scholarly journals HOPF MAP AND QUANTIZATION ON SPHERE

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (38) ◽  
pp. 2649-2655 ◽  
Author(s):  
HITOSHI IKEMORI ◽  
SHINSAKU KITAKADO ◽  
HIDEHARU OTSU ◽  
TOSHIRO SATO

Quantization of a system constrained to move on a sphere is considered by taking a square root of the "on sphere condition". We arrive at the fiber bundle structure of the Hopf map in S2 and S4. This leads to more geometrical understanding of monopole and instanton gauge structures that emerge in the course of quantization.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
Gudrun Kalmbach H.E.

The Planck and other natural numbers are used for units of forces. They arise also as weights of Gleason operators, defined by 3-dimensional spin-like base triples GF and their weigths. The spin lengths are the spin GF weights for instance. The measuring GF operator triples arise by projective duality from 1-dimensional force vectors in projective to R5 extended Hilbert space H4. Color charges are set as a separate force, using a G-compass (figure 2). For the universes evolution after a big bang several maps are introduced, mostly belonging to the gravity field quantum rgb-graviton. It presents the neutral color charge of nucleons. Orthogonal projections of H4, also in spiralic and angular form, central or stereographic projective maps belong to them. They project also the S³ factor of the strong interation geometry S³xS5 down to the SU(2) geometry S³ of the Hopf map. Fiber bundle maps are added also to S5 with the same fiber S1 to the base space CP² for nucleons and atomic kernels. In octonian coordinates, listed by indices, 01234567, there are three projections from the energy space 123456 of SI to complex quaternionic 2x2-matrix presentations of spacetime 1234, of CP² as 3456 and of GR with mass and rgb-gravitons 1256. GR and CP² are projected into 1234 as the universes spacetime, observable as bubbles for atoms and matter 3456 and GR potentials and actions about and for mass carrying systems 1256.


2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (38) ◽  
pp. 2421-2429 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALFREDO MACÍAS ◽  
ENRIQUE LOZANO

We consider five-dimensional theory of gravity proposed recently by Chamseddine. It is based on the Chern–Simons five-form and the SO(1,5) gauge group. The action naturally contains a Gauss–Bonnet term, an Einstein term and a cosmological constant. We shall see that by imposing to this action the five-dimensional principal fiber bundle structure and the toroidal dimensional reduction process, the resulting U(1) gauge theory contains non-minimal couplings to gravity and nonlinear modifications to the standard Einstein–Maxwell–dilaton theory.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Qi Yan ◽  
Tao Geng ◽  
Hang Jiang ◽  
Chuang Zhao ◽  
Ying-Hua Zhang ◽  
...  

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1894
Author(s):  
Sascha Dietrich ◽  
Olga Lykhachova ◽  
Xiaoyin Cheng ◽  
Michael Godehardt ◽  
Markus Kronenberger ◽  
...  

Simulation-based prediction of mechanical properties is highly desirable for optimal choice and treatment of leather. Nowadays, this is state-of-the-art for many man-made materials. For the natural material leather, this task is however much more demanding due to the leather’s high variability and its extremely intricate structure. Here, essential geometric features of the leather’s meso-scale are derived from 3D images obtained by micro-computed tomography and subsumed in a parameterizable structural model. That is, the fiber-bundle structure is modeled. The structure model is combined with bundle properties derived from tensile tests. Then the effective leather visco-elastic properties are simulated numerically in the finite element representation of the bundle structure model with sliding contacts between bundles. The simulation results are validated experimentally for two animal types, several tanning procedures, and varying sample positions within the hide. Finally, a complete workflow for assessing leather quality by multi-scale simulation of elastic and visco-elastic properties is established and validated.


Nonlinearity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 4202-4245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap Eldering ◽  
Matthew Kvalheim ◽  
Shai Revzen

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