The effect of a new route on the microstructure and property of 6063 alloy during the ECAP deformation

The microstructures and hardness of 6063 Al alloy subjected to different ECAP route (Bc and the new route) were investigated. These two routes have different rotation scheme of a sample around its long axis between two consecutive ECAP passes: Bc route, by which sample were rotated in the same direction by 90°; the new route, by which sample were rotated in the same direction by 135°. The feature microstructures of the samples subjected to the two routes were investigated by the optical microscopy (OM) and transition electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. In comparison, the pressing by the new route produces more homogeneous microstructure with the higher fraction of high angle boundaries. Furthermore, the hardness results showed that work hardening can be observed and do not depend much on the ECAP route. However, distribution of hardness in cross-sections of samples revealed that processing to total passes number of eight by the new route improves deformation uniformity.

Modeling the electron orbital in transition subatomic structure

As part of the well-known task about a motion of charged particle in central forces field, a certain parallelism for electronic distribution between the atomic and subatomic ''orbits'' can be established.In this conjuncture the ground state of muonium atom as in transition electron-nuclear structure is highlighted. Moreover, there is specifically nuclear solution of fine-structure constant which with a hyper-fine structure, like of the Lamb shift of hydrogen atom, is unambiguously associated.Such a special approach, in the terms of electric interaction, may serve as an extension to the existing meson-boson classification.In particular, some idea about a versatility of the Higgs mechanism in nuclear reactions put forward for consideration here.But it would be just spatial abstraction, where subatomic matter expands as into infinity. And what would be beyond the edge of the universe?

Surfactant-Free Colloidal Strategies for Highly Dispersed and Active Supported IrO2 Catalysts: Synthesis and Performance Evaluation for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Supported Ir oxide catalysts obtained from surfactant-free colloidal Ir nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized in alkaline methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), and ethylene glycol (EG) are investigated and compared. The comparison of independent techniques such as transition electron microscopy (TEM), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and electrochemistry allows shedding light on the parameters that affect the dispersion of the active phase as well as the catalytic activity. The colloidal dispersions obtained are suitable to develop supported catalysts with little NP agglomeration on a carbon support leading to highly active catalysts with more than 400 A g^-1_Ir reached at 1.5 V_RHE for the OER. While the more common surfactant-free alkaline EG synthesis requires flocculation and re-dispersion leading to Ir loss, the main difference between methanol and ethanol as solvent is related to the dispersibility of the support material. The choice of the suitable monoalcohol determines the maximum achieved Ir loading on the support without detrimental particle agglomeration. This simple consideration on catalyst design can readily lead to significantly improved catalysts.

Surfactant-Free Colloidal Strategies for Highly Dispersed and Active Supported IrO2 Catalysts: Synthesis and Performance Evaluation for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Supported Ir oxide catalysts obtained from surfactant-free colloidal Ir nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized in alkaline methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), and ethylene glycol (EG) are investigated and compared. The comparison of independent techniques such as transition electron microscopy (TEM), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and electrochemistry allows shedding light on the parameters that affect the dispersion of the active phase as well as the catalytic activity. The colloidal dispersions obtained are suitable to develop supported catalysts with little NP agglomeration on a carbon support leading to highly active catalysts with more than 400 A g^-1_Ir reached at 1.5 V_RHE for the OER. While the more common surfactant-free alkaline EG synthesis requires flocculation and re-dispersion leading to Ir loss, the main difference between methanol and ethanol as solvent is related to the dispersibility of the support material. The choice of the suitable monoalcohol determines the maximum achieved Ir loading on the support without detrimental particle agglomeration. This simple consideration on catalyst design can readily lead to significantly improved catalysts.

Sequential conversion from line defects to atomic clusters in monolayer WS2

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD), which is composed of a transition metal atom and chalcogen ion atoms, usually form vacancies based on the knock-on threshold of each atom. In particular, when electron beam is irradiated on a monolayer TMD such as MoS2 and WS2, S vacancies are formed preferentially, and they are aligned linearly to constitute line defects. And then, a hole is formed at the point where the successively formed line defects collide, and metal clusters are also formed at the edge of the hole. This study reports a process in which the line defects formed in a monolayer WS2 sheet expends into holes. Here, the process in which the W cluster, which always occurs at the edge of the formed hole, goes through a uniform intermediate phase is explained based on the line defects and the formation behavior of the hole. Further investigation confirms the atomic structure of the intermediate phase using annular dark field scanning transition electron microscopy (ADF-STEM) and image simulation.

