Intuitive and mindful eating to improve physiological health parameters: a short narrative review of intervention studies

Objectives This brief narrative review aims to give an up-to-date overview of intuitive and mindful eating (I/ME) interventions with specific focus on cardiometabolic risk factors, including glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure and inflammatory markers. Content I/ME intervention studies in adults which measured at least one physiological parameter other than weight were identified from PubMed. The clinical trial/randomized controlled trial filters and publication dates 2001 through April 2021 with variations of the following keywords were applied: intuitive eating, mindful eating, weight neutral. Ten articles were identified. Summary/Outlook Of the 10 studies, seven showed I/ME interventions were more effective than control in at least one cardiometabolic outcome, two showed significant I/ME within-group improvements but no between-group differences, and one showed neither within-group nor between-group differences. Specifically, I/ME improved glucose levels among pregnant women with or without gestational diabetes, lipid profile among adults with overweight or obesity, blood pressure among participants with overweight and inflammatory markers among post-menopausal women with obesity. However, the positive impact of I/ME on each of these cardiometabolic parameters was not consistent across studies: of the six studies that examined glucose regulation, two demonstrated positive outcomes for I/ME group, whereas four found no effect compared to control. Three out of five studies had positive lipid effects, one out of five demonstrated systolic blood pressure (SBP) improvements and one of two showed improvements in inflammatory markers. Given these mixed results, more research is needed to understand the possible effectiveness of I/ME to improve cardiometabolic health.

Morpho-physiological effects of environmental stress on yield and quality of sweet corn varieties (Zea mays L.)

Sweet corn is cultivated in different climatic regions of the world, and consumed either fresh or processed. Morpho-physiological effects of environmental stress on yield, yield components and quality of some sweet corn varieties were investigated in field experiments conducted at Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey during 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. The experimental lay out was randomized blocks with three replicates. Eight candidates and two control sweet corn varieties classified as moderate maturity (FAO 650–700) were used in field experiment. Mean values of pollen fertility rate (PFR, %), total soluble solids (TSS, °Brix), abscisic acid (ABA, nmol/g DW), ear length (EL, cm), plant height (PH, cm), number of grains per cob (CGN, grain) and fresh cob yield (FCY, t ha−1) were significantly different between years and sweet corn varieties. The PFR, TSS, ABA, EL, PH, CGN and FCY ranged from 40.29–67.65%, 13.24–20.09 °brix, 7.74–21.04 nmol/g DW, 9.69–15.98 cm, 97.80–171.34 cm, 289.15–420.33 grain and 4.15–10.23 t ha−1 respectively. The FCY, yield components and PFR values in the second year that had a higher temperature and lower relative humidity were lower compared to the first year, while ABA and TSS values were higher in the second year. Statistically significant correlations were recorded between the parameters investigated except FCY and TSS. The FCY and other parameters of sweet corn varieties, which produced high ABA phytohormone, were high, and the ABA hormone significantly contributed to plant growth under stress conditions. The results revealed that the PFR physiological parameter and ABA hormone in the plants provide important information about stress level and stress tolerance level of the cultivars, respectively. Despite adverse environmental stress conditions, the FCY of ŞADA-18.7 variety, one of the candidate varieties, was higher than that of the control and the mean value of the experiment.

Parameter Space Mapping for Blood Oxygenation Measurement with Low Field NMR

<p><b>Blood oxygenation is a critical physiological parameter for patient health. The clinical importance of this parameter means that measurement of blood oxygenation is a routine part of care. Magnetic resonance provides a way to measure blood oxygenation through the paramagnetic effect of deoxy-haemoglobin, which decreases the T2 relaxation time of blood. This effect has been well characterised at high fields (>1:5 T) for use in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and it is a contributing factor to the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent contrast used in functional MRI. However there are relatively few studies of this effect at low magnetic fields, and these have only looked at extreme levels of oxygenation/deoxygenation. To study this effect for potential application in a low-field device, we measured this effect to determine how factors such as oxygenation, field strength and CPMG echo time affect the T2 of blood.</b></p> <p>A continuous flow circuit, similar to a cardiopulmonary bypass circuit, was used to control parameters such as oxygen saturation and temperature, before the blood sample flowed into a variable field magnet (set at fields between 5-40 MHz), where a series of CPMG experiments with echo times ranging from 1 ms to 20 ms were performed to measure the T2. Additionally, the oxygen saturation was continually monitored by an optical sensor, for comparison with the T2 changes. This allowed us to test the sensitivity of this effect at low fields.</p> <p>These results show that at low fields, the T2 relaxation change still follows the trends shown in the literature, with a dependence on B0 squared, and on the fraction of deoxyhaemoglobin squared. Additionally, these results were also compared with two theoretical models for the dependence on echo time, which have previously been tested at high fields: the Luz-Meiboom equation, and the Jensen and Chandra model. Both models gave good agreement with the data measured at low fields. These experiments show that the T2 changes in blood due to oxygenation are still visible at low field, and that this technique should be feasible in a low field device.</p>

