WHEN A SMILE DOES NO GOOD: CREATIVITY REDUCTION AMONG AVOIDANCE- VERSUS APPROACH-ORIENTED INDIVIDUALS IN DYADIC INTERACTIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 1640007 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEN FUJIWARA ◽  
KOSUKE TAKEMURA ◽  
SATOKO SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Social Approval ◽  
Dyadic Interactions ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Popular Belief ◽  
Drawing Task

This study examined the influence of others’ smiles on individuals’ creativity. According to popular belief, individuals get motivated to be more creative when others smile at them. In contrast, we hypothesised that smiles would make avoidance-oriented (versus approach-oriented) individuals less creative, as they may lose the motivation to pursue further novelty once they gain social approval, as implied by a smile. Forty-two participants were paired with a same-sex stranger and randomly assigned to the role of either an “illustrator” or a “commentator.” The illustrators performed the Alien Drawing Task and the commentators gave feedbacks regarding the drawing, which were repeated six times and video-recorded. As expected, the results showed significant interaction effects between others’ smiles and avoidance orientation on creativity: participants high in avoidance orientation showed less creativity when others smiled at them. In addition, nodding had the same effect as a smile did, confirming that social approval decreases the creativity of avoidance-oriented individuals.

scholarly journals INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GENES FROM AGING-RELATED PATHWAYS: IMPACT ON HUMAN LONGEVITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S899-S899
Author(s):  
Svetlana Ukraintseva ◽  
Matt Duan ◽  
Deqing Wu ◽  
Konstantin Arbeev ◽  
Alexander Kulminski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Human Longevity ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Nominal Significance

Abstract Role of genetic interactions (GxG) in human longevity remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that GxG between genes from biologically connected pathways involved in aging may impact longevity. To test this hypothesis, we selected 53 candidate genes from the aging-related pathways (IGF-1/AKT/FOXO3A, TP53/P21/P16, and mTOR/S6K mediated) that are known to jointly influence outcomes of cell responses to stress and damage, such as apoptosis, senescence, growth/proliferation, and autophagy. We evaluated the effects of interactions between SNPs in these genes on longevity in LLFS and CARe data. RESULTS: The IGF1R, PPARGC1A and BCL2 genes were consistently involved in top GxG effects (p<10-6) on survival in the oldest old (85+ and 95+). One SNP, rs2970870 in PPARGC1A gene, was broadly involved in significant interaction effects on survival 96+ (p<10-7) when paired with SNPs in IGF1R and NFKB1 genes. This SNP individually was associated with survival with nominal significance only; therefore, it would have not been selected in a GWAS. We conclude that interactions between genes from aging-related pathways that regulate cell responses and resilience to damage may have major impact on human longevity and contribute to its genetic heterogeneity. The research was supported by the NIA/NIH grants R01AG062623, U19AG063893, P01AG043352.

scholarly journals The role of dyadic interactions between CEOs, chairs and owners in family firm governance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Maria Sievinen ◽  
Tuuli Ikäheimonen ◽  
Timo Pihkala
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Family Firm ◽  
Dyadic Interaction ◽  
Dyadic Interactions ◽  
Board Processes ◽  
Governance Process ◽  
Back Stage ◽  
Firm Owners

AbstractThe objective of this case-based study is to understand how the dyadic interaction between the key governance actors can influence the decision-making aimed at directing and controlling a family firm. The study provides evidence that dyadic interaction at the back stage of the formal governance process can offer a privileged position for the family firm owners who serve on the board, and the non-family member Chair of the Board, to influence decision-making before, after and between board meetings. The cases studied suggest that dyadic interactions can serve as preparation for formal board processes and complement and clarify them, yet they also have the potential to conflict with them. Dyadic interaction is also shown to offer important relational and emotional benefits that may not necessarily be achieved through larger group interaction. The findings suggest that although the actors can self-regulate their behaviour through informal rules, the rules may imperfectly address one risk of dyadic interaction—the reduced cognitive conflict among the board.

