Analysis of the Correlation between Static Visual Stimuli, Eye Movements, and Brain Signals

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150056
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Namazi ◽  
Avinash Menon ◽  
Ondrej Krejcar
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Research Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Brain Signals ◽  
Information Contents ◽  
Important Research Area ◽  
The Brain

Analysis of the correlation among the activities of the eyes and brain is an important research area in physiological science. In this paper, we analyzed the correlation between the reactions of eyes and the brain during rest and while watching different visual stimuli. Since every external stimulus transfers information to the human brain, and on the other hand, eye movements and EEG signals contain information, we utilized Shannon entropy to evaluate the coupling between them. In the experiment, 10 subjects looked at 4 images with different information contents while we recorded their EEG signals and eye movements simultaneously. According to the results, the information contents of eye fluctuations, EEG signals, and visual stimuli are coupled, which reflect the coupling between the brain and eye activities. Similar analyses could be performed to evaluate the correlation among the activities of other organs versus the brain.

Information-based Analysis of the Coupling between Dynamic Visual Stimuli, Eye Movements, and Brain Signals

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150048
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Namazi ◽  
Avinash Menon ◽  
Ondrej Krejcar
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Vision Science ◽  
Brain Signals ◽  
Information Contents ◽  
The Brain

Our eyes are always in search of exploring our surrounding environment. The brain controls our eyes’ activities through the nervous system. Hence, analyzing the correlation between the activities of the eyes and brain is an important area of research in vision science. This paper evaluates the coupling between the reactions of the eyes and the brain in response to different moving visual stimuli. Since both eye movements and EEG signals (as the indicator of brain activity) contain information, we employed Shannon entropy to decode the coupling between them. Ten subjects looked at four moving objects (dynamic visual stimuli) with different information contents while we recorded their EEG signals and eye movements. The results demonstrated that the changes in the information contents of eye movements and EEG signals are strongly correlated ([Formula: see text]), which indicates a strong correlation between brain and eye activities. This analysis could be extended to evaluate the correlation between the activities of other organs versus the brain.

Decoding the coupling between the brain and skin reactions in auditory stimulation by information-based analysis of EEG and GSR signals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Najmeh Pakniyat ◽  
Hamidreza Namazi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Skin Resistance ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Information Contents ◽  
Important Research Area ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain

BACKGROUND: The analysis of brain activity in different conditions is an important research area in neuroscience. OBJECTIVE: This paper analyzed the correlation between the brain and skin activities in rest and stimulations by information-based analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) and galvanic skin resistance (GSR) signals. METHODS: We recorded EEG and GSR signals of eleven subjects during rest and auditory stimulations using three pieces of music that were differentiated based on their complexity. Then, we calculated the Shannon entropy of these signals to quantify their information contents. RESULTS: The results showed that music with greater complexity has a more significant effect on altering the information contents of EEG and GSR signals. We also found a strong correlation (r= 0.9682) among the variations of the information contents of EEG and GSR signals. Therefore, the activities of the skin and brain are correlated in different conditions. CONCLUSION: This analysis technique can be utilized to evaluate the correlation among the activities of various organs versus brain activity in different conditions.

scholarly journals Luxury Consumption: Literature Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hümeyra Aslım Bilge
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Research Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Luxury Consumption ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Important Research Area

As the demand for luxury increases and luxury goods become more available, the concept of luxury has become an important research area for academic and business communities. The perceptions of people towards luxury and their expectations from the luxury goods/services might vary greatly. The features like brand image, reliability and quality constitute the positive perceptions regarding luxury. On the other hand, there are also certain features like excessive price and extremeness that can be associated with negative perceptions. The features of luxury can also be used to differentiate luxury goods from nonluxury ones. The perceptions of people towards luxury can also drive the luxury consumption process. As in all consumption activities, people also acquire some financial, rational, and emotional values because of the luxury consumption. The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of luxury consumption, address the perceptions and attitudes of people towards luxury, and provide an overview of the luxury consumption. In this study, the literature has been reviewed for the studies on the same subject to make a compilation.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN EYES AND BRAIN ACTIVITIES IN RESPONSE TO MOVING VISUAL STIMULI

Fractals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMESH RAMAMOORTHY ◽  
AVINASH MENON ◽  
KARTHIKEYAN RAJAGOPAL ◽  
ROBERT FRISCHER ◽  
HAMIDREZA NAMAZI
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Sample Entropy ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Complex Patterns ◽  
The Brain

This paper analyzed the coupling among the reactions of eyes and brain in response to visual stimuli. Since eye movements and electroencephalography (EEG) signals as the features of eye and brain activities have complex patterns, we utilized fractal theory and sample entropy to decode the correlation between them. In the experiment, subjects looked at a dot that moved on different random paths (dynamic visual stimuli) on the screen of a computer in front of them while we recorded their EEG signals and eye movements simultaneously. The results indicated that the changes in the complexity of eye movements and EEG signals are coupled ([Formula: see text] in case of fractal dimension and [Formula: see text] in case of sample entropy), which reflects the coupling between the brain and eye activities. This analysis could be extended to evaluate the correlation between the activities of other organs versus the brain.

