scholarly journals Variation of the fine-structure constant caused by expansion of the Universe

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (38) ◽  
pp. 1950315
Author(s):  
Ivan A. Cardenas ◽  
Anton A. Lipovka
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Riemannian Manifold ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Experimental Limit ◽  
Planck Constant ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Em Field ◽  
The Universe

In this paper, we evaluate the fine-structure constant variation that should take place as the pseudo-Riemannian Universe expands and its curvature is changed adiabatically. Such variation of the fine-structure constant is attributed to an energy loss by an extended physical system (consisting of baryonic component and electromagnetic (EM) field) due to expansion of our Universe. Obtained ratio [Formula: see text] (per second) is only five times smaller than actually reported experimental limit on this value. For this reason, the obtained variation can probably be measured within a couple of years. To argue the correctness of our approach, we calculate the Planck constant as adiabatic invariant of the EM field propagated on the pseudo-Riemannian manifold characterized by slowly varied geometry. Finally, we discuss the double clock experiment based on Al[Formula: see text] and Hg[Formula: see text] clocks carried out by Rosenband et al. (Science 2008). We show that in this case (when the fine-structure constant is changed adiabatically), the method based on double clock experiment cannot be applied to measure the fine-structure constant variation.

scholarly journals New Limit on Space-Time Variations in the Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio from Analysis of Quasar J110325-264515 Spectra

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
T. D. Le
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Quasar Spectra ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Universe

Astrophysical tests of current values for dimensionless constants known on Earth, such as the fine-structure constant, α , and proton-to-electron mass ratio, μ = m p / m e , are communicated using data from high-resolution quasar spectra in different regions or epochs of the universe. The symmetry wavelengths of [Fe II] lines from redshifted quasar spectra of J110325-264515 and their corresponding values in the laboratory were combined to find a new limit on space-time variations in the proton-to-electron mass ratio, ∆ μ / μ = ( 0.096 ± 0.182 ) × 10 − 7 . The results show how the indicated astrophysical observations can further improve the accuracy and space-time variations of physics constants.

scholarly journals Four direct measurements of the fine-structure constant 13 billion years ago

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (17) ◽  
pp. eaay9672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Wilczynska ◽  
John K. Webb ◽  
Matthew Bainbridge ◽  
John D. Barrow ◽  
Sarah E. I. Bosman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Temporal Change ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Very Large Telescope ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
The Universe

Observations of the redshift z = 7.085 quasar J1120+0641 are used to search for variations of the fine structure constant, a, over the redshift range 5:5 to 7:1. Observations at z = 7:1 probe the physics of the universe at only 0.8 billion years old. These are the most distant direct measurements of a to date and the first measurements using a near-IR spectrograph. A new AI analysis method is employed. Four measurements from the x-shooter spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope (VLT) constrain changes in a relative to the terrestrial value (α0). The weighted mean electromagnetic force in this location in the universe deviates from the terrestrial value by Δα/α = (αz − α0)/α0 = (−2:18 ± 7:27) × 10−5, consistent with no temporal change. Combining these measurements with existing data, we find a spatial variation is preferred over a no-variation model at the 3:9σ level.

scholarly journals Variation of the fundamental constants over the cosmological time: veracity of Dirac’s intriguing hypothesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio Nassif ◽  
A.C. Amaro de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Cosmological Time ◽  
Age Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

We investigate how the universal constants, including the fine structure constant, have varied since the early universe close to the Planck energy scale (EP ∼ 1019 GeV) and, thus, how they have evolved over the cosmological time related to the temperature of the expanding universe. According to a previous paper (Nassif and Amaro de Faria, Jr. Phys. Rev. D, 86, 027703 (2012). doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.86.027703), we have shown that the speed of light was much higher close to the Planck scale. In the present work, we will go further, first by showing that both the Planck constant and the electron charge were also too large in the early universe. However, we conclude that the fine structure constant (α ≅ 1/137) has remained invariant with the age and temperature of the universe, which is in agreement with laboratory tests and some observational data. Furthermore, we will obtain the divergence of the electron (or proton) mass and also the gravitational constant (G) at the Planck scale. Thus, we will be able to verify the veracity of Dirac’s belief about the existence of “coincidences” between dimensionless ratios of subatomic and cosmological quantities, leading to a variation of G with time, that is, the ratio of the electrostatic to gravitational forces between an electron and a proton (∼1041) is roughly equal to the age of the universe divided by an elementary time constant, so that the strength of gravity, as determined by G, must vary inversely with time in the approximation of lower temperature or for times very far from the early period, to compensate for the time-variation of the Hubble parameter (H ∼ t−1). In short, we will show the validity of Dirac’s hypothesis only for times very far from the early period or T ≪ TP (∼1032 K).

scholarly journals Elucidating the Nature of the Fine Structure Constant and Indicating the Existence of an Unknown Angular Momentum