Parameter Space Mapping for Blood Oxygenation Measurement with Low Field NMR

<p><b>Blood oxygenation is a critical physiological parameter for patient health. The clinical importance of this parameter means that measurement of blood oxygenation is a routine part of care. Magnetic resonance provides a way to measure blood oxygenation through the paramagnetic effect of deoxy-haemoglobin, which decreases the T2 relaxation time of blood. This effect has been well characterised at high fields (>1:5 T) for use in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and it is a contributing factor to the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent contrast used in functional MRI. However there are relatively few studies of this effect at low magnetic fields, and these have only looked at extreme levels of oxygenation/deoxygenation. To study this effect for potential application in a low-field device, we measured this effect to determine how factors such as oxygenation, field strength and CPMG echo time affect the T2 of blood.</b></p> <p>A continuous flow circuit, similar to a cardiopulmonary bypass circuit, was used to control parameters such as oxygen saturation and temperature, before the blood sample flowed into a variable field magnet (set at fields between 5-40 MHz), where a series of CPMG experiments with echo times ranging from 1 ms to 20 ms were performed to measure the T2. Additionally, the oxygen saturation was continually monitored by an optical sensor, for comparison with the T2 changes. This allowed us to test the sensitivity of this effect at low fields.</p> <p>These results show that at low fields, the T2 relaxation change still follows the trends shown in the literature, with a dependence on B0 squared, and on the fraction of deoxyhaemoglobin squared. Additionally, these results were also compared with two theoretical models for the dependence on echo time, which have previously been tested at high fields: the Luz-Meiboom equation, and the Jensen and Chandra model. Both models gave good agreement with the data measured at low fields. These experiments show that the T2 changes in blood due to oxygenation are still visible at low field, and that this technique should be feasible in a low field device.</p>

Study of Neuropeptide Substance P as A Marker of Pain in Newborn Infant

BACKGROUND: Prolonged and repeated untreated pain in newborn infant may produce a relatively permanent adverse long-term sequela. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role for neuropeptides substance P (SP) as neurochemical pain marker in newborn infants in order to decrease unnecessary use of analgesics and protect the developing brain. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on 60 newborn infants. They were assigned to four groups, control preterm, sick preterm, control full term, and sick full term. All neonates were subjected to estimation of pain through neonatal infants pain score (NIPS) as well as Neuropeptide SP on the 1st and 5th day of life. The NIPS addresses five behavioral parameters (facial expression, crying, arm movement, leg movement, and state arousal) and one physiological parameter (breathing pattern). Results were further evaluated according to nature of the procedures; invasive and non-invasive procedures. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the severity of pain score among the sick preterm and full-term infants after invasive procedures. There was a significant increase in SP in the sick preterm group than the control preterm on the 1st and 5th day of life; p were =0.003 and = 0.037, while full-term infants showed significant increase on the 5th day; p = 0.005. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in SP values between the preterm and full-term infants on the 1st and 5th day of life. SP increased significantly after invasive procedures than noninvasive procedures in the sick full-term and sick preterm infants weather in the 1st or 5th day of life. There was a significant correlation between the pain score NIPS and SP level on the 1st day of life. CONCLUSION: SP can be used as pain marker in sick preterm and full-term newborn infants. It showed increase with invasive procedures, acute and chronic pain.

Effects of Different Seat Pressures and Rowing Cadences on Muscle Oxygenation and Physiological Parameter Responses

This study investigated the effects of rowing with different seat cushion and cadence conditions on oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) and total hemoglobin (tHb) levels of the erector spinae (ES) as well as the effects on heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Thirty healthy adults completed tests under three unstable air seat cushion pressure levels (0, 80, and 140 mmHg) and three rowing cadences (slow: 18 bpm, medium: 30 bpm, and fast: 36 bpm) on a rowing machine, for a total of nine test conditions. During the exercise period, rowing on cushions set to 80 mmHg resulted in greater O2Hb and tHb changes than did rowing at 0 mmHg (p < 0.05). When rowing cadence increased, the O2Hb and tHb decreased during the exercise period, whereas HR and RPE increased (p < 0.05). During the recovery period, O2Hb and tHb on cushions set to 140 mmHg during slow rowing were higher than those at 0 mmHg during slow rowing and 140 mmHg during fast rowing (p < 0.05). Rowing on an appropriate pressure of seat cushion and using a slow cadence contribute to increasing muscle oxygenation of low back during exercise.