Exploring the Role of Interaction Effects in Visual Conjoint Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Sylcott ◽  
Jeremy J. Michalek ◽  
Jonathan Cagan
Keyword(s):  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Biased Estimates ◽  
Data Requirements

In conjoint analysis, interaction effects characterize how preference for the level of one product attribute is dependent on the level of another attribute. When interaction effects are negligible, a main effects fractional factorial experimental design can be used to reduce data requirements and survey cost. This is particularly important when the presence of many parameters or levels makes full factorial designs intractable. However, if interaction effects are relevant, main effects design can create biased estimates and lead to erroneous conclusions. This work investigates consumer preference interactions in the nontraditional context of visual choice-based conjoint analysis, where the conjoint attributes are parameters that define a product's shape. Although many conjoint studies assume interaction effects to be negligible, they may play a larger role for shape parameters. The role of interaction effects is explored in two visual conjoint case studies. The results suggest that interactions can be either negligible or dominant in visual conjoint, depending on consumer preferences. Generally, we suggest using randomized designs to avoid any bias resulting from the presence of interaction effects.

Impact of Similarity of Interviewer-Interviewee and Interviewer-Interviewer on Ratings in a Selection Interview

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine F. Shepard ◽  
Maureen Hallinan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Social Approval ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Selection Interview ◽  
Ideal Candidate ◽  
Selection Interviews ◽  
Actual Selection

This study aimed to determine whether similarity of interviewer and interviewee or interviewer and interviewer influenced applicant interview ratings. Data on background characteristics, relative interests and need for social approval were secured from 21 faculty interviewers and 296 applicants during actual selection interviews. Contrary to prior findings based on simulated activity, the results did not uphold the role of similarity. Additional data gathered from follow-up interviews with faculty interviewers point to preconceived conceptions of an “ideal” candidate as a stronger reference point for decision making in selection interviews than similarity to self.

scholarly journals Brand Embarrassment: Antecedents and Outcomes Variables

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paterne Micha MBELANGANI MBAN ◽  
Sevtap ÜNAL
Keyword(s):  
Brand Image ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interpersonal Influence ◽  
Social Approval ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Brand Hate

The present study aimed to investigate the role of negative feelings on the consumer buying decision. The influence of a brand image, the need for social approval, and negative brand self- expressiveness on brand embarrassment, as well as the influence of embarrassment on brand hate and brand detachment, mediated by interpersonal influence, were investigated. Findings revealed that brand image and the need for social approval do not have any influence on brand embarrassment, while the negative brand self-expressiveness does predict brand embarrassment. On the other side, the findings revealed that brand embarrassment creates brand hate and brand detachment. And, interpersonal influence has a mediating role in the relationship between brand image-brand detachment, negative brand self-expressiveness-brand hate, and negative brand self- expressiveness-brand detachment.

scholarly journals Sexual rights, Religion and Post-Neoliberalism in Argentina (2003–2015)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-101
Author(s):  
Daniel Jones ◽  
Lucía Ariza ◽  
Mario Pecheny
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Politics ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Sexual Rights ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Marriage ◽  
Pope Francis ◽  
Religious Actors

This paper examines the relation between sexual politics and post-neoliberalism/populism in Kirchners’ Argentina between 2003 and 2015, focusing on the role of religious actors. Despite the opposition of religious leaders, including that of Archbishop Jorge Bergoglio (now Pope Francis), Argentina advanced in the recognition of gender and sexual rights during the Kirchners’ administrations. Conflicts around gender and sexuality, particularly around same-sex marriage, explain some of the tensions between political and religious actors in the period. The focus of this paper on sexual politics shows that the Kirchners’ administrations, unlike other traditional populist or post-neoliberal administrations, had a strong liberal component, which explains the tensions between that populist government and conservative religious actors.

scholarly journals Predicting education science students’ statistics anxiety: The role of prior experiences within a framework of domain-specific motivation constructs

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenter Faber ◽  
Heike Drexler
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Statistics Anxiety ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Utility Value ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Experience Levels ◽  
Prior Experiences ◽  
Education Science

Based on a cognitive-motivational modeling of construct relations, the present study aimed at analyzing the role of prior statistics experiences to ex­­plain education science students’ statistics anxiety. Data were analyzed from two independent samples which consisted of N = 113 and N = 87 participants – using a different operationalization of the experience variable in each case. In both samples, analyses demonstrated students’ statistics anxiety to be substantially ex­plained by their self-concept and negative utility value – but not by their prior sta­tistics ex­periences. However, conceptually assumed interaction effects between motivation and ex­perience variables did not occur. Instead, students’ statistics anxiety appeared to be de­pendent on self-concept and value scores across all experience levels. Moreover, different operationa­lizations of the experience variable produced somewhat varying effect patterns. Find­ings are discussed in terms of conceptual, methodological, and instructional implications.

A Burden of Responsibility: The Role of Social Approval at the Onset of a Crisis

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bundy ◽  
Michael D. Pfarrer
Keyword(s):  
Social Approval
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