scholarly journals Recent Developments in Quantum Vacuum Energy for Confined Fields

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4628-4637 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. MILTON
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Energy Parameter ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Quantum Vacuum ◽  
Zero Point Energy ◽  
Point Energy ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Hadronic Physics ◽  
Recent Developments

Quantum vacuum energy entered hadronic physics through the zero-point energy parameter introduced into the bag model. Estimates of this parameter led to apparent discordance with phenomenological fits. More serious were divergences which were omitted in an ad hoc manner. New developments in understanding Casimir self-stresses, and the nature of surface divergences, promise to render the situation clearcut.

Dark energy and dark matter as due to zero point energy

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
BO LEHNERT
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Vacuum Energy Density ◽  
Zero Point Energy ◽  
Observable Universe ◽  
Point Energy

AbstractAn attempt is made to explain dark energy and dark matter of the expanding universe in terms of the zero point vacuum energy. This analysis is mainly limited to later stages of an observable nearly flat universe. It is based on a revised formulation of the spectral distribution of the zero point energy, for an ensemble in a defined statistical equilibrium having finite total energy density. The steady and dynamic states are studied for a spherical cloud of zero point energy photons. The ‘antigravitational’ force due to its pressure gradient then represents dark energy, and its gravitational force due to the energy density represents dark matter. Four fundamental results come out of the theory. First, the lack of emitted radiation becomes reconcilable with the concepts of dark energy and dark matter. Second, the crucial coincidence problem of equal orders of magnitude of mass density and vacuum energy density cannot be explained by the cosmological constant, but is resolved by the present variable concepts, which originate from the same photon gas balance. Third, the present approach becomes reconcilable with cosmical dimensions and with the radius of the observable universe. Fourth, the deduced acceleration of the expansion agrees with the observed one. In addition, mass polarity of a generalized gravitation law for matter and antimatter is proposed as a source of dark flow.

scholarly journals VACUUM ENERGY: MYTHS AND REALITY

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1987-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. VOLOVIK
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Casimir Effect ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Ultraviolet Divergence ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Zero Point Energy ◽  
Point Energy ◽  
Absolute Value

We discuss the main myths related to the vacuum energy and cosmological constant, such as: "unbearable lightness of space–time"; the dominating contribution of zero-point energy of quantum fields to the vacuum energy; non-zero vacuum energy of the false vacuum; dependence of the vacuum energy on the overall shift of energy; the absolute value of energy only has significance for gravity; the vacuum energy depends on the vacuum content; cosmological constant changes after the phase transition; zero-point energy of the vacuum between the plates in Casimir effect must gravitate, that is why the zero-point energy in the vacuum outside the plates must also gravitate; etc. All these and some other conjectures appear to be wrong when one considers the thermodynamics of the ground state of the quantum many-body system, which mimics macroscopic thermodynamics of quantum vacuum. In particular, in spite of the ultraviolet divergence of the zero-point energy, the natural value of the vacuum energy is comparable with the observed dark energy. That is why the vacuum energy is the plausible candidate for the dark energy.

scholarly journals Extreme Properties, variances and the behavior of the Universe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.H.K. Geerasee Wijesuriya
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Vacuum State ◽  
Quantum Vacuum ◽  
Point Energy ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
Accelerating Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Energy Quantum ◽  
The Universe

At this moment, scientists don’t have any significant explanation to explain ‘why there are much matter particles than anti-matter particles’ in the universe. But with this research, it is going to provide an explanation for that.An attempt of this research is to provide detailed innovative arguments regarding the real nature of supermassive black holes also. Here this is intending to explain why, the contribution to the accelerating expansion of the universe by the quantum vacuum is much bit than the contribution by other matters in the universe.Scientists have confused on why the energy of the zero-point energy (quantum vacuum) state, does not contribute to the cosmological vacuum energy (cosmological constant) much. The goal of this research is to investigate a solution to that particular problem also. This will explain why there is a difference between the observed energy of a satellite and the theoretically calculated energy of a satellite, which is orbiting around the Earth. This research will argue regarding whether dark matter is responsible for differences in observed and theoretical speed of stars revolving around the center of Galaxies.

scholarly journals An investigation into the existence of zero-point energy in the Rock-Salt Lattice by an X-Ray Diffraction Method

1928 ◽  
Vol 118 (779) ◽  
pp. 334-350 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Salt ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Temperature Factor ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Zero Point Energy ◽  
Chlorine Atoms ◽  
Point Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
State Of Rest

In the present paper we shall attempt to collate the results of four separate lines of research which, taken together, appear to provide some interesting checks between theory and experiment. The investigations to be considered are (1) the discussion by Waller* and by Wentzel,† on the basis of the quantum (wave) mechanics, of the scattering of radiation by an atom ; (2) the calculation by Hartree of the Schrödinger distribution of charge in the atoms of chlorine and sodium ; (3) the measurements of James and Miss Firth‡ of the scattering power of the sodium and chlorine atoms in the rock-salt crystal for X-rays at a series of temperatures extending as low as the temperature of liquid air ; and (4) the theoretical discussion of the temperature factor of X-ray reflexion by Debye§ and by Waller.∥ Application of the laws of scattering to the distribution of charge calculated for the sodium and chlorine atoms, enables us to calculate the coherent atomic scattering for X-radiation, as a function of the angle of scattering and of the wave-length, for these atoms in a state of rest, assuming that the frequency of the X-radiation is higher than, and not too near the frequency of the K - absorption edge for the atom.¶ From the observed scattering power at the temperature of liquid air, and from the measured value of the temperature factor, we can, by applying the theory of the temperature effect, calculate the scattering power at the absolute zero, or rather for the atom reduced to a state of rest. The extrapolation to a state of rest will differ according to whether we assume the existence or absence of zero point energy in the crystal lattice. Hence we may hope, in the first place to test the agreement between the observed scattering power and that calculated from the atomic model, and in the second place to see whether the experimental results indicate the presence of zero-point energy or no.

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