Photodynamic diagnostics of early gastric cancer: Complexity measures of gastric microcirculation and new model of metastatic adenocarcinoma of rat stomach

The detection of early gastric cancer that often develops asymptomatically is crucial for improving patient survival. The photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) of gastric cancer using 5-aminolevulinic acid/protoporphyrin IX (5-ALA/PpIX) has been reported in several studies. However, the selectivity of PDD of gastric tumor is poor with often false-positive results that require the development of new methods to improve PDD for early gastric cancer. Therefore, a measure of the complexity of gastric microcirculation (multi-scale entropy, MSE) and the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) were applied as additional tools to detect early gastric cancer in rats.In this experimental study, we used our original model of metastatic adenocarcinoma in the stomach of a rat. To induce a gastric tumor, we used a long-term combination (for 9 months, which is 1/2 of the life of rats) of two natural factors, such as chronic stress (overpopulation being typical for modern cities) and the daily presence of nitrites in food and drinks, which are common ingredients added to processed meat and fish to help preserve food. Our results clearly show that both methods, namely, PDD using 5-ALA/PpIX and complexity/correlation analysis, can detect early gastric cancer, which was confirmed by histological analysis. Pre-cancerous areas in the stomach were detected as an intermediate fluorescent signal or MSE level between normal and malignant lesions of the stomach. However, in some cases, PDD with 5-ALA/PpIX produced a false-positive fluorescence of exogenous fluorophores due to its accumulation in benign and inflammatory areas of the mucosa. This fact indicates that the PDD itself is not sufficient for the correct diagnosis of gastric cancer, and the use of additional characteristics, e.g., complexity measures or scaling exponents, can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of PDD of gastric cancer that should be confirmed in further clinical studies and applications.

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False-Positive Lymph Node Involvement by PET-CT in an Early Gastric Cancer: Kikuchi Fujimoto Disease

Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Case Reports ◽

10.5336/caserep.2020-77721 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 13-16

Author(s):

Sami ACAR

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Early Gastric Cancer ◽

False Positive ◽

Lymph Node Involvement ◽

Positive Lymph Node ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Node Involvement

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Clinical Value of Serum Thrombospondin-2 Combined with CA19-9 in Early Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer

Journal of Oncology ◽

10.1155/2021/2483964 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Lanzhi Li ◽

Jie Dong ◽

Lei Fu ◽

Xinhua Xia ◽

Feng Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Early Gastric Cancer ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽

The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽

Gastric Tumor ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cancer Tissue ◽

Clinical Value ◽

Healthy Control

Gastric cancer (GC) is a kind of common cancer worldwide. Too late in diagnosis results in poor prognosis of patients with GC. Thrombospondin-2 (THBS2) is a type of secreted protein that has been found to be a diagnostic biomarker in a variety of cancers. Our study aimed to uncover the clinical value of THBS2 in early detection for patients with gastric cancer. THBS2 was upregulated in gastric cancer tissue compared with normal tissue via analyzing data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Additionally, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that the level of serum THBS2 and carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9, was higher dramatically in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) than that in healthy control (HC) in addition to patients with benign gastric tumor (BGT), which suggested that THBS2 indeed associated with GC. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve assay was conducted to demonstrate that serum THBS2 was similar to CA19-9 to distinguish patients with early gastric cancer from healthy control and patients with benign gastric tumor and that THBS2 combined with CA19-9 improved the detective performance of THBS2 for early gastric cancer. Furthermore, we applied the gene set enrichment analysis assay to analyze signaling pathways related to THBS2. We found that THBS2 positively controlled MAPK and WNT signaling pathways, which indicated that THBS2 might exert its functions via the pathway mentioned above. Thus, our study expounded that serum THBS2 could serve as a vital early diagnostic marker for patients with gastric cancer.

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