A SCIENTIFIC STUDY ON LOW AND MODERATE LEVEL OF INTENSE CIRCUIT TRAINING ON SELECTED PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETER AMONG ELITE FEMALE ATHLETES

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a scientic study on low and medium level of intense circuit training on selected physiological parameter among elite female athletes. To achieve the purpose of the study thirty female athletes were selected from Erode District, Tamilnadu, India during the year 2021. The subject’s age ranges from 21 to 25 years. The selected subjects were divided into two equal groups consists of 15 subjects each namely experimental group and control group. The experimental group underwent a combined low and medium level of intensity circuit training programme for eight weeks. The control group was not taking part in any training during the course of the study. Resting heart rate was taken as criterion variable in this study. The selected subjects were tested on resting heart rate was measured through heart rate monitor. Pre-test was taken before the training period and post- test was measured immediately after the eight week training period. Statistical technique‘t’ ratio was used to analyse the means of the pre-test and post test data of experimental group and control group. The results revealed that there was a signicant difference found on the criterion variable. The difference is found due to combined low and medium level of intensity circuit training given to the experimental group on heart rate when compared to control group.

Systematic Review: Blood Pressure Value Difference Between Measurement with Oscillometric and Auscultation of Patients in Health Services

Blood pressure is a vital sign that is very important and is a basic physiological parameter in conducting physical assessments of critical patients. Blood pressure can be measured using manual or automatic instruments. The gold standard measures blood pressure with a mercury sphygmomanometer, but its use has been withdrawn due to the risk of mercury contamination. In practice, different values ​​are often obtained between the oscillometric method and auscultation. The objective of this review is to evaluate the significant difference in blood pressure between using the oscillometric method and auscultation in patients in health care. Method A systematic review approach is carried out on research results published in 3 search engines, namely EBSCO, Proquest, and Science Direct. Articles found according to the inclusion criteria that have been set are then assessed using the level of evidence using the NICE approach. The appraisal study uses the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP), and the synthesis method uses a modified PICO. The result indicates that a total of 3 (three) studies were obtained according to the inclusion criteria. The intervention carried out was measuring blood pressure using two methods, namely oscillometric and auscultation. To sum up, there was a statistically significant difference in systolic pressure between the oscillometric and auscultatory methods.

A study to assess the effectiveness of nebulization followed by chest physiotherapy among patients with respiratory problem, admitted in era hospital at Lucknow

Acute respiratory infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young adults worldwide. T hey account for nearly 3.9 million deaths every year globally. Chest physiotherapy plays an import ant role by promoting drainage and ensuring normal lung expansion in parenchymal lung diseases and pleural diseases. Hence I was keen to evaluate the effectiveness of nebulisation with chest physiotherapy on respiratory status among adults patients with selected respiratory disorders like bronchitis, bronchiolitis, asthma, COPD and pneumonia. It was a quantit ative approach , Quasi experimental study design used (30) with respiratory disorders within the age group of 20-35 above years receiving nebulisation with chest physiotherapy using purposive sampling technique. Respiratory status assessment of clinical parameters (Rating Scale) and Bio physiological measurements(BPM) was done. For experimental group nebulisation with chest physiotherapy for 6 minutes in 10 positions. For control group nebulisation alone given both morning and evening for 2days. Mean, standard deviation, t -test , pearson chisquare test is used for statistical analysis. In experiment al group the respiratory disorder patients are reduced their clinical parameter distress score from 11.33 t o 4.17 . They are able to reduce 7.16 score from base line score. In control group 11.33 t o 7.90 t hey are able to reduce 3.27 score from base line score. Regarding bio physiological parameter, the reduction is statistically significant (P=0.001***) in both groups. Thus the author concludes that Improvement in respiratory status seen in children who receive nebulisation along with chest physiotherapy . Thus patients with respiratory diseases will benefit from the intervention in improving their respiratory status by clearing the secretions.