scholarly journals Matter may matter

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1442016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Haghani ◽  
Tiberiu Harko ◽  
Hamid Reza Sepangi ◽  
Shahab Shahidi
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Ricci Tensor ◽  
Energy Momentum Tensor ◽  
Gravitational Theory ◽  
Momentum Tensor ◽  
Local Perturbations ◽  
Effective Lagrangian ◽  
Acceleration Of The Universe ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Matter Energy

We propose a gravitational theory in which the effective Lagrangian of the gravitational field is given by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar, the trace of the matter energy–momentum tensor, and the contraction of the Ricci tensor with the matter energy–momentum tensor. The matter energy–momentum tensor is generally not conserved, thus leading to the appearance of an extra-force, acting on massive particles in a gravitational field. The stability conditions of the theory with respect to local perturbations are also obtained. The cosmological implications of the theory are investigated, representing an exponential solution. Hence, a Ricci tensor–energy–momentum tensor coupling may explain the recent acceleration of the universe, without resorting to the mysterious dark energy.

NONLINEAR NONLOCAL THEORY OF GRAVITY

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 807-812
Author(s):  
M. NOVELLO ◽  
V. A. DE LORENCI
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Energy Momentum Tensor ◽  
Nonlocal Theory ◽  
Momentum Tensor ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
Strong Gravitational Fields ◽  
Matter Energy ◽  
Weak Gravity ◽  
Standard Tests

Deser and Laurent (1968) explored an alternative linear theory for spin-two field using a nonlocal divergence-free projection operator on the matter energy-momentum tensor. Here, we extend this theory by including nonlinearity of the gravitational field. We show that such extended model satisfy the four standard tests of weak gravity. The consequences for strong gravitational fields are under examination.

scholarly journals Quadratic Gravity, Double Layers and Non-Conservative Energy-Momentum Tensor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Berezin ◽  
Vyacheslav Dokuchaev ◽  
Yury Eroshenko ◽  
Alexey Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Energy Momentum Tensor ◽  
Momentum Tensor ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Gravitational Field Equation ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Quadratic Gravity ◽  
Conservative Condition ◽  
Matter Energy

In the present paper we investigate the conservative conditions in Quadratic Gravity. It is shown explicitly that the Bianchi identities lead to the conservative condition of the left-hand-side of the (gravitational) field equation. Therefore, the total energy-momentum tensor is conservative in the bulk (like in General Relativity). However, in Quadratic Gravity it is possible to have singular hupersurfaces separating the bulk regions with different behavior of the matter energy-momentum tensor or different vacua. They require special consideration. We derived the conservative conditions on such singular hypersurfaces and demonstrated the very possibility of the matter creation. In the remaining part of the paper we considered some applications illustrating the obtained results.

On a non-symmetric theory of the pure gravitational field

1958 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Sciama
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Energy Momentum Tensor ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Symmetric Tensor ◽  
Momentum Tensor ◽  
Unified Field Theory ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Metric Tensor ◽  
Unified Field

ABSTRACTIt is suggested, on heuristic grounds, that the energy-momentum tensor of a material field with non-zero spin and non-zero rest-mass should be non-symmetric. The usual relationship between energy-momentum tensor and gravitational potential then implies that the latter should also be a non-symmetric tensor. This suggestion has nothing to do with unified field theory; it is concerned with the pure gravitational field.A theory of gravitation based on a non-symmetric potential is developed. Field equations are derived, and a study is made of Rosenfeld identities, Bianchi identities, angular momentum and the equations of motion of test particles. These latter equations represent the geodesics of a Riemannian space whose contravariant metric tensor is gij–, in agreement with a result of Lichnerowicz(9) on the bicharacteristics of the Einstein–Schrödinger field equations.

Impact of f(R,T) gravity in evolution of charged viscous fluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 2150027
Author(s):  
I. Noureen ◽  
Usman-ul-Haq ◽  
S. A. Mardan
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Energy Momentum Tensor ◽  
Momentum Tensor ◽  
Viscous Fluids ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Perturbation Scheme ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Dynamical Equations ◽  
Stability Of Stars ◽  
The Stability

In this work, the evolution of spherically symmetric charged anisotropic viscous fluids is discussed in framework of [Formula: see text] gravity. In order to conduct the analysis, modified Einstein Maxwell field equations are constructed. Nonzero divergence of modified energy momentum tensor is taken that implicates dynamical equations. The perturbation scheme is applied to dynamical equations for stability analysis. The stability analysis is carried out in Newtonian and post-Newtonian limits. It is observed that charge, fluid distribution, electromagnetic field, viscosity and mass of the celestial objects greatly affect the collapsing process as well as stability of stars.

