scholarly journals Electric charge quantization in SU(3)c ⊗SU(4)L ⊗U(1)X models

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (06) ◽  
pp. 1450032 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Cabarcas ◽  
J.-Alexis Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Symmetry Group ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Chiral Anomaly ◽  
Classical Symmetry ◽  
Gauge Models ◽  
Charge Quantization

We obtain electric charge quantization in the context of models based on the gauge symmetry group SU (3)c ⊗ U (4)L ⊗U(1)X. The gauge models study include three families to cancel out anomalies and a set of scalar fields to break the symmetry spontaneously. To show the electric charge quantization, we use classical symmetry conditions and quantum chiral anomaly conditions.

ELECTRIC CHARGE QUANTIZATION AND VECTOR-LIKE FERMIONS

1990 ◽  
Vol 05 (24) ◽  
pp. 1947-1949 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT FOOT
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Life Time ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Gauge Models ◽  
Flavor Changing ◽  
Charge Quantization ◽  
The Standard Model

In extended gauge models with gauge group G, electric charge quantization is not always an automatic consequence of the consistency of the theory. Exotic fermions which have SU (3) ⊗ SU (2) L ⊗ U (1) invariant mass terms can provide a simple method for preserving the charge quantization feature of the standard model. This procedure is applied to the segregated isospin model.This approach indicates that precision measurements of the τ-lepton life-time and rare flavor-changing neutral processes may provide the first indications of new physics beyond the standard model.

scholarly journals Construction and Characterization of Representations of SU(7) for GUT Model Builders

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Daniel Jones ◽  
Jeffery A. Secrest
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Symmetry Group ◽  
Lie Group ◽  
Cartan Subalgebra ◽  
Natural Extension ◽  
Grand Unification ◽  
Raising And Lowering Operators ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
Lowering Operators

The natural extension to the SU(5) Georgi-Glashow grand unification model is to enlarge the gauge symmetry group. In this work, the SU(7) symmetry group is examined. The Cartan subalgebra is determined along with their commutation relations. The associated roots and weights of the SU(7) algebra are derived and discussed. The raising and lowering operators are explicitly constructed and presented. Higher dimensional representations are developed by graphical as well as tensorial methods. Applications of the SU(7) Lie group to supersymmetric grand unification as well as applications are discussed.

scholarly journals Index theorem for non-supersymmetric fermions coupled to a non-Abelian string and electric charge quantization

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (09) ◽  
pp. 1850053
Author(s):  
M. Shifman ◽  
A. Yung
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Group ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Index Theorem ◽  
Index Theorems ◽  
Zero Modes ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Charge Quantization ◽  
Supersymmetric Theories ◽  
String Background

Non-Abelian strings are considered in non-supersymmetric theories with fermions in various appropriate representations of the gauge group U[Formula: see text]. We derive the electric charge quantization conditions and the index theorems counting fermion zero modes in the string background both for the left-handed and right-handed fermions. In both cases we observe a non-trivial [Formula: see text] dependence.

scholarly journals Mixing Renormalization for Scalar Fields

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 3695-3734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio O. Bouzas
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
Mass Shell ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Gauge Models ◽  
Loop Level ◽  
Ms Scheme ◽  
The One

We consider the renormalization of theories with many scalar fields. We discuss at the one-loop level some simple, non-gauge models with an arbitrary number of scalars and fermions both in mass-shell and MS schemes. In the MS scheme we give a detailed qualitative analysis of the RG flow of dimensionless couplings in flavor space.

Lie Symmetry Group of the Nonisospectral Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Equation

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Chen ◽  
Xiaorui Hu
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Group ◽  
Discrete Group ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Lie Symmetry ◽  
Kp Equation ◽  
Classical Symmetry ◽  
Petviashvili Equation ◽  
Finite Transformation ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Symmetry Method

The classical symmetry method and the modified Clarkson and Kruskal (C-K) method are used to obtain the Lie symmetry group of a nonisospectral Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation. It is shown that the Lie symmetry group obtained via the traditional Lie approach is only a special case of the symmetry groups obtained by the modified C-K method. The discrete group analysis is given to show the relations between the discrete group and parameters in the ansatz. Furthermore, the expressions of the exact finite transformation of the Lie groups via the modified C-K method are much simpler than those obtained via the standard approach.

scholarly journals CHARGES AND MASS SPECTRUM IN THE PISANO–PLEITEZ–FRAMPTON 3-3-1 GAUGE MODEL

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 1011-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
ION I. COTĂESCU ◽  
ADRIAN PALCU
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrum ◽  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Neutrino Mass ◽  
Higgs Mechanism ◽  
Gauge Model ◽  
Gauge Models ◽  
Fermion Masses ◽  
Mass Pattern ◽  
General Method

