NON-INVASIVE NOCTURNAL HYPOGLYCEMIA DETECTION FOR INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS USING GENETIC FUZZY LOGIC METHOD

Author(s):  
S. H. LING ◽  
P. P. SAN ◽  
H. T. NGUYEN ◽  
F. H. F. LEUNG

Hypoglycemia, or low blood glucose, is the most common complication experienced by Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. It is dangerous and can result in unconsciousness, seizures and even death. The most common physiological parameter to be effected from hypoglycemic reaction are heart rate (HR) and correct QT interval (QTc) of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Based on physiological parameters, a genetic algorithm based fuzzy reasoning model is developed to recognize the presence of hypoglycemia. To optimize the parameters of the fuzzy model in the membership functions and fuzzy rules, a genetic algorithm is used. A validation strategy based adjustable fitness is introduced in order to prevent the phenomenon of overtraining (overfitting). For this study, 15 children with 569 sampling data points with Type 1 diabetes volunteered for an overnight study. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is found to be satisfactory by giving better sensitivity and specificity compared with other existing methods for hypoglycemia detection.

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Green ◽  
J. P. Ng ◽  
D. Chan-Lam

Two classical autoimmune polyendocrine deficiency syndromes with heritable tendencies are described, Type 1 diabetes mellitus being associated with the Type 2 polyendocrine deficiency syndrome (Schmidt's syndrome). A man with Type 1 diabetes mellitus is described who developed an unusual combination of five autoimmune conditions (myasthenia gravis, Addisonian pernicious anaemia, adrenalitis and thyroiditis) which did not fit into the Type 1 or Type 2 classical polyendocrine deficiency syndromes. This suggests that the autoantibody, biochemical and haematological screening of affected individuals and their relatives should be extended to anticipate a wider range of potential autoimmune conditions.


2007 ◽  
pp. 255-266
Author(s):  
D Kantárová ◽  
M Buc

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM 1A) is an autoimmune disease belonging to the most frequent chronic diseases of the childhood and young adults. DM 1A results from immune-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. It is a genetically determined disease and many genes or genetic regions were found to be associated with its induction. In addition to the insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 1 (IDDM1) gene, which marks the HLA region, and IDDM2 which marks the insulin gene, significant associations of DM 1A to other IDMM genes or genetic regions we reported. We shortly review recent achievements in the field, and the state of current knowledge.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Oleg Lisovskii ◽  
◽  
Anna Zavyalova ◽  
Valeriya Novikova ◽  
Milena Yakovleva ◽  
...  

In most cases, type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells, which is the result of absolute insulin deficiency and, therefore, treatment is associated with the administration of insulin. The therapeutic treatment of type 1 diabetes includes the use of insulin for glycemic control, balanced nutrition and regular physical activity. Daily insulin requirements vary depending on age, diet, self-monitoring of blood glucose and daily routine. Obesity affects some patients with type 1 diabetes, which increases their insulin requirements and negatively affects their metabolic control. The type 1 diabetes diet is an essential part of the treatment program and helps to achieve glycemia targets and avoid insulin dose difficulties. Traditionally, for sick children and their parents, there are diet classes in the School of diabetes, but the equivalence in terms of diet and the actual nutrition of children is not sufficiently studied. Therefore, a combination of insulin therapy and an individual nutrition plan is necessary, which is the key to proper metabolic control. The usual nutritional guidelines for patients with type 1 diabetes should be the same as those for the general population.


1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Antsiferov ◽  
E. G. Starostina ◽  
G. R. Galstyan ◽  
I. I. Dedov

A prospective follow-up of a random sample of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus revealed a marked decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism in 98% of the examinees, a high incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis, a long duration of temporary invalidity, and poor adherence of patients to medical recommendations. Assessment of primary health care rendered to patients with type 1 diabetes at district outpatient clinics of Moscow demonstrated its poor efficacy and a necessity to improve the level of specialized diabetologic care.


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