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Koshun Suto
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Physical Constant ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Relativistic Energy ◽  
Planck Constant ◽  
Virtual Particle

In this paper, the author searches for a formula different from the existing formula in order to elucidate the nature of the fine structure constant a. The relativistic energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom is expressed as E_re,n and the momentum corresponding to that energy is taken to be P_re,n. Also, P_p,n is assumed to be the momentum of a photon emitted when an electron that has been stationary in free space transitions to the inside of a hydrogen atom. When n=1, the ratio of P_re,1 and P_p,1 matches with a. That is, P_p,1/Pre,1=a Also, the formula for the energy of a photon is E=hv. However, this formula has no constant of proportionality. If one wishes to claim that the energy of a photon varies in proportion to the photon's frequency, then a formula containing a constant of proportionality is necessary. Thus, this paper predicts that, in the natural world, there is a minimum unit of angular momentum h_vp smaller than the Planck constant. (The vp in h_vp stands for “virtual particle.”)If this physical constant is introduced, then the formula for the energy of the photon can be written as E=h_vp v/a. If h_vp exists, a formula can also be obtained which helps to elucidate the nature of the fine structure constant.

scholarly journals Modeling the electron orbital in transition subatomic structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivantsov
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Muonium Atom ◽  
Electronic Distribution ◽  
Special Approach ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Transition Electron ◽  
Central Forces

Abstract As part of the well-known task about a motion of charged particle in central forces field, a certain parallelism for electronic distribution between the atomic and subatomic ''orbits'' can be established.In this conjuncture the ground state of muonium atom as in transition electron-nuclear structure is highlighted. Moreover, there is specifically nuclear solution of fine-structure constant which with a hyper-fine structure, like of the Lamb shift of hydrogen atom, is unambiguously associated.Such a special approach, in the terms of electric interaction, may serve as an extension to the existing meson-boson classification.In particular, some idea about a versatility of the Higgs mechanism in nuclear reactions put forward for consideration here.But it would be just spatial abstraction, where subatomic matter expands as into infinity. And what would be beyond the edge of the universe?

scholarly journals Strong limit on the spatial and temporal variations of the fine-structure constant

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (S308) ◽  
pp. 628-630
Author(s):  
T. D. Le
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variations ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Strong Limit ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe

AbstractObserved spectra of quasars provide a powerful tool to test the possible spatial and temporal variations of the fine-structure constant α = e2/ћc over the history of the Universe. It is demonstrated that high sensitivity to the variation of α can be obtained from a comparison of the spectra of quasars and laboratories. We reported a new constraint on the variation of the fine-structure constant based on the analysis of the optical spectra of the fine-structure transitions in [NeIII], [NeV], [OIII], [OI] and [SII] multiplets from 14 Seyfert 1.5 galaxies. The weighted mean value of the α-variation derived from our analysis over the redshift range 0.035 < z < 0.281 Δα/α= (4.50 ± 5.53) \times 10-5. This result presents strong limit improvements on the constraint on Δα/α compared to the published in the literature

THE LIGHT SPEED AND THE INTERPLAY OF THE QUANTUM VACUUM, THE GRAVITATION OF ALL THE UNIVERSE AND THE FOURTH HEISENBERG RELATION

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (09) ◽  
pp. 1755-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIO F. RAÑADA
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Quantum Vacuum ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Anomalous Acceleration ◽  
Heisenberg Relation ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Observational Signature ◽  
Pioneer 10

A recently proposed model which accounts for the observed time dependence of the fine structure constant is summarized. The model is based on the combined effect of the fourth Heisenberg relation and the gravitation of all the expanding universe on the quantum vacuum. As is shown here, it predicts that the light must have now an acceleration close to H0c≃6.9×10-10 m/s2. This suggests an explanation of the anomalous acceleration aP≃8.5×10-10 m/s2 found in the Pioneer 10 spacecraft, because an acceleration of light has the same radio observational signature as an acceleration of the ship.

POSSIBLE LINK BETWEEN THE CHANGING FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT AND THE ACCELERATING UNIVERSE VIA SCALAR-TENSOR THEORY

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (07) ◽  
pp. 1137-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
YASUNORI FUJII
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Accelerating Universe ◽  
Scalar Tensor Theory ◽  
Tensor Theory ◽  
Acceleration Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

In 1976, Shlyakhter showed that the Sm data from Oklo results in the upper bound on the time-variability of the fine-structure constant: [Formula: see text], which has ever been the most stringent bound. Since the details have never been published, however, we recently re-analyzed the latest data according to Shlyakhter's recipe. We nearly re-confirmed his results. To be more precise, however, the Sm data gives either an upper-bound or an evidence for a changing [Formula: see text]. A remark is made to a similar re-analysis due to Damour and Dyson. We also compare our result with a recent "evidence" due to Webb et al, obtained from distant QSO's. We point out a possible connection between this time-dependence and the behavior of a scalar field supposed to be responsible for the acceleration of the universe, also revealed recently.

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