MAS-based Agent Societies by Means of Scout Movement

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Paletta
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multi Agent System ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Youth Movement ◽  
Agent Societies ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The World ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Important Research Area

The concept of agent societies (or organizations) has become an important research area in the field of agent-related systems and vice versa. In order to do field-related simulations or to solve a variety of problems based in this research area, Multi-Agent System (MAS) frameworks are necessary. Several good proposals have been presented in this field. This paper presents a new MAS-based framework for agent societies based on the principles of a familiar, global connotation youth movement known as Scouting. The main goal of this paper is not to demonstrate whether the proposal presented here, which is presented by name of MAS-Scout, is better or not than the other current proposals. Instead, MAS-Scout is focusing in the following premise: knowing that Scouting has been a very successful social movement in the world; can its principles be used as a basis for designing a MAS-based framework used for implementing agent societies?

NON-INVASIVE BCI METHOD: EEG - ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY

2019 ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Selma Büyükgöze
Keyword(s):  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Brain Signals ◽  
Brain States ◽  
The Brain

Brain Computer Interface consists of hardware and software that convert brain signals into action. It changes the nerves, muscles, and movements they produce with electro-physiological signs. The BCI cannot read the brain and decipher the thought in general. The BCI can only identify and classify specific patterns of activity in ongoing brain signals associated with specific tasks or events. EEG is the most commonly used non-invasive BCI method as it can be obtained easily compared to other methods. In this study; It will be given how EEG signals are obtained from the scalp, with which waves these frequencies are named and in which brain states these waves occur. 10-20 electrode placement plan for EEG to be placed on the scalp will be shown.

Information-based decoding of the coupling among human brain activity and movement paths

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shahul Mujib Kamal ◽  
Norazryana Mat Dawi ◽  
Hamidreza Namazi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Physiological Signals ◽  
Human Walking ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Rehabilitation Science ◽  
Information Contents ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Reaction

BACKGROUND: Walking like many other actions of a human is controlled by the brain through the nervous system. In fact, if a problem occurs in our brain, we cannot walk correctly. Therefore, the analysis of the coupling of brain activity and walking is very important especially in rehabilitation science. The complexity of movement paths is one of the factors that affect human walking. For instance, if we walk on a path that is more complex, our brain activity increases to adjust our movements. OBJECTIVE: This study for the first time analyzed the coupling of walking paths and brain reaction from the information point of view. METHODS: We analyzed the Shannon entropy for electroencephalography (EEG) signals versus the walking paths in order to relate their information contents. RESULTS: According to the results, walking on a path that contains more information causes more information in EEG signals. A strong correlation (p= 0.9999) was observed between the information contents of EEG signals and walking paths. Our method of analysis can also be used to investigate the relation among other physiological signals of a human and walking paths, which has great benefits in rehabilitation science.

Climate change and employment relations

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 670-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Goods
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Workplace Relations ◽  
Important Research Area

A central, yet overlooked, aspect of contemporary employment relations is the growing impact climate change is having on workplace relations. This research note outlines how climate change and workplace relations are linked, the minimal academic focus this important research area has received and the limited response from employment relations actors to the climate change challenge. Some examples of ‘climate bargaining’ are given to demonstrate both the connection between employment relations and climate change and to provide possible models for meaningfully advancing climate change actions in the workplace.

scholarly journals Context-Based Filtering for Assisted Brain-Actuated Wheelchair Driving

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerolf Vanacker ◽  
José del R. Millán ◽  
Eileen Lew ◽  
Pierre W. Ferrez ◽  
Ferran Galán Moles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Shared Control ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Intelligent Processing ◽  
Intelligent Wheelchair ◽  
Brain Signals ◽  
Brain Interface ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain

Controlling a robotic device by using human brain signals is an interesting and challenging task. The device may be complicated to control and the nonstationary nature of the brain signals provides for a rather unstable input. With the use of intelligent processing algorithms adapted to the task at hand, however, the performance can be increased. This paper introduces a shared control system that helps the subject in driving an intelligent wheelchair with a noninvasive brain interface. The subject's steering intentions are estimated from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and passed through to the shared control system before being sent to the wheelchair motors. Experimental results show a possibility for significant improvement in the overall driving performance when using the shared control system compared to driving without it. These results have been obtained with 2 healthy subjects during their first day of training with the brain-actuated wheelchair.

scholarly journals The Use of Literary Texts in EFL Coursebooks: An Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Shaima Al-Saeed ◽  
Abdullah A. Alenezi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Learning ◽  
Important Research Area ◽  
And Linguistics

This exploratory study investigates the use of literary texts in English as a foreign language (EFL) coursebooks and examines the extent to which literature is used within the coursebooks, the types of texts used as regards authenticity and recency, the criteria for selecting and adapting the texts and the ways of improving the selection and adaptation process. Multiple articles written on this subject show that the evaluation of EFL coursebooks is a relevant and important research area in the study of language and linguistics. This study gives a survey of the extent to which literary texts are used in EFL coursebooks within institutions of higher learning in Kuwait and worldwide. In this study, 44 popular EFL coursebooks (between 2015 and 2019) within higher education institutes, including those in Kuwait, were analysed. The findings demonstrated that literary texts are not included in many of the coursebooks used nowadays and that the literary texts selected were primarily from an early period (more than a century ago). Furthermore, the results revealed that the coursebooks include a large percentage of inauthentic, ill-adapted works. Consequently, this study recommends incorporating authentic literary texts in EFL coursebooks comprising modern literature.

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