The Pisano–Pleitez–Frampton 3-3-1 model is revisited here within the framework of the general method for solving gauge models with high symmetries. This exact algebraical approach — proposed several years ago by one of us — was designed to include a minimal Higgs mechanism that spontaneously breaks the gauge symmetry up to the universal U(1)em electromagnetic one and, consequently, to supply the mass spectrum and the couplings of the currents for all the particles in the model. We prove in this paper that this powerful tool, when is applied to the PPF 3-3-1 model, naturally recovers the whole Standard Model phenomenology and, in addition, predicts — since a proper parametrization is employed — viable results such as: (i) the exact expressions for the boson and fermion masses, (ii) the couplings of the charged and neutral currents and (iii) a plausible neutrino mass pattern. A generalized Weinberg transformation is implemented, while the mixing between the neutral bosons Z and Z′ is performed as a necessary step by the method itself. Some phenomenological consequences are also sketched, including the strange possibility that simultaneously m(Z) = m(Z′) and m(W) = m(V) hold.

scholarly journals On the consistency of a class of R -symmetry gauged 6 D  N = (1,0) supergravities

2020 ◽  
Vol 476 (2240) ◽  
pp. 20200115
Author(s):  
Yi Pang ◽  
Ergin Sezgin
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Symmetry Group ◽  
Gauge Groups ◽  
Consistency Conditions ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Tensor Multiplet ◽  
Local Anomalies ◽  
R Symmetry

R -symmetry gauged 6 D  (1, 0) supergravities free from all local anomalies, with gauge groups G  ×  G R where G R is the R-symmetry group and G is semisimple with rank greater than one, and which have no hypermultiplet singlets, are extremely rare. There are three such models known in which the gauge symmetry group is G 1  ×  G 2  ×  U (1) R , where the first two factors are ( E 6 / Z 3 ) × E 7 , G 2  ×  E 7 and F 4  ×  Sp (9). These are models with single tensor multiplet, and hyperfermions in the (1, 912), (14, 56) and (52, 18) dimensional representations of G 1  ×  G 2 , respectively. So far, it is not known if these models follow from string theory. We highlight key properties of these theories, and examine constraints which arise from the consistency of the quantization of anomaly coefficients formulated in their strongest form by Monnier and Moore. Assuming that the gauged models accommodate dyonic string excitations, we find that these constraints are satisfied only by the model with the F 4  ×  Sp (9) ×  U (1) R symmetry. We also discuss aspects of dyonic strings and potential caveats they may pose in applying the stated consistency conditions to the R -symmetry gauged models.

Particle physics II

Quantum 20/20 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 351-372
Author(s):  
Ian R. Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Group ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Massive Particle ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Proton Proton ◽  
Proton Structure ◽  
Quantum Gauge Theory ◽  
Vector Bosons

Quantum chromodynamics the quantum gauge theory of strong interactions is presented: SU(3) being the (colour) symmetry group. The colour content of strongly interacting particles is described. Gluons, the field particles, carry colour so that they mutually interact – unlike photons. Renormalization leads to the coupling strength declining at large four momentum transfer squared q 2 and to binding of quarks in hadrons at small q 2. The cutoff in the range of the strong interaction is shown to be due to this low q 2 behaviour, despite the gluon being massless. In high energy interactions, say proton-proton collisions, the initial process is a hard (high q 2) parton+parton to parton+parton process. After which the partons undergo softer interactions leading finally to emergent hardrons. Experiments at DESY probing proton structure with electrons are described. An account of electroweak unification completes the book. The weak interaction symmetry group is SUL(2), L specifying handedness. This makes the electroweak symmetry U(1)⊗SUL(2). The weak force carriers, W± and Z0, are massive, which is at odds with the massless carriers required by quantum gauge theories. How the BEH mechanism resolves this problem is described. It involves spontaneous symmetry breaking of the vacuum with scalar fields. The outcome are massive gauge field particles to match the W± and Z0 trio, a massless photon, and a scalar field with a massive particle, the Higgs boson. The experimental programmes that discovered the vector bosons in 1983 and the Higgs in 2012 are described, including features of generic detectors. Finally puzzles revealed by our current understanding are outlined.

An Alternative Approach to the Electric Charge Quantization with Non-global Potentials

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabricio Augusto Barone Rangel ◽  
Giancarlo Thales Camilo da Silva ◽  
José Abdalla Helayël-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Electric Charge ◽  
Charge Quantization ◽  
Alternative Approach
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