scholarly journals THE ELECTRIC CHARGE ASSIGNMENT INSU(4)L⊗U(1)YGAUGE MODELS

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
pp. 1247-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADRIAN PALCU
Keyword(s):  
Electric Charge ◽  
Usual Approach ◽  
Gauge Models ◽  
Charge Assignment ◽  
Correct Assignment ◽  
Charge Spectrum ◽  
Gauge Couplings ◽  
General Method

In this brief report, apart from the usual approach, we discriminate among models in the class of SU (4)L⊗ U (1)Yelectroweak gauge models by just setting the versors in the general method of treating gauge models with high symmetries. We prove that the method itself naturally predicts the correct assignment of the electric charge spectrum along with the relation between the gauge couplings of the groups involved therein for each particular model in this class.

scholarly journals CHARGES AND MASS SPECTRUM IN THE PISANO–PLEITEZ–FRAMPTON 3-3-1 GAUGE MODEL

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 1011-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
ION I. COTĂESCU ◽  
ADRIAN PALCU
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrum ◽  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Neutrino Mass ◽  
Higgs Mechanism ◽  
Gauge Model ◽  
Gauge Models ◽  
Fermion Masses ◽  
Mass Pattern ◽  
General Method

The Pisano–Pleitez–Frampton 3-3-1 model is revisited here within the framework of the general method for solving gauge models with high symmetries. This exact algebraical approach — proposed several years ago by one of us — was designed to include a minimal Higgs mechanism that spontaneously breaks the gauge symmetry up to the universal U(1)em electromagnetic one and, consequently, to supply the mass spectrum and the couplings of the currents for all the particles in the model. We prove in this paper that this powerful tool, when is applied to the PPF 3-3-1 model, naturally recovers the whole Standard Model phenomenology and, in addition, predicts — since a proper parametrization is employed — viable results such as: (i) the exact expressions for the boson and fermion masses, (ii) the couplings of the charged and neutral currents and (iii) a plausible neutrino mass pattern. A generalized Weinberg transformation is implemented, while the mixing between the neutral bosons Z and Z′ is performed as a necessary step by the method itself. Some phenomenological consequences are also sketched, including the strange possibility that simultaneously m(Z) = m(Z′) and m(W) = m(V) hold.

scholarly journals Electric charge quantization in SU(3)c ⊗SU(4)L ⊗U(1)X models

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (06) ◽  
pp. 1450032 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Cabarcas ◽  
J.-Alexis Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Symmetry Group ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Chiral Anomaly ◽  
Classical Symmetry ◽  
Gauge Models ◽  
Charge Quantization

We obtain electric charge quantization in the context of models based on the gauge symmetry group SU (3)c ⊗ U (4)L ⊗U(1)X. The gauge models study include three families to cancel out anomalies and a set of scalar fields to break the symmetry spontaneously. To show the electric charge quantization, we use classical symmetry conditions and quantum chiral anomaly conditions.

Electric charge spectrum of recoiling 218Po

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1055-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Abou-Khalil ◽  
N. Michielsen ◽  
S. Della-Negra ◽  
A. Nourreddine ◽  
E. Baussan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Charge ◽  
Charge Spectrum

ELECTRIC CHARGE QUANTIZATION AND VECTOR-LIKE FERMIONS

1990 ◽  
Vol 05 (24) ◽  
pp. 1947-1949 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT FOOT
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Life Time ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Gauge Models ◽  
Flavor Changing ◽  
Charge Quantization ◽  
The Standard Model

In extended gauge models with gauge group G, electric charge quantization is not always an automatic consequence of the consistency of the theory. Exotic fermions which have SU (3) ⊗ SU (2) L ⊗ U (1) invariant mass terms can provide a simple method for preserving the charge quantization feature of the standard model. This procedure is applied to the segregated isospin model.This approach indicates that precision measurements of the τ-lepton life-time and rare flavor-changing neutral processes may provide the first indications of new physics beyond the standard model.

scholarly journals SU(n) ⊗ U(1)c Gauge Models with Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (08) ◽  
pp. 1483-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion I. Cotăescu
Keyword(s):  
Exact Solution ◽  
Mass Spectrum ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Higgs Mechanism ◽  
Boson Mass ◽  
Coupling Coefficients ◽  
Yukawa Couplings ◽  
Gauge Models ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
General Method

A possible generalization of the technique of the standard model to SU (n) ⊗ U (1) gauge models is proposed. A special Higgs mechanism and a new kind of Yukawa couplings in unitary gauge are introduced. These allow us to obtain a general method for deriving boson mass spectrum and coupling coefficients which will be used to find an exact solution of the Frampton–Pisano–Pleitez three-generation SU (3) ⊗ U (1) model.

scholarly journals NEUTRAL CURRENTS IN ASU(4)L⊗U(1)YGAUGE MODEL WITH EXOTIC ELECTRIC CHARGES

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (27) ◽  
pp. 2175-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADRIAN PALCU
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Gauge Model ◽  
Neutral Currents ◽  
Gauge Models ◽  
Plausible Values ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
General Method

The weak currents with respect to the diagonal neutral bosons Z, Z′ and Z′′of a specific SU (4)L⊗ U (1)Ygauge model are computed in detail for all the fermion families involved therein. Our algebraical approach, which is based on the general method of solving gauge models with high symmetries proposed several years ago by Cotăescu, recovers in a nontrivial way all the Standard Model values for current couplings of the traditional leptons and quarks, and predicts plausible values for those of the exotic fermions in the model.

A General Method for Spectrometer Design in the Scoff Approximation

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 538-539
Author(s):  
J. R. Fields
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Chemical Identification ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
General Method

The energy analysis of electrons scattered by a specimen in a scanning transmission electron microscope can improve contrast as well as aid in chemical identification. In so far as energy analysis is useful, one would like to be able to design a spectrometer which is tailored to his particular needs. In our own case, we require a spectrometer which will accept a parallel incident beam and which will focus the electrons in both the median and perpendicular planes. In addition, since we intend to follow the spectrometer by a detector array rather than a single energy selecting slit, we need as great a dispersion as possible. Therefore, we would like to follow our spectrometer by a magnifying lens. Consequently, the line along which electrons of varying energy are dispersed must be normal to the direction of the central ray at the spectrometer exit.

Phase behavior of cationic and anionic surfactants at low concentrations

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
E. Naranjo
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Surfactant Mixtures ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Cationic And Anionic Surfactants ◽  
General Method

Equilibrium vesicles, those which are the stable form of aggregation and form spontaneously on mixing surfactant with water, have never been demonstrated in single component bilayers and only rarely in lipid or surfactant mixtures. Designing a simple and general method for producing spontaneous and stable vesicles depends on a better understanding of the thermodynamics of aggregation, the interplay of intermolecular forces in surfactants, and an efficient way of doing structural characterization in dynamic systems.

Caricaturing as a general method to improve poor face recognition: Evidence from low-resolution images, other-race faces, and older adults.

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Dawel ◽  
Tsz Ying Wong ◽  
Jodie McMorrow ◽  
Callin Ivanovici ◽  
Xuming He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Face Recognition ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
General Method ◽  
Low Resolution Images
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