scholarly journals Nutritional stereotypes of children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Oleg Lisovskii ◽  
◽  
Anna Zavyalova ◽  
Valeriya Novikova ◽  
Milena Yakovleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Insulin Requirements ◽  
Sick Children

In most cases, type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells, which is the result of absolute insulin deficiency and, therefore, treatment is associated with the administration of insulin. The therapeutic treatment of type 1 diabetes includes the use of insulin for glycemic control, balanced nutrition and regular physical activity. Daily insulin requirements vary depending on age, diet, self-monitoring of blood glucose and daily routine. Obesity affects some patients with type 1 diabetes, which increases their insulin requirements and negatively affects their metabolic control. The type 1 diabetes diet is an essential part of the treatment program and helps to achieve glycemia targets and avoid insulin dose difficulties. Traditionally, for sick children and their parents, there are diet classes in the School of diabetes, but the equivalence in terms of diet and the actual nutrition of children is not sufficiently studied. Therefore, a combination of insulin therapy and an individual nutrition plan is necessary, which is the key to proper metabolic control. The usual nutritional guidelines for patients with type 1 diabetes should be the same as those for the general population.

Metformin and Insulin: Is There a Role for Combination Therapy?

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline R Daniel ◽  
Kathleen O Hagmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Insulin Requirements ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Bibliographic Search

Objective To review the literature on concomitant insulin and metformin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes to determine the potential for combination therapy. Data Sources A MEDLINE and bibliographic search (1966–1996) of the literature pertaining to metformin and phenformin and their combined use with insulin in the treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus was performed. Study Selection All human studies using metformin with insulin were included in the analysis. Studies using phenformin with insulin were also included due to its similarities to metformin. Data Synthesis The recent availability of metformin provides some new options for treating diabetes mellitus. One possibility is the use of this medication in conjunction with insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes. Although this seems like a potentially beneficial combination, there is currently no recommendation for use in this manner. Experience with combination metformin and insulin therapy has consistently demonstrated a reduction in insulin requirements. Studies have not been of necessary size or duration to definitively prove the benefits of this insulin dose reduction or any other benefits of combination therapy. Conclusions When metformin is added to insulin therapy, insulin requirements are likely to decrease. Although one would anticipate benefits from reduction in circulating insulin concentrations, the studies do not provide data to determine if benefits of combination therapy outweigh risks. Further studies of larger size and longer duration are needed before the use of metformin with insulin can be routinely recommended in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, Myasthenia Gravis, Pernicious Anaemia, Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Autoimmune Adrenalitis in a Single Patient

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Green ◽  
J. P. Ng ◽  
D. Chan-Lam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pernicious Anaemia ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions

Two classical autoimmune polyendocrine deficiency syndromes with heritable tendencies are described, Type 1 diabetes mellitus being associated with the Type 2 polyendocrine deficiency syndrome (Schmidt's syndrome). A man with Type 1 diabetes mellitus is described who developed an unusual combination of five autoimmune conditions (myasthenia gravis, Addisonian pernicious anaemia, adrenalitis and thyroiditis) which did not fit into the Type 1 or Type 2 classical polyendocrine deficiency syndromes. This suggests that the autoantibody, biochemical and haematological screening of affected individuals and their relatives should be extended to anticipate a wider range of potential autoimmune conditions.

scholarly journals Genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus in humans

2007 ◽  
pp. 255-266
Author(s):  
D Kantárová ◽  
M Buc
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Genetically Determined

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM 1A) is an autoimmune disease belonging to the most frequent chronic diseases of the childhood and young adults. DM 1A results from immune-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. It is a genetically determined disease and many genes or genetic regions were found to be associated with its induction. In addition to the insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 1 (IDDM1) gene, which marks the HLA region, and IDDM2 which marks the insulin gene, significant associations of DM 1A to other IDMM genes or genetic regions we reported. We shortly review recent achievements in the field, and the state of current knowledge.

NON-INVASIVE NOCTURNAL HYPOGLYCEMIA DETECTION FOR INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS USING GENETIC FUZZY LOGIC METHOD

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250025 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. LING ◽  
P. P. SAN ◽  
H. T. NGUYEN ◽  
F. H. F. LEUNG
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Physiological Parameter ◽  
Nocturnal Hypoglycemia ◽  
Hypoglycemic Reaction

Hypoglycemia, or low blood glucose, is the most common complication experienced by Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. It is dangerous and can result in unconsciousness, seizures and even death. The most common physiological parameter to be effected from hypoglycemic reaction are heart rate (HR) and correct QT interval (QTc) of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Based on physiological parameters, a genetic algorithm based fuzzy reasoning model is developed to recognize the presence of hypoglycemia. To optimize the parameters of the fuzzy model in the membership functions and fuzzy rules, a genetic algorithm is used. A validation strategy based adjustable fitness is introduced in order to prevent the phenomenon of overtraining (overfitting). For this study, 15 children with 569 sampling data points with Type 1 diabetes volunteered for an overnight study. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is found to be satisfactory by giving better sensitivity and specificity compared with other existing methods for hypoglycemia detection.

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