FABRICATION OF MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETOR BASED ON PLANAR WAVEGUIDE FOR THE APPLICATION OF BIOSENSORS

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 1891-1896 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUN-HYONG KIM ◽  
HOE-YOUNG YANG ◽  
HYUN-YONG LEE
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Planar Waveguide ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Design Rule ◽  
Integrated Optical ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Planar Lightwave

In this paper, designed and simulated Power Splitter (PS) integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based planar waveguide devices (which is called here a PS-MZI). Moreover, we fabricated optical waveguide based on the PS-MZI for application to the biosensor. The integrated optical structure is sensitive to refractive index change induced due to the interaction of the evanescent field with an immobilized biological sample placed on one of the two arms of the interferometer. The PS-MZI sensor was preceded by a Y -junction, which splits the input power between the sensor and a reference branch to minimize the effect of optical power variations. The waveguide were optimized at a wavelength of 1550 nm and fabricated according to the design rule of 0.45 delta%, which is the difference of refractive index between the core and clad. The fabrication of PS-MZI optical waveguides was performed by a conventional planar lightwave circuit (PLC) fabrication process. The PS-MZI optical waveguides were measured of the optical characteristics for the application of biosensors.

Refractive Index Profiles of High Dose Ti Implanted Optical Waveguides in LiNbO3

1989 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bremer ◽  
P.R. Ashley ◽  
R. Irmscher ◽  
Ch. Buchal
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Solubility Limit ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Index Change ◽  
Single Crystalline ◽  
Subsequent Processing ◽  
Extraordinary Refractive Index

ABSTRACTSingle crystalline substrates of LiNb03 have been implanted with 48Ti ions at 200 keV and doses up to 4 × 1017 cm−2. The implants have been performed at wafer temperatures of 77 K, 300 K and 620 K. Immediate subsequent processing at 1273 K in wet oxygen ambient led to good epitaxial regrowth at all doses, if sufficient time was allowed. The maximum observed extraordinary refractive index change after regrowth Δne=0.04, indicating a solubility limit of 3.3×l021 Ti cm−3 corresponding to 18 % of Nb5+ replaced by Ti4+.

scholarly journals Balanced Gain-and-Loss Optical Waveguides: Exact Solutions for Guided Modes in Susy-QM

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1583
Author(s):  
Sara Cruz y Cruz ◽  
Alejandro Romero-Osnaya ◽  
Oscar Rosas-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Point Spectrum ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Exactly Solvable ◽  
Gain And Loss ◽  
Time Invariant ◽  
Complex Valued

The construction of exactly solvable refractive indices allowing guided TE modes in optical waveguides is investigated within the formalism of Darboux–Crum transformations. We apply the finite-difference algorithm for higher-order supersymmetric quantum mechanics to obtain complex-valued refractive indices admitting all-real eigenvalues in their point spectrum. The new refractive indices are such that their imaginary part gives zero if it is integrated over the entire domain of definition. This property, called condition of zero total area, ensures the conservation of optical power so the refractive index shows balanced gain and loss. Consequently, the complex-valued refractive indices reported in this work include but are not limited to the parity-time invariant case.

scholarly journals Photothermal Effect in Plasmonic Nanotip for LSPR Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shemyal Nisar ◽  
Siyu Kang ◽  
Xiangwei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Photothermal Effect ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Scale Temperature

The influence of heat generation on the conventional process of LSPR based sensing has not been explored thus far. Therefore, a need exists to draw attention toward the heat generation issue during LSPR sensing as it may affect the refractive index of the analyte, leading to incorrect sensory conclusions. This manuscript addresses the connection between the photo-thermal effect and LSPR. We numerically analyzed the heat performance of a gold cladded nanotip. The numerical results predict a change in the micro-scale temperature in the microenvironment near the nanotip. These numerical results predict a temperature increase of more than 20 K near the apex of the nanotip, which depends on numerous factors including the input optical power and the diameter of the fiber. We analytically show that this change in the temperature influences a change in the refractive index of the microenvironment in the vicinity of the nanotip. In accordance with our numerical and analytical findings, we experimentally show an LSPR shift induced by a change in the input power of the source. We believe that our work will bring the importance of temperature dependence in nanotip based LSPR sensing to the fore.

The Effect of Laser Heating on Optical Properties of Germania Doped Silica Optical Waveguides

1986 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Starr ◽  
N. Nourshargh ◽  
J. S. McCormack
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Laser Heating ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Xps Analysis ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Silica Films ◽  
Index Change ◽  
Uv Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Integrated Optical

ABSTRACTWe report the use of CO2 laser heating for inducing an increase in the refractive index of germania doped silica films. UV absorption spectroscopy and XPS analysis have confirmed that the index change is a result of GeO2 being reduced to GeO. The technique has been successfully used for the direct writing of integrated optical strip waveguides.

scholarly journals Nonlinear refractive index of erbium-doped Y_2O_3 integrated-optical waveguides

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Hoekstra ◽  
B. J. Offrein ◽  
P. V. Lambeck ◽  
Th. J. A. Popma
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Nonlinear Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Integrated Optical ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
Integrated Optical Waveguides
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