The field meaning of wave function

Although this paper is the inheritance and development of Copenhagen quantum mechanics theory, it is a brand-new theory, because although quantum mechanics has achieved great success, its physical significance still needs to be explored. In this paper, the concept of generalized field and generalized quantity is introduced. From the behavior of generalized field in potential well, the conclusion that generalized field exists with energy in the form of standing wave in potential well is obtained. In this paper, only one physical model is used: "the generalized field forms wave, which is wave function". With a basic assumption of mvλ=h , the Einstein de Broglie relation is derived, and the wave function has the meaning of generalized field. Every conclusion given in this paper has clear and obvious physical significance, which makes quantum mechanical problems simple and clear. At the same time, the new atom model is established, and the problems of electron transition, electron spin, electron emission and absorption are discussed.

Post-synthesis Tellurium Doping Induced Mirror Twin Boundaries in Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide

Mirror twin boundaries (MTBs) have brought intriguing one-dimensional physics into the host 2D crystal. In this letter, we reported a chalcogen atom exchange route to induce MTBs into as-formed MoS2 monolayers via post-synthesis tellurium doping. Results from annular dark-field scanning transition electron microscope (ADF-STEM) characterizations revealed that tellurium substituted the sulfur sublattices of MoS2 preferentially around the edge areas. A large number of MTBs in a configuration of 4|4P-Te was induced therein. Analysis of the lattice structures around MTBs revealed that such a tellurium-substitution-induced MTB formation is an energy-favored process to reduce the strain upon a high ratio of tellurium doping.

Spectroscopy and Conductivity Studies of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/Polypyrrol (Ppy) Nanocomposite with Various Chloride Metals to Improved Properties of the Polymers

Polyvinyl alcohol- polypyrrole (PVA-PPy) nanocomposites with metal chlorides (FeCl3, NiCl2, CuCl2 and ZnCl2) have been synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization method. These synthesized nanocomposites are characterized by using FTIR, X-ray diffraction, Transition electron microscope (TEM) and Conductivity measurement. TEM exhibit that all of the composites have uniform sizes and morphologies. The diameter of PVA/PPy nanocompsite is 58nm when the metals added to the PVA/PPy the diameters becomes smaller. The variation of electrical conductivity (log ?) with 1000/T for PVA/PPy nanocomposite with metal chlorides revealed that the increase in conductivity s at temperature (393K) with added metals can be attributed to the creation of induced charge carriers in PVA/PPy matrix

Pt/C and Pt/SnOx/C Catalysts for Ethanol Electrooxidation: Rotating Disk Electrode Study

Pt/C and Pt/SnOx/C catalysts were synthesized using the polyol method. Their structure, morphology and chemical composition were studied using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, transition electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope. Electrochemical measurements were based on the results of rotating disk electrode (RDE) experiments applied to ethanol electrooxidation. The quick evaluation of catalyst activity, electrochemical behavior, and an average number of transferred electrons were made using the RDE technique. The usage of SnOx (through the carbon support modification) in a binary system together with Pt causes a significant increase of the catalyst activity in ethanol oxidation reaction and the utilization of ethanol.

Shear Stress Induced Fabrication of Dandelion-Shaped Lanthanide Phosphate Nanoparticles

Lanthanide phosphate nanoparticles were co-precipitated under continuous flow in a vortex fluidic device in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) of different molecular weights and at varying rotational speeds and tilt angles. Dandelion-shaped lanthanide phosphate particles were produced at rotation speeds of 5000 rpm and 7000 rpm. In contrast, individual rods formed at 9000 rpm. Transition electron microscope images reveal changes in morphology of the dandelion-shaped nanoparticles with changes in the chain length of PVP or tilt angle of the tube of the vortex fluidic device. These morphological changes are likely to arise from different wrapping and aggregation of the nanoparticles induced by the PVP polymer under shear.