and carry out numerical simulations using various initial conditions. The results and properties and drawbacks of the model are discussed.

The evolution and measurement of a population of pairs

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 1048-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Jakeman ◽  
Sean Phayre ◽  
Eric Renshaw
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Time ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Fixed Time Interval ◽  
Analytical Results

The statistical properties of a population of immigrant pairs of individuals subject to loss through emigration are calculated. Exact analytical results are obtained which exhibit characteristic even–odd effects. The population is monitored externally by counting the number of emigrants leaving in a fixed time interval. The integrated statistics for this process are evaluated and it is shown that under certain conditions only even numbers of individuals will be observed.

scholarly journals Maximizing the Expected Duration of Owning a Relatively Best Object in a Poisson Process with Rankable Observations

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (02) ◽  
pp. 402-414
Author(s):  
Aiko Kurushima ◽  
Katsunori Ano
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Process ◽  
Stopping Time ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Prior Density ◽  
Deterministic Equation ◽  
Fixed Time Interval ◽  
Unknown Number ◽  
Random Intensity ◽  
Time Selection

Suppose that an unknown number of objects arrive sequentially according to a Poisson process with random intensity λ on some fixed time interval [0,T]. We assume a gamma prior density G λ(r, 1/a) for λ. Furthermore, we suppose that all arriving objects can be ranked uniquely among all preceding arrivals. Exactly one object can be selected. Our aim is to find a stopping time (selection time) which maximizes the time during which the selected object will stay relatively best. Our main result is the following. It is optimal to select the ith object that is relatively best and arrives at some time s i (r) onwards. The value of s i (r) can be obtained for each r and i as the unique root of a deterministic equation.

The Hering-Breuer reflex in anesthetized infants: end-inspiratory vs. end-expiratory occlusion technique

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1437-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Brown ◽  
J. Stocks ◽  
C. Aun ◽  
P. S. Rabbette
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Time ◽  
Inspiratory Effort ◽  
Stretch Receptor ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Respiratory Drive ◽  
Inspiratory Time ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Fixed Time Interval ◽  
Fixed Proportion ◽  
Occlusion Technique

Both end-inspiratory (EIO) and end-expiratory (EEO) occlusions have been used to measure the strength of the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex (HBIR) in infants. The purpose of this study was to compare both techniques in anesthetized infants. In each infant, HBIR activity was calculated as the relative prolongation of expiratory and inspiratory time during EIO and EEO, respectively. Respiratory drive was assessed from the change in airway pressure during inspiratory effort against the occlusion, both at a fixed time interval of 100 ms (P0.1) and a fixed proportion (10%) of the occluded inspiratory time (P10%). Twenty-two infants [age 14.3 ± 6.4 (SD) mo] were studied. No HBIR activity was present during EIO [−11.8 ± 15.9 (SD) %]. By contrast, there was significant, albeit weak, reflex activity during EEO [HBIR: 27.2 ± 17.4%]. A strong HBIR (up to 310%) was elicited in six of seven infants in whom EIO was repeated after lung inflation. P0.1 was similar during both types of occlusions, whereas mean ± SD P10% was lower during EEO than during EIO: 0.198 ± 0.09 vs. 0.367 ± 0.15 kPa, respectively ( P < 0.01). These data suggest a difference in the central integration of stretch receptor activity in infants during anesthesia compared with during sleep.

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