A Stitch in Time Saves Nine: Early Improving Code-First Web Services Discoverability

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Mateos ◽  
Marco Crasso ◽  
Alejandro Zunino ◽  
José Luis Ordiales Coscia
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Real World ◽  
Service Discovery ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Web Service Discovery ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Wsdl Documents ◽  
Pattern Occurrences

Web Services represent a number of standard technologies and methodologies that allow developers to build applications under the Service-Oriented Computing paradigm. Within these, the WSDL language is used for representing Web Service interfaces, while code-first remains the de facto standard for building such interfaces. Previous studies with contract-first Web Services have shown that avoiding a specific catalog of bad WSDL specification practices, or anti-patterns, can reward Web Service publishers as service understandability and discoverability are considerably improved. In this paper, we study a number of simple and well-known code service refactorings that early reduce anti-pattern occurrences in WSDL documents. This relationship relies upon a statistical correlation between common OO metrics taken on a service's code and the anti-pattern occurrences in the generated WSDL document. We quantify the effects of the refactorings — which directly modify OO metric values and indirectly alter anti-pattern occurrences — on service discovery. All in all, we show that by applying the studied refactorings, anti-patterns are reduced and Web Service discovery is significantly improved. For the experiments, a dataset of real-world Web Services and an academic service registry have been employed.

scholarly journals A semantic web services discovery approach integrating multiple similarity measures and k-means clustering

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 1228
Author(s):  
Mourad Fariss ◽  
Naoufal El Allali ◽  
Hakima Asaidi ◽  
Mohamed Bellouki
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Semantic Web ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Service Discovery ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Similarity Measures ◽  
Web Service Discovery ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
The Web ◽  
Similarity Scores

Web service (WS) discovery is an essential task for implementing complex applications in a service oriented architecture (SOA), such as selecting, composing, and providing services. This task is limited semantically in the incorporation of the customer’s request and the web services. Furthermore, applying suitable similarity methods for the increasing number of WSs is more relevant for efficient web service discovery. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new approach for web service discovery integrating multiple similarity measures and k-means clustering. The approach enables more accurate services appropriate to the customer's request by calculating different similarity scores between the customer's request and the web services. The global semantic similarity is determined by applying k-means clustering using the obtained similarity scores. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed semantic web service discovery approach outperforms the state-of-the approaches in terms of precision (98%), recall (95%), and F-measure (96%). The proposed approach is efficiently designed to support and facilitate the selection and composition of web services phases in complex applications.

scholarly journals A Cluster-Based Web Service Discovery in MANET Environments

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon-Seok Kim ◽  
Yoo-Seok Shim ◽  
Kyong-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Service Discovery ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Heterogeneous Platforms ◽  
Web Service Discovery ◽  
Stable Clusters ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Development Paradigm

As standard technologies to implement a service-oriented architecture, Web services support interoperability between heterogeneous platforms. In the ubiquitous era, for Web services to become a universal software development paradigm, they must be able to support a MANET environment with a variety of mobile devices. In this paper, we propose an efficient method that discovers services in MANET environments, where mobile devices are free to move independently. The proposed method constructs stable clusters based on the mobility of devices. It also selects an appropriate service discovery scheme for a cluster depending on its characteristics. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms previous methods, and discovers services based on the features of a cluster.

A Survey of Approaches to Web Service Discovery in Service-Oriented Architectures

2013 ◽  
pp. 107-138
Author(s):  
Marco Crasso ◽  
Alejandro Zunino ◽  
Marcelo Campo
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Service Discovery ◽  
Service Oriented Architectures ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Web Service Discovery ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Better Than

Discovering services acquires importance as Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) becomes an adopted paradigm. SOC’s most popular materializations, namely Web Services technologies, have different challenges related to service discovery and, in turn, many approaches have been proposed. As these approaches are different, one solution may be better than another according to certain requirements. In consequence, choosing a service discovery system is a hard task. To alleviate this task, this paper proposes eight criteria, based on the requirements for discovering services within common service-oriented environments, allowing the characterization of discovery systems. These criteria cover functional and non-functional aspects of approaches to service discovery. The results of the characterization of 22 contemporary approaches and potential research directions for the area are also shown.

scholarly journals A Survey on Web Service Discovery Approaches

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Abdelghany Mosa ◽  
◽  
◽  
Ahmed Abdelaziz
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Service Discovery ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Web Service Discovery ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
The Web

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an approach to build distributed systems that deliver application functionality as services that are language and platform-independent. Web service is one of the fundamental technologies in implementing SOA based applications. Web services are modular, self-describing, self-contained and loosely coupled applications that can be published, located, and invoked across the web. As the number of web services is increased, finding a set of suitable web service candidates with regard to a user’s requirement becomes a challenge. Web service discovery is the process of finding the most suitable service by matching service descriptions against service requests. Various approaches for web service discovery have been proposed. In this paper, we present an overview of different approaches for web service discovery described in the literature and try to classify them into different categories. We also determine the advantages and disadvantages of each category. The goal is to help researchers to propose a new approach or to select the most appropriate existing approach for service discovery.

ONTOLOGY- AND BEHAVIOR-AWARE DISCOVERY OF WEB SERVICE COMPOSITIONS

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 319-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIO BROGI ◽  
SARA CORFINI
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Service Discovery ◽  
Semantic Web Services ◽  
Functional Information ◽  
Web Service Discovery ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Suitable Notion ◽  
And Behavior

Web service discovery is one of the key issues in the emerging area of Service-oriented Computing. In this paper, we present a complete composition-oriented, ontology-based methodology for discovering semantic Web services, which exploits functional and behavioral properties contained in OWL-S service advertisements to satisfy functional and behavioral client queries. To this aim, we build on top of the results contained in two recent articles, where we presented (1) a suitable data structure (viz. a dependency hypergraph) to collect functional information of services, and (2) a suitable notion of behavioral equivalence for Web services. We also discuss the architecture and the main implementation choices of the matchmaking system applying such a methodology.