scholarly journals Gödel and Gödel-type solutions in the Palatini f(R,T) gravity theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150014
Author(s):  
J. S. Gonçalves ◽  
A. F. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Trace Formula ◽  
Arbitrary Function ◽  
Critical Radius ◽  
Energy Momentum Tensor ◽  
Gravitational Theory ◽  
Momentum Tensor ◽  
Gravity Theory ◽  
Ricci Scalar ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Hilbert Action

The Palatini [Formula: see text] gravity theory is considered. The standard Einstein–Hilbert action is replaced by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar [Formula: see text] and of the trace [Formula: see text] of the energy-momentum tensor. In the Palatini approach, the Ricci scalar is a function of the metric and the connection. These two quantities, metric and connection, are taken as independent variables. Then, it is examined whether Palatini [Formula: see text] gravity theory allows solutions in which lead to violation of causality. The Gödel and Gödel-type spacetimes are considered. In addition, a critical radius, which permits to examine limits for violation of causality, is calculated. It is shown that, for different matter contents, noncausal solutions can be avoided in this Palatini gravitational theory.

scholarly journals Generalizing the coupling between geometry and matter: $$f\left( R,L_m,T\right) $$ gravity

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Haghani ◽  
Tiberiu Harko
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Energy Momentum Tensor ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Momentum Tensor ◽  
Newtonian Limit ◽  
Gravity Models ◽  
Momentum Balance ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
Generalized Poisson

AbstractWe generalize and unify the $$f\left( R,T\right) $$ f R , T and $$f\left( R,L_m\right) $$ f R , L m type gravity models by assuming that the gravitational Lagrangian is given by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar R, of the trace of the energy–momentum tensor T, and of the matter Lagrangian $$L_m$$ L m , so that $$ L_{grav}=f\left( R,L_m,T\right) $$ L grav = f R , L m , T . We obtain the gravitational field equations in the metric formalism, the equations of motion for test particles, and the energy and momentum balance equations, which follow from the covariant divergence of the energy–momentum tensor. Generally, the motion is non-geodesic, and takes place in the presence of an extra force orthogonal to the four-velocity. The Newtonian limit of the equations of motion is also investigated, and the expression of the extra acceleration is obtained for small velocities and weak gravitational fields. The generalized Poisson equation is also obtained in the Newtonian limit, and the Dolgov–Kawasaki instability is also investigated. The cosmological implications of the theory are investigated for a homogeneous, isotropic and flat Universe for two particular choices of the Lagrangian density $$f\left( R,L_m,T\right) $$ f R , L m , T of the gravitational field, with a multiplicative and additive algebraic structure in the matter couplings, respectively, and for two choices of the matter Lagrangian, by using both analytical and numerical methods.

Charged gravastars in f(R,T,RμνTμν) gravity

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150084
Author(s):  
Z. Yousaf ◽  
M. Z. Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Perfect Fluid ◽  
Energy Momentum Tensor ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Momentum Tensor ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Modified Theory

We explore the aspects of the electromagnetism on the stability of gravastar in a particular modified theory, i.e. [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is the Ricci scalar and [Formula: see text] is the trace of energy–momentum tensor. We assume a spherically symmetric static metric coupled comprising of perfect fluid in the presence of electric charge. The purpose of this paper is to extend the results of [S. Ghosh, F. Rahaman, B. K. Guha and S. Ray, Phys. Lett. B 767 (2017) 380.] to highlight the effects of [Formula: see text] gravity in the formation of charged gravastars. We demonstrated the mathematical formulation, utilizing different equations of state, for the three respective regions (i.e. inner, shell, exterior) of the gravastar. We have matched smoothly the interior de Sitter and the exterior Reissner–Nordström metric at the hypersurface. At the end we extracted few conclusions by working on the physical features of the charged gravastar, mathematically and graphically.

Study of gravitational decoupled anisotropic solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (16) ◽  
pp. 2040004
Author(s):  
M. Sharif ◽  
Sobia Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Energy Momentum Tensor ◽  
Momentum Tensor ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
Anisotropic Model ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Anisotropic Solution ◽  
Spherically Symmetric Solution ◽  
Gravitational Source ◽  
The Stability

This paper formulates the exact static anisotropic spherically symmetric solution of the field equations through gravitational decoupling. To accomplish this work, we add a new gravitational source in the energy–momentum tensor of a perfect fluid. The corresponding field equations, hydrostatic equilibrium equation as well as matching conditions are evaluated. We obtain the anisotropic model by extending the known Durgapal and Gehlot isotropic solution and examined the physical viability as well as the stability of the developed model. It is found that the system exhibits viable behavior for all fluid variables as well as energy conditions and the stability criterion is fulfilled.

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