PROCESS MODEL ONTOLOGY-BASED MATCHMAKING OF SEMANTIC WEB SERVICES

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 357-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. PAULRAJ ◽  
S. SWAMYNATHAN ◽  
M. MADHAIYAN
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Semantic Web ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Service Discovery ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Semantic Web Services ◽  
Functional Part ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Concise Description

One of the key challenges of the Service Oriented Architecture is the discovery of relevant services for a given task. In Semantic Web Services, service discovery is generally achieved by using the service profile ontology of OWL-S. Profile of a service is a derived, concise description and not a functional part of the semantic web service. There is no schema present in the service profile to describe the input, output (IO), and the IOs in the service profile are not always annotated with ontology concepts, whereas the process model has such a schema to describe the IOs which are always annotated with ontology concepts. In this paper, we propose a complementary sophisticated matchmaking approach which uses the concrete process model ontology of OWL-S instead of the concise service profile ontology. Empirical analysis shows that high precision and recall can be achieved by using the process model-based service discovery.

Exploiting named entity recognition for improving syntactic-based web service discovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Lizarralde ◽  
Cristian Mateos ◽  
Juan Manuel Rodriguez ◽  
Alejandro Zunino
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Web Services ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Service Discovery ◽  
Software Industry ◽  
Named Entity Recognition ◽  
Entity Recognition ◽  
Web Service Discovery ◽  
Named Entity ◽  
Text Corpora

Web Services have become essential to the software industry as they represent reusable, remotely accessible functionality and data. Since Web Services must be discovered before being consumed, many discovery approaches applying classic Information Retrieval techniques, which store and process textual service descriptions, have arisen. These efforts are affected by term mismatch: a description relevant to a query can be retrieved only if they share many words. We present an approach to improve Web Service discoverability that automatically augments Web Service descriptions and can be used on top of such existing syntactic-based approaches. We exploit Named Entity Recognition to identify entities in descriptions and expand them with information from public text corpora, for example, Wikidata, mitigating term mismatch since it exploits both synonyms and hypernyms. We evaluated our approach together with classical syntactic-based service discovery approaches using a real 1274-service dataset, achieving up to 15.06% better Recall scores, and up to 17% Precision-at-1, 8% Precision-at-2 and 4% Precision-at-3.

Semantic Web Services for Simulation Component Reuse and Interoperability

2010 ◽  
pp. 336-352
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Web Services ◽  
Semantic Web ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Service Discovery ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Web Service Discovery ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf ◽  
Semantic Interoperation

Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) Simulation Packages (CSPs) are widely used in industry primarily due to economic factors associated with developing proprietary software platforms. Regardless of their widespread use, CSPs have yet to operate across organizational boundaries. The limited reuse and interoperability of CSPs are affected by the same semantic issues that restrict the inter-organizational use of software components and web services. The current representations of Web components are predominantly syntactic in nature lacking the fundamental semantic underpinning required to support discovery on the emerging Semantic Web. The authors present new research that partially alleviates the problem of limited semantic reuse and interoperability of simulation components in CSPs. Semantic models, in the form of ontologies, utilized by the authors’ Web service discovery and deployment architecture, provide one approach to support simulation model reuse. Semantic interoperation is achieved through a simulation component ontology that is used to identify required components at varying levels of granularity (i.e. including both abstract and specialized components). Selected simulation components are loaded into a CSP, modified according to the requirements of the new model and executed. The research presented here is based on the development of an ontology, connector software, and a Web service discovery architecture. The ontology is extracted from example simulation scenarios involving airport, restaurant and kitchen service suppliers. The ontology engineering framework and discovery architecture provide a novel approach to inter-organizational simulation, by adopting a less intrusive interface between participants Although specific to CSPs this work has wider implications for the simulation community. The reason being that the community as a whole stands to benefit through from an increased awareness of the state-of-the-art in Software Engineering (for example, ontology-supported component discovery and reuse, and service-oriented computing), and it is expected that this will eventually lead to the development of a unique Software Engineering-inspired methodology to build simulations in future.

Algorithm for Web Service Discovery Based on Information Retrieval Using WordNet and Linear Discriminant Functions

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Sotolongo ◽  
◽  
Carlos Kobashikawa ◽  
Fangyan Dong ◽  
Kaoru Hirota
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Web Services ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Service Discovery ◽  
Distributed Applications ◽  
Service Description ◽  
Lexical Database ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Web Service Discovery ◽  
The One

An algorithm based on information retrieval that applies the lexical database WordNet together with a linear discriminant function is proposed. It calculates the degree of similarity between words and their relative importance to support the development of distributed applications based on web services. The algorithm uses the semantic information contained in the Web Service Description Language specifications and ranks web services based on their similarity to the one the developer is searching for. It is applied to a set of 48 real web services in five categories, then compared them to four other algorithms based on information retrieval, showing an averaged improvement over all data between 0.6% and 1.9% in precision and 0.7% and 3.1% in recall for the top 15 ranked web services. The objective was to reduce the burden and time spent searching web services during the development of distributed applications, and it can be used as an alternative to current web service discovery systems such as brokers in the Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